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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
!"#$% '(%)
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Invent a New India Using Knowledge
/0)"1 &2 324 #' 5 *)6Jawaharlal Nehru
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I S12845 ; 1989
I ndian St andard
DENSITY-COMPOSITIONTABLESFOR
AQUEOUSSOLUTIONSOFHYDROCHLORTC
ACID-
SPECIFICATION
UDC
543' 24 : 546' 41 + 546' 46
@ BIS 1991
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Apr i l
1991
Price Group 7
( Reaffirmed 2003 )
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Chemical Standards Sectional Committee, CDC 1
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 30 November 1989, after
the draft finalized by the Chemical Standards Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Chemical Division Council.
The density-composition tables provide a simple means to determine the strength of any aqueous
solntion of hydrochloric acid or of making a solution of specific strength. The underlying
principle in the preparation of these tables is that density is a function of the composition of
aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions.
By using a density hydrometer or from the density deter-
mined at any particular temperature within the range of the tables, composition of the solution can
be determined. The density-composition table is based on data obtained from the International
Critical Tables 1928 still authoritative and relates to mass, not to apparent mass in air.
This standard is based on the tables published in BS 976
:
1987, Density-composition tables for
aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid, issued by the British Standards Institution.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with
the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be roundh,
off in accordance with IS 2
:
1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (
revised .
Ted
number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that ofhe
specified value in this standard.
8/11/2019 HCL Indian
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I s1284 :1989
I ndian St andbd
DENSITY-COhiPOSITION TABLES FOR
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF -HYDROCHLORIC
ACID - SPECIFICATION
1 SCOPE
1.1
This standard furnishes tables which corre-
late density with composrtion of aqueous soiu-
tions of hydrochloric acid. This standard is
.intended to assist in determining the strength of
an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid of
.known density and in preparing solutions of
specific strength.
3
REFERENCES
2.1 The following Indian Standards are necessary
.adjuncts to this standard.
IS No.
Title
3104
4 Part 1) : 1982
SpedIflcation for density
hydrometers: Part 1 Require-
ments ( first revision )
3104
( Part 2 ) : 1982
Specification for density hy-
drometers: Part 2 Methods
of test
and
revision )
use ( jirst
3 DENSITY-COMPOSITION TABLE FOR
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF HYDRO-
4XLORIC ACID ( TABLE 1)
3.1 Abbreviationn
For the purpose of this standard, the following
abbreviations shall apply:
Dt e Density of the aqueous solutions of
hydrochloric acid in ( kg/ml ) at a
temperature t.
8
= Mass in grams of hydrochloric acid in
100 g@ams of the aqueous solution.
G
= Mass in grams of hydrochloric acid in
one litre of the aqueous solution at
temperature t.
3.2 The table gives the values OC g and G for
densities of hydrochloric acid solutions at various
temperatures between 0 and 40C.
3.3 Table 1 has been so prepared that the den-
sity Dt increases by steps of 1 kg/m* and the
corresponding values of g and G have been for
each 5C over the range 0 to 40C.
3.4 Corrections to be applied
racy are given in Annex A.
3.5 Examples of the use of
position tables in conjunction
are given in Annex B.
for greater accu-
the density-com-
with hydrometers
3.6
Determinitlon of D, from Table 1
The method of obtaining density of solutions
of hydrochloric acid of known strength is given
in Annex C.
3.7 Choice
of Hydrometera
Recommendations as to the choice of suitable
hydrometers for use in conjunction with these
tables are
visual rea
%
iven in Annex D. To avoid error in
ing of the scales of the hydrometers
and to apply the corrections given in Annex A
with best advantage, density hydrometers shall
be used in overtlow vessels as recommended in
IS 3104 ( Part 2 )
:
1082.
1
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Table 1 Density - Composition
Table for Aqueous Solutions of HydrochloricAcid (Ckuses
3,3.3,3.6,
B-1.1, B-34 C-l.1 and C-2 . 11
r
T
r l
c
15' C
2OC 25C
0.8 1 8
1-o , 10
3OC
35-c
40C
C
t
_-
.-
-
-
D,
i3
G
g
G G
g
G
g
-
G
g
G
R
G
D,
1000
1001
1002
09
0.2
04
0.0 0.1 1
0.2
2
0.3 3
2 0.2
2
0.3 3
0.4
4
0.5
5
4
04 4 0.5 5 0.6
6
0.8 8
-
D.9
1-l
1.3
-
9
1.2
11
1.4
13
1.6
12
1.6
16
14
1.8
18
16
2.0
20
--
1000
1001
1002
1003
0.6
6
0.6 6 07 7 08
8
19 10 1.2
12
1004 Q8 8
08
8
O-8
8 1.0
10
F2 12
1.4 14
1005
1.0
10
1.0 10
1.0
10
1-2 12
l -4 14
1.6 16
1-5
15
1.8
18
2.2
22
1.7
17
2.1
21
2.4
24
1.9
19
2.3
23
2.6
26
1003
1004
1005
1008
1-l 12
1.2 12 1.2
12 14
14
1.6 16
1.8
18
2.1
21
2. 5 2i l
2.8
29
100s
1007 1.3 13
1.4 14 1.4 14 1.6
16
1.8
18
2.0 20
2.3
23
2.7
27 3.1
31
1007
1008
1*5
15
l-5 16 1.6 16
1.8
18
2-o 20 2.2
22
2.5
25
2.9
29
3. 3.
