HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 3Chapter 3
Good Morning!
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 3:Section 1
The Nervous System
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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What does the Nervous System do???
Thinking Feeling Moving Dreaming Regulates internal functions Learning/memory Etc….
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Consists of 2 main parts:
1. Central Nervous System:• Brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral Nervous System:* made up of nerve cells that send messages between the central nervous system and all the parts of the body.
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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The Central Nervous System:
Consists of brain and spinal cord
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 3: Section 2
The Brain: Our Control Center
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Main Objective:
Identify the major structures of the brain, and explain the functions of each structure.
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Brain Divided into 3 Sections:
1. Hindbrain
2. Midbrain
3. Forebrain
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Hindbrain:
Medulla: Vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and
breathing. Pons:
Located in front of medulla and is involved in regulating body movement, attention, sleep, and alertness.
Cerebellum: Balance and coordination.
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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The Midbrain:
Located between hindbrain and forebrain. Vision and hearing Contains part of reticular activating system:
Part of brain that is involved in attention, sleep, and arousal.
EXEX: Drugs/alcohol can affect
this alertness.
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The Forebrain:
Involved in complex thinking processes!!
4 key areas:1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Limbic System
4. Cerebrum
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Thalamus:
The structure of the brain that relays messages from the sense organs to the cerebral cortex. EX: Relays message to brain, such as pain, in
order for brain to respond.
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Hypothalamus:
The neural structure located below the thalamus that controls temperature, hunger, thirst, and various aspects of emotion: Sexual behavior; caring for offspring,
aggression; etc….
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Limbic System:
A group of neural structures at the base of the cerebral hemispheres that is associated with emotion, motivation, hunger, sex, and aggression.
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Cerebrum:
The large mass of the forebrain, consisting of two hemispheres.
Cerebral Cortex: The bumpy, convoluted surface
of the brain; the body’s control
and information-processing center.
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PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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The Cerebral Cortex: What Makes Us Unique
Made up of right and left hemispheres.
Corpus callosum: The nerve fibers that connect
the left and right hemispheres
of the cerebral cortex.
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Information received by one side of the body is transmitted to the OPPOSITE hemisphere of the brain.
Each hemisphere of the brain is divided into four parts/lobes.
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Complete Lobes of Brain Handout!COLOR AND LABEL!
Occipital Lobe: BlueParietal Lobe: RedTemporal Lobe: YellowFrontal Lobe: Green
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Complete the following on the SAME handout!
Occipital Lobe: Vision
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Temporal Lobe:
Hearing/Auditory
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Parietal Lobe:
Sensory Cortex:Warmth, cold ,touch ,and pain
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Frontal Lobe:
Motor cortex Neurons in the motor cortex fire when we
move certain parts of our body.
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Association Areas:
Association areas: Areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in
such mental operations as thinking, memory, learning, and problem solving.
Shape information into something meaningful.EX: Puzzle
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Language Abilities:
Right-handed people:
Language functions based in left hemisphere
About 2 out of 3 left-handed people:
Language in left hemisphere
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Left vs. Right Hemispheres:
Left Hemisphere: Language, logic, problem solving, mathematical
computation. Right Hemisphere:
Imagination, art, feelings, and spatial relations.
Even though have heard “right brained” and “left brained” the hemispheres DO NOT act independently of each other!!
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Methods of Studying the Brain:
1. Accidents: Accidents and brain damage
2. Electrical Stimulation of the Brain:
Stimulate parts of brain to change behavioral patterns.
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3. The Electroencephalogram (EEG): Electrodes record electrical activity of brain. Used to diagnose some psychological disorders
and locate tumors.
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4. Scans: CAT scan : Computerized axial tomography
3-dimensionanl view of brain.
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging More powerful; shows details more clearly
PET scan: Positron emission tomography Show activity of brain at given time
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