I. Theories of Healthy Behaviors
Health Belief ModelTheory of Reasoned ActionTheory of Planned BehaviorPrecaution Adoption Process ModelTranstheoretical Model
Health Belief Model
Susceptibility to disease __________ of disease Benefits of behaviors Barriers to behaviors
Theory of Reasoned Action Attitude toward behavior Subjective norm
DFN: perception of social pressure Motivation to comply __________ ___-immediate determinant
Precaution Adoption Process Model (Weinstein’s)
7 stages: __________ aware but believe not at risk (optimistic
bias) accept personal risk & idea of precaution
Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska’s)
5 stages of behavior change: precontemplation contemplation preparation action ______________
Model Weaknesses Behavior determined by other factors Consistent, accurate measurement tools
__________ Models predict behavior for one disorder,
not another
Weaknesses (cont.) Barriers beyond understanding of
researchers Not everyone seeks medical care on their
own (e.g., _______________, children, elderly)
Disease vs. Illness DFN: Disease- process of physical
damage within the body; can exist w/o dx DFN: Illness- experience of being sick &
dx as sick
II. Seeking Medical Attention DFN: Illness behavior = __________,
determining health status DFN: Sick role behavior = __________,
trying to get well
What Affects Pt Response?1)Personal factors
2)Gender
3) ________
4)Socioeconomic & cultural factors
5)Characteristics of sxs
6)Conceptualization of disease
Conceptualizing Illness(Leventhal)
5 components: ________________ Time course (of disease & tx) Cause
Conceptualizing (cont.) Consequence Controllability
People feel less anxious & helpless when they __________
B. Sick Role Conceptualizations Segall’s rights & duties
Right to make health decisions Right to be relieved of normal
______________________ Right to become dependent on others
Segall’s Duties Duty to maintain health & get well Duty to perform routine health care
management Duty to use health ______________
Ideal, not realistic
Access to Health Care Medicare- Americans over 65 Medicaid- low income, physical probs. Poor people- < likely to ______ healthcare > likely to have chronic prob. < willing to seek care b/c of $
What has Changed? Outpatient vs. Inpatient (gallblader
removal, ECT, IV drug therapy) Hospital stays shorter-save $$ Better technology Patients express concern
Lack of info Leventhal’s 5
Loss of control ______________= every aspect of person’s
life is managed (e.g., eating, sleeping, schedule)
“Good” vs. “Bad” PatientGood:
quiet submissive obedient
Pros: maybe better care, well liked, expect.s
Cons: helplessness, uninvolved, pt & staff may miss info
Bad: demanding insist on __________ aware of rights
Pros: may be a psych. healthy response, better informed
Cons: rebellious self-sabotage, staff angry & ignoring
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