33
1008
1009
1.7
17
1.7 18 1.8 18
2.0
20
2.2
22
2.4 24
2.7
28
3.1
31
3.5
35
1009
1010
1.9
19
1.9 19 2.0
20 2.2
22
2.4
24
2.6 27
2.9
30
3.3 33
3.7
37
1010
1011
2.1
21
2.1 21 2-2 22
24
24
2.6
26 2.8
29
3.1
32
3.5
35
3.9
39
1011
1012
2.3
23
2.3 23 2.4 24
26
26
2.8 28
3.0 31
3.3 34 3.7 38
4.1
41
1012
1013
2.5
25
2.5 25 2.6 26
2.8
28
3.0
30 3.2
33
3.6
36
3.9 40 4.3
43
1013
1014
2.6
27
2.7 27 2.8 28
39
30
3.2
32
3.4 35
3.8
38
4.1
42
4.5
46
1014
1015
2.8
1018
3.0
1017
3.2
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.0 30
3-2
32
3.4 34
3.6
37
4.0
40
4.3 44 4.7
48
1015
3.2
32 3.4
34
3.6
36 3.9
39
4.2
42
4.5
46 4. 9
50
1010
34 34
3.6
36
3.8
38 4.1 41
4.4
45
4.8
48
5.1
52
1017
4018
3.4
1019
3.6
1020
3.8
29
31
33
34
36
38
3.4
3.6
3.8
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
3.6 36 3.8
s6
4-o 40
3.8 38
4.0
40
4.2
43
4.0 40 4.2
42 4.4
45
43
4.6
47
5.0
51
5.4
54
1018
46
4.8
49 5.2 53
5.6
57
1019
48
5.0
51
5.4 55 5.8 59
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
I
3.9 I 40
4.1 j 42
4.3 , 44
I
4.5 ; 46
4.7 1 48
4.9 50
4.0
4.2
4-4
4.2 42 44
4.4 45 46
4.6 47
4.8
4.6 47
4.8
49
5-o
51
50
5.2
53
5.6
57
6.0
61
1021
52
5.4
55
5.8
59
6.2
63
W=
54
5.6
58
6.0
61
6.4
66
1023
46
4-8
50
1
4.8
5-O
5.2
49
51
53
--
50
5.2
54
44
47
49
51
53
55
5.2
53
5.4 55
5.6 58
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.7
5.9
56
5.8
60
6.2
64
6.6
68
1024
58
6.0
62 6.4 6E 6.8
70
1025
61
6.3 64 6.6
68
70
72
1028
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Table 1 Density - Composition lhble or Aqueous Solutions of Hydmddo$c Arid - Ccmtd
--
30-c
4oc
T
f
-_
G
0;
75
1027
77
1028
79
1029
77 7.9 81
79 8.1 84
82 8-3 86
7.4
76 7.7
80 8.1
64
8.5 68
7.6
78
7.9
82 8.3 86
8.7 90
7.8
81 8~1
84 8.5
86
9.0 93
8.0
83 8.4
87 8.8
91
9.2 95
8.2
85
8.6
89
90
93
9.4 97
8.4
87
8.8
91 9.2 55 9.6
99
97 9.8 102
LOO 10.0 104
102
10.2 106
9.2
96
9.6
100 LO.0 104 10.4
108
9.4
96 9.8
102
10.2 107
10.6 111
9.6
LO1
10.0
105 10.4 109 10.8
113
111 11.0 115
113 11.2
118
116 11.4
120
118 11.7 122
120
11.9
124
122
12.1.
127
125
12.3
l29
27 L2.5
131
i29
12.7
134
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1030
1037.
