2 of 35 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Different types of microbes
There are three types of microbes:
bacteria viruses fungi
4 of 35 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Microbes can cause disease
The diseases caused by microbes, and their severity, depend on the type of microbe:
bacteria
food poisoning
sore throats
tuberculosis (TB)
tetanus
cholera
typhoid
bacterial meningitis
influenza (flu)
mumps
chickenpox
smallpox
polio
HIV / AIDS
virus
viral meningitis
fungal sinusitis
athlete’s foot
fungi
onychomycosis(causes discoloured
toe nails)
5 of 35 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
How do microbes enter the body?
eyes
nose
genitals
skin
ears
mouth
cuts
Microbes can enter the body in many different places:
How do the diseases caused by microbes spread?
8 of 35 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Preventing the spread of disease
There are several methods that can help reduce the spread of disease:
disinfecting surfaces
disinfecting skin using antiseptics
sterilizing equipment
using food preservatives in food
personal hygiene.
The spread of disease can also be reduced by vaccinating the population and using antibiotics.
10 of 41 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
A balanced diet
Diet is the usual food and drink that each person consumes and is a very important part of health.
A balanced diet means eating the right types of food in the right amounts so that the body gets the nutrients it needs.
What are the seven nutrients needed in a balanced diet?
Which foods contain these nutrients, and why are they important?
carbohydrates
proteins
fats
vitamins
minerals
water
fibre
14 of 41 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Different types of digestive enzymes
Digestive enzymes are the chemicals that break large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules.
Digestive enzymes are classified by the type of food that they affect; there are three main types:
carbohydrase – breaks carbohydrate into smaller sugars
protease – breaks protein into amino acids
lipase – breaks fat into fatty acids and glycerol.
© Boardworks Ltd 200817 of 30
What is a drug?
A drug is any substance that changes the way the body or mind works.
How many different types of drug can you name?
Paracetamol, alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and ecstasy are all examples of substances that can be called drugs.
Some drugs are beneficial, like asthma drugs, but others like alcohol and nicotine in cigarettes can cause harm.
Drugs can be categorized into over-the-counter drugs, prescription drugs, recreational drugs and illegal drugs.
Top Related