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1048
1050
lW1
T
r
T
C 10
C
20 c
SC
35-c
sc
4
G
g
G
g
G
g
G
ii
G
g
1027
5.1 52
5.2
53 5.4 55 5.6
57 5.8 60 6.1
1028
5.3 -54
5.4 55
5.5 57 5.8
59 6.0
62 6.3
1029 5.5 56
5.6 57
5.7 59
6.0
61 6.2
64 6.5
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1063
5.6 56
5.8 59
5.9 61
6.2 63
6.4
58 60
6.0 61
6.1 63
6.4
66 ,6.6
6.0 62
6.2 64
6.3
65 66
68 6.9
6.7
69 7.1
73
7.5
7.0
72
7.3
75
7.7
7.2
74 7.5
78 7.9
6.2 64
6.4
6-4 66
6.6
6.6 66
6.8
66
66
70
72
74
76
6.5 68
6.8 70
7.1
6.7 70
7.0 ,72
7.3
6.9 72 7.2 74
7.5
6.8
70
7.0
7.0 72
7.1
7.2 74
7.3
7.1
74 7.4
77
7.7
7.3
76 7.6 79
7.9
7.5 78 7.8
81
8.1
7.4
77
7.5 78
7.7
80 8.0
7.6 79
7.7 60
7.9
a3
8.2
7,8 81
7.9 82 8.1 85
8.4
8.3
8.5
8.7
8.6
89
9.0
93 9.4
8.8
92
9.2
95 9.6
9.0
94 44
98 98
7.9
83
8.1 85 8.3 87
8.6
8.1 85
8.3 87 8.5 89
8.8
8.3 87 8.5
89 8.7
91 9.0
8.9
9.1
9.3
8.5
8.7
8.9
9.1
9.3
9.5
9.7
9.8
10.0
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
104
106
--
8.7
8.9
9.1
9.3
9.5
9.7
9.9
10.1
10.3
91
93
95
97
99
102
104
106
106
8.9
9.1
9.3
93
95
98
100
102
104
106
108
111
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.5
9.7
9.9
10.1
10.3
10.5
9.8
10.0
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
83
85
87
90
92
94
96
96
101
103
105
107
109
112
114
9.5
9.7
9.9
10.1
10.3
10.5
10.7
10.9
11.1
66
68
71
73
75
77
79
82
84
86
86
90
93
95
97
99
102
104
106
108
111
113
115
117
9.9
10.1
10.3
10.5
10.7
10.9
11.1
11.3
11.5
-
G
-
g
-
G
83
65
67
6.5
6.7
6.9
-
65
s-s
69
7.1
71 7.3
la3 10.2
107
10.6
105
10.4
109 LO-8
LO7 10.6
111 11.0
110 10.8 114 A.2
112
11.0
116 11.5
114 11.2
118
.1.7
116
11.5
120 il.9
119
11.7
123
L2.1
121
11.9
125 b2.3
-
-
-
G
70
73
75
-
-
g
-
7.3
7.5
7.7
-
1
I
i
1
1
I
1
1
-
(COdWf)
8/11/2019 HCL Indian
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OC
4OC
f-4
8
G
g
G
1064
1066
1068
102 108
104
ll
107
113 11.0
116
lo4 110
10.6
lb .-
10-9
115
11.2
118
106 lu
1@8
114 11.1 117 114
120
1067
1w
tw
108 114
119 116 11.3 119 116
I22
llQ 116
11.2
119 11.5 121 11.8
I.25
lla 118 114 121 11.7 124 12.0 l27
1W
1061
1062
114 l.20
11.6
Y.23 11.9 126 12.2 129
11.5 123
11.8
I.25 12.1 128 124 131
11.7 125
l2Q
127
12.3
130 126
133
1063
low
tw
ll.9
12-l
12.3
1zI
129
X51
12.2
124
12.5
129
132
134
tw
1067
1w
12-5
133 12.7
136 130 139
13-3
142
12.7 135
12.9
138 13.2
141 13.5
144
12.9 137
13-1 140
134
143 13.7
147
lW
1070
1071
13.1 140
13.3
142
13.6 145
13.9
149
13.2 142
13.5 144 13.8 148 14.1
151
134 144
13.7
147
14.0 150 14.3
153
1072
1073
1074
X5-6 146
13.9
149
14.2 152 14.5 155
13-E 146
14.1 151 14.4 154 14.7
158
14-o 150 14.2 153 14.6 1s 14.9 160
1075
14.2 152
14.4 155
1076 144 154
14.6
157
1077
14.5 157
14.8
160
10-78
14.7 159
15.0
162
1079
14-9
161
15.2
164
WE0
15.1
163
15.4
166
t
D,
1064
1W
1W
1067
1w
1w
1066
1061
1063
1W
1w
1w
1W
1067
106#
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1076
1076
1077
1078
1On
1w
11.9
12.1
12.3
12.5
12.7
12.9
16.1
16.3
165
139
142
144
166
169
171
173
176
178
g
11.7
11.9
12.1
12.3
12.5
12.7
15.9
16.1
16.3
16.5
16.7
16.9
-
G
-
g
G
g
G
g
G
-
123
12-l
125
12.3
128
12.5
127
129
132
-
12.5
12.7
12.9
132
134
136
-
12.9
13.1
13.3
136
138
140
130
12.7 134
132 12.9
136
134 13.1 138
13.1
13.3
13.5
138
141
143
13.5
13-j
li.9
143
145
147
137
139
141
13.3
13.5
13.7
141
143
145
13.7
13.9
14.1
145
;zz
14.1
14.3
14.5
150
152
154
143
13.9 148 14.3 152 14.7
157
146
14.1 150 14.5 155 14.9
159
148
14.3 152 14.7
157
15.1
161
150 14.5 154 14.9 159
15.3 164
152
14.7 157 15.1 161 15cl
166
155
14.9 159 15.3 164 15.8
168
157
15.1 161 15.5 166
16.0 171
159 15.3 164 15.7 169 16.2
173
162
15.5
166
16Q
171
16.4
175
164
15.7
168
16.2 173 16.6
178
166
15.9 171 16.4 176 16.8
180
168 16.1 173 16.6 178 17.0 162
171
16.3 175 16.8
173
l.6.5
78 17.0
175
16.7 180
17.2
178
16.9 182
17-4
180
17,l 185 17.6
182
17.3 187
17.8
180
183
185
187
189
192
17.2
17.4
17.6
17.8
18.0
18.2
185
187
189
192
194
197
g
G
B
12.4 132
12.8 136
12.6 l34 WQ
138
12.8
I.37
13.2 140
14.7
14.9
15.1
15.3
15.5
15.7
159
15.1 162
161
15.3
165
163 15.5
167
165
15.7 169
167
15.9
171
170
16.1
174
P
8/11/2019 HCL Indian
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i
r
)C
36C
35'C
0-c
4oC
5-c
5 c
1
1051
1052
1053
1054
1085
1055
1057
1055
1059
lo90
lo91
lo92
lo93
lo94
lo95
1096
lo97
1098
lo99
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
I
-
g
G
g
G
g
G
&?
G
8
G
g
g
-
G
-
i
g
G
g
G
1081
15.3
165 15.6 168
15.9
172
16.3
1082
15.5
167
15.8 170
16.1
174
16.5
1083
15.7
169
15.9
173
16.3
176
16.7
1
x
180
16.7 160 17.1
185
16.9
182 17.3
187
17.1
185 17.5
189
-
17.5
17.7
17-9
189
192
194
18.0
194
18.4
18.2 197 18.6
18.4 199
18.8
199
201
2o4
1084
1085
1085
15.8
172
16.1 175
16.5
179
16-9 183
17.3
187 17.7
192
18.1
196
18.6 201 19.0
16.0
174
16.3
177
16.7
181
17.1
165
17.5
189 17.9
194
18.3
199
18.8
204
19.2
16.2 176 16.5 179 16.9 183 17.2 187 17.6. 192 18.1 196 18.5 201 19.0 206 19.4
206
209
211
1087
16.4
178 16.7
181
17.1
165
17.4
190
17.8
194 18.3
193
18.7
203 19.2 208 19.6 213
1088
16.6
180
16.9
184
17.2
188
17.6 192
180
196
18.5
201 18.9
206
19.4
211
19.8
216
1089
16.8
163 17.1
186
17.4
190
17.8 194
18.2
199
18.7
203
19.1
208
19.6 213
20.0
2l8
1090
16.9
185
17.3 186
17.6
192
180 196
18.4
201
18.9 206
19.3
211
19.8 216
20.2 221
lo ?1
17.1
187 17.4
190
17.8
194
18.2 l 99
18.6
203 19.1
208
19.5
213 20.0
218 20.4
223
1092
17.3
189
17.6
193
18.0
197
18.4
201
18.8
206 19.3
210
19.7
215
20.2 220 20.7
226
1093
17.5
191
17.8
195
18.2
199
18.6
1094
17.7
193
18.0
197
18.4
201
18.8
1095
17.9
196
18.2 199
18.6
203
19.0
203
z
19.0
208 19.5 213
19.9
218 20.4
223 20.9
228
19.2 210
19.7
215 20.1 220
20.6 225 21.1
230
19.4
213 19.9
218
20.3
222
20.8 228
21.3
233
1096
18.0
198
18.4
201
18.8
206
19.2 2io
19.6 215
20.1
220 20.5 225
21.0
230
21.5
235
1097
18.2
200
18.6
204
19.0
208
19.4 213
19.8
217 20.3
222 20.7
227
21.2 232
21.7
238
1098
18.4
202
18.8
206
19.1
210
19.6 215
20.0
220 20.5
225
20.9
230 21.4 235
21.9
240
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
18.6
18.8
19.0
19.1
19.3
19.5
204
206
209
18.9
208
19.3
212
19.8
217
20.2 222
20.7
227
21.1
232
21.6
19.1
210
19Y5
215
20.0 219
20.4 224 20.8 229
21.3
234
21.8
19.3 213 19.7 217 20.1 222 20.6 227 21.0 232 21.5 237 22.0
224
2%
229
231
233
236
20.8
229 21.2
234 21.7 239 22.2
21.0
231
21.4
236
21.9
242
22.4
21.2
234
21.6
239
22.1 244 22.6
,
1
,
-
237
22.1 243
240 22-3
245
242 22.5 248
211
19.5
215 19.9
213
203
213 19.7
217
20.1
222
20.5
215 19.9
219
20.3
224
20.7
245
22.7
250
247
22.9 252
249
23.1
255
19.7 I 217 20.1
222
20.5
226
20-9
19.9 '2m
20.2
224
20.7
228
21.1
20.1 222
20.4
226
20.8
231
21.3
214
236 21.8
241 22.3
21.6
2.38 22.o
244
22.5
21.7
241 22.2
246
227
246
249
251
22.8
23c
23.2
252
254
257
23.3
23.5
23.7
257
260
262
-
-
-
-
(GmtinsW
1
-
8/11/2019 HCL Indian
11/20
IMe 1
Density - Composition Ihble for Aqueous Sohtion~ of HyWoric Acid - titd
T
T
T
C
T
C
10
c
15
c
--
4
g
G
6
G
g
G
g
1108
1109
1110
20.2 224
20.6
228
21.0
2o.4 226
20.8
231
21.2
20.6
229
21.0
233
21-4
233
21.5
238 21.9
243
22.4
248
22.9
254
23.4
259
23.9 265
235
21.7 240 22-l 246 22.6
251
23.1 256
23.6
262
24.1
267
236
21.9
243 22. 3
248 22.8 253
23.3 259
23 8
264
24.3
270
1111 20.8 231 21.2
235
21.6
240
22.1
245 22. 5
250 23.0 256
23.5
261
24.0
267
24.5
272
1111
1112
21.0
233
21.4
238
21.8 242
22.2 247
22. 7 253 23.2
256
23.7 263
24.2
269
24.7
275
1112
1113
21.1 235
21.6
240
22.0 245
22.4 250
22. 9 255
23.4 260
23.9 266
24-4
271
24.9
277
1113
1114
21.3
236
YJ1.7
242
22.2 247
22.6 252 23.1
257 23.6
263
24.1
266
24.6
274
25.1 280 1114
1115
21.5 240
21.3 244
22.4
249
22.8 254
23. 3 2&O
2F.8 265
24.3 271
24.8 276 25.3
282 1115
1116
21.7 242
22.1 247
22.5
252
23.0
257
23. 5
262
24.0 267
24.5
273
25.0 279 25.5
285
1116
1117
21.9 244 22.3
1118
22.1
247
22.5
1119
22.2
249
22-7
249
251
254
256
258
261
263
265
267
270
272
274
277
279
281
2m
286
288
22.7
254
23.2
259
23. 7
*z&9 256 234
261
23-9
23-l
255 236
264
24-l
iit
269
24.2 270
24.7
276
25.2 281 25.7 287 1117
24.4 272
24.9 278
25.4 284 25.9
290
1118
24.5 275
25.1
280
25.6 286
26.1 293
1119
1120
22.4 251 22.8
1121
22.6
253
23.0
1122
22.8 256
23.2
23.3
23.5
23.7
23.8 266 24- 3
272
24-7
m
25.3 283
25.8
289 264
295 1120
24.0 269 244
274 24.9 280
25.5 285
26.0
291 26.6 296
1121
24.1
271
24. 6
2'76 25.1 282
25.7
288
26.2
294 26.8
300
1122
1123
23.o
256
23.4
1124
23.1
260
23.6
1125
23.3
262 23.8
23.9
24.0
24.2
273
24-8
276 25- O
278
25. 2
285
25.9 290
26.4
296 27.0 3a3
1123
287
26.1
293
26.6
299 27.2
305
1124
269
26.3 295
26.8
302 274
308
1125
1126
23.5
265 24.0
1127
23.7
267 24.1
1128
23.9
269
24-3
24.4
24.6
24.8
254
25-6
25. 8
292
26.5 298
27.0
304 27.6
311
1126
294
26.7 300
27.2 307
ma 313
1127
297
26.9
303
27.4 309 28.0 316
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
24.1 272
24.5
24.2 274
24.7
24.4
276 24.9
24.6 279
25.1
24.8 281
25.2
25.0 283 25.4
25.0
25.2
254
25.5
25.7
25:9
261
263
2%
266
270
273
275
277
260
282
284
287
269
292
294
24.3
24.5
24.7
24.9
25.1
25.3
25.5
25.7
25.9
26.1
26.3
264
280
283
285
286
290
293
295
297
300
269
26-2
26. 4
279
281
264
286
289
291
294
296
298
301
303
306
25.3
25.5
25.7
25.9
26.1
26.3
26.5
26.7
26.9
27.1
27.3
27.5
299
302
304
27.1
it.5
306
27.6 312
28.2
308
27.8
315 284
311
28.0 317 28.6
319
321
324
327
329
332
1129
1130 /
1131 /
26-6
26-8
2w
307
27.7
313
309
27.9 316
312
Z i
318
28.2
28.4
28.7
-
320 28.8
322
29.1
325
29.3
I
1132 I
1133 '
1134
I
8/11/2019 HCL Indian
12/20
fhble 1 Density - Qmpositim fhble for Aqueous Sduliom
of ydmddark
Add - Car&f
r
I
c
SC
10 c
15
C
25
40-c
OC
35C0-c
D,
113s
1136
1137
1138
113s
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1146
1140
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1163
1154
1155
1156
1157
1168
1159
1160
1161
t
D,
--
113s
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1 41
1142
1143
1144
1146
1146
1147
1148
1149
1160
1151
1162
1153
1164
1166
G
g
g
G
8
G
g
G
g
-
G
291
26.1
296
26.6
293 26.3
299
26.8
295
26.5
301 27.0
7
302
305
307
n-2
214
276
308
311
313
315
317
320
28.3
28.5
28.7
321
324
326
298
26.7
304
27.2
310
276
316
28.3 322
28.9 329
300
26.9
306 27.4
312
280
318 28.5
325
29.1 331
303 27.1
309
276
315
28.2 321
28.7 327
29.3 334
26.3
300
26.8
305
27.3
311 27.8
26.4
302 26.9
308
27.5
313
289
26.6 304 27.1
310
27.6
316
28.2
317
320
322
325
321
330
332
335
337
340
343
345
348
350
353
356
358
361
363
366
369
284
286
20.8
290
29.2
294
29.6
29.7
29.9
30-l
=3.
365
30.7
309
31.1
31.3
3lc.l
31.7
31.9
32.1
32.3
3 24
326
329
331
334
336
339
342
344
347
349
352
354
357
360
362
365
368
370
373
375
28.9
29.1.
29.3
330
332
335
29.5
29.7
29.9
337
339
342
26.8 307 27.3
313 27.8
318
28.4
27.0
309
27.5
315
28-O
321
28.6
27.2 311
27.7
317 28.2
324
28.8
29.5
29.7
29.9
338
340
34;
30.1
30.3
30-5
344
347
350
27.4
314 27.9
320
28.4
326
29.0
27.5 316
28.1
322
28.6
329
29.2
27.7
319 28.3
325
28.8
331
29.4
30.1
30.3
30.5
345
348
351
30.7
30.9
31.1
352
365
358
27.9 321
28.4
327
29.0
334
296
28.1
323 28.6
330
29.2
336
29.8
28.3
326 28.8
332
29.4
339
300
30.7
30.9
31.1
353
356
359
31.3
31.5
31.7
360
363
366
29.0
334
29*6
341
30.2
29.2
337 29.8
344
30.4
29.4
339
30-O
347 306
31.3 361 31.9 368
31.5
364
32.1 371
31.7
366
32.4 374
29.6 342 30-2 349 30.8
29.8
344
30.4
352
31.0
29.9
347 30.6
354 31.2
31.9 369 32.6 376
32.1
372
32.8 379
32.3 375
33.0 382
30-8
357
31.4
31.0
360
31.6
31.2
362
31.8
$2.6 377
33.2
32.8 380
33.4
33.0 383
33.6
-
384
387
390
-
--
G
28
i30
i33
35
i38
i41
-
-
R
-
9-s
9.7
9.9
g
G
G
286
288
290
293
295
297
328
331
333
335
338
340
343
345
348
g
I
25.2
25.3
25.5
25.7
25.9
26.1
28.5
28.7
28.8
29.0
29.2
29.4
29.6
29.8
29.9
25.6
25.8
26.0
26&
26.4
26.6
8*9
9*1
9.3
t9.5
z9.7
B9
L
8/11/2019 HCL Indian
13/20
Table 1 Density - Composition Table for &WOW Sdutims of Hy~chioh Acid - Cimtd
co
I
OC
5
c
1O C 15C
20C
25C
3O OC
35' c
40-c
I
D,
R
G
R
G
g
G
g
G
g
GgGgGgGgG
D,
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1. 4 365 32.0 371 32-5 378 33.2 385 33.8 393 1162
31.6 368 32.2 374 32-a 381 33.4 388 34-o 396 1163
31- a ) 370 32.4 377 33. 0 384 33.6 391 34. 2 398 1164
32. 0 / 373 . 32.6 379 33.2 386 33.8 394 34.4 401 1165
32. 2
1
375 32.8 382 33.4 389 34. 0 396 34.6 404 1166
32.4 ( 378 33.0 385 33.6 392 34.2 399 34.8 407 1167
32- 6 j 381 33.2 388 33-a 394 34-4 402 35-l 410 1168
32- a 1 383 33.4 390 34-o 397 34-6 405 35.3 412 1169
33. 0 386 33.6 393 34.2 400 34-a 408 35.5 415 1170
33.2 389 33.8 396 34-4 403 35.0 410 35-7 418 1171
33.4 391 34.0 398 34.6 405 35-2 413 35.9 421 1172
33. 6
1
394 34.2 401 34-a 408 35.5 416 36.1 424 1173
33. 8 397 1174
34. 0
(
(
400
;4 6 ;I ;I ; 4l ; El ' 9 g E 42;
1175
34.2 402 34.8 409 35.4 ' 16 - . 38'1 424 36.8 432 1176
34.4 405 35.0
,
412 35.6 419 36.3 427 37.0 435 1177
34.6 408 35.2 415 35.8 422 36.5 430 37.2 438 l l rn
34. 8
1
410 35.4 417 36.0 425 36.7 433 37.4 441 1179
i i i I
1
413 35.6 / 420 36.2 428 36.9 436 37.6 444 1180
416 35.8 / 423 36.4 430 37-2 439 37.9 447 1181
35. 4 418 36.0 I 426 36.6 433 37-4 442 30-1 450 1182
35. 6
/
421 36.2 429 36.8 436 37.6 445 -1183~
35. 8 j 424 36.4 431 37.1 439 37-a 448 1184
36. 0
i 427 36. 6 434
37.3 442 38.0 450 1185
I
36.2 429 36.8 437 37.5 444 38.2 453 1186
36. 4
j
4%
37. 0
440 37.7 447 38.4 456 1197
36. 6 / 435 37. 3 443
37.9 450 38. 7 459
1
I
1188
8/11/2019 HCL Indian
14/20
35 c
I
4C
1189
1190
1191
1192
11g
1181
1196
1198
1197
1198
ll I9
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1206
I
D,
G
G
g
38.7
39-o
39.2
39.4
39.6
39.8
40-O
G
G
G
G
36.8
37-o
37.2
438
440
443
37.4
446
37.6
449
37.8
452
38-o
38-2
38.5
38-7
38.9
39-l
39.3
39.5
39-7
40.0
40-2
455
457
460
463
466
469
472
475
478
481
464
K
R
g
37.5
37.7
37.9
38-l
38.3
38.5
36.7
38-9
39.1
39.3
395
39.8
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1196
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
445
448
451
454
457
460
462
465
468
471
474
477
463
456
459
462
465
468
470
473
476
480
8/11/2019 HCL Indian
15/20
IS 12845:1 m
ANNEX A
(
Clauses
3.4
and 3.7 )
CORRECTIONS OF READINGS TAKEN BY HYDROMETERS
A-l CORRECTIONS TO BE APPLIED FOR
GREATER ACCURACY
A-l.1 Where greater accurafy is necessary, the
following additional correctlons are applied for:
a) the scale error of the hydrometer,
b) the difference between the temperature of
the liquid and the standald temperature
of the hydrometer, and
c) the difference between the surface tension
of the liquid and that for which the
hydrometer is adjusted.
A-1.1.1 Corrections for Scale Errors
The maximum permissible scale errors allowed
on hydrometers appropriate for hydrochloric
acid are given in Table 2.
A-1.1.2 Temperature Corrections
When the hydrometer reading is taken at a
temperature t other than the standard tempera-
ture ts ( 27X, 20 or 15C ), the reading is
in error due to the difference in the volume of
the hydrometer between
ts
and 1.
A-1.1.2.1 Appropriate corrections for making
allowance for this temperature effect are given
in Table 3. Density hydrometers corrected in
accordance with Table 3 give the density Dt of
the liquid at
t.
A-1.1.3
Surface Tension Correction
These corrections are applied on a hydrometer
reading taken in an overflow vessel so as to
ensure that the surface of the liquid is truly
clean.
Table 2
Indian Standard Hydrometers for Use in Aqueous Solutions of Nitric Acid
(
Clauses
A-1.1.1
and
D-l.1 )
Sertnrd
Interval
Equivalent
Covered by
of One Sub-
Scale Length
Number of Pergti:$ble Overall
( Nominal
Bolb
Scale
Category
Indioidanl
Division
Le;;;h )
Division E&or
Length
Diameter
Hydrometers
Max w-- ,
Max
Min
r-_A_-y r---h-, e-7
Max
g/ml ) ( kg/m ) ( g/ml ) ( kglmr ) (mm) ( kg/m) (mm) mm)
L 20 o-020
20 owe 2
02
105
10
-+
0.2 335
36 40
L so o-050
50 04005
0.5 125
100
f 0.5 335
23 27
M 50 O-050
50 0401
1 70
50
-f I.0 270
20 24
Ml00 0.100
100 o-002
2 85
50
& 2.0 250
18 20
s 50 0050
50 0402
2 50
25
f 2.0 190
18 20
NOTE - The
letters L. M and S stand for Long, Medium. and Short
associated with each of them indicate the difference between the two extreme
respectively and the numbers
hydrometer of the particular series concerned.
graduations of the scale of each
-,
SI No.
Table 3 Temperature Correctioas for Density Hydrometers
(Clauses A-1.1.2.1 and A-1.1.3.4 )
Standard Temperature 1, of Hydrometer
Hydrometer Reading at Temperature z
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
P- --
27C
-
17
22
27
32
31
42
-
-
__-____--A.------w--4--
20C
15C
-
Temperature ( PC ) of liquid
-
5
1
5
15
10
20 15
25
20
30 25
35 30
40
35
-
40
----.-__*-_._-_-~
1 000
1200
Correction ( 0.1 kg ms )
+5
+6
$4
$5
$3
+3
+I
+2
0
0
-1
-2
-3
-3
-4
-5
-5
-6
-_ 6
-8
NOTES
1 When the sign is positive, the correction is to be added to the hydrometer reading and when negative it is
lo be subtracted from it.
2 This table is based on the value 2.5 X IO- Per C for the coefficient of cllbical expansion of the
hydrometer.
1
8/11/2019 HCL Indian
16/20
A-1.1.3.1 When the highest accuracy is required,
hydrometer adjusted for the high surface
tension value 75 mN/m shall be used.
A-1.1.3.2 In cases where no special precautions
are taken for obtaining a clean acid surface, the
surface tension of aqueous solutions is usually
less than the surface tension value for clean
s urfaces. Also, since the value depends to a
large extent on the degree of contamination of
the surface, the effective surface tension is erra-
tic. Hence when using ordinary hydrometer
jars without overflow, it is not possible to assign
a reliable value to the surface tension of the acid
solutions without measuring it. Under these
conditions surface tension corrections are usually
ignored.
It may, however, be assumed that
under ordinary conditions of cleanliness, the
values lie between 40 mN/m and 70 mN/m.
It
is, therefore, appropriate .to use a hydrometer
adjusted for 55 mN/m. The error then intro-
duced by ignoring surface tension is unlikely to
exceed values given in Table 4.
A-1.1.3.3 It is of interest to examine the overall
effect of ignoring corrections under A-1.1, A-l.1 2
and A-1.1.3 when
using hydrometers adjusted
for the medium surface tension value. In
Table 5, the hydrometers are assumed to be
floating in hydrochloric acid solutions of density
tween 1000 and 1 150 kg/ma at a temperature
b48.
i ering by flOC from the standard tempera-
ture of the hydrometer.
A-1.1.3.4
Application of hydrometer correc-
tions:
Example:
Hydrometer used: Densitv hydrometer Z
50 range 1 100 to 1 150 kg/mi at 20C adjusted
for 75 mN/m, ascertained scale error
-t-O5 kg/m*.
Temperature of acid solution 27C
Uncorrected hydrometer read-
ing using overflow technique
1 1060 kg/ml
Corrections:
For scale error
For temnerature ( from
-05 kg/m8
Table-3 )
For surface tension
( from Table 6 )
Then density of acid
solution at 27C
From Table 1 a
-02 kg/m8
-01 kg/ma
------
1 105.2 kg/ma
solution
of densit
1 105 kg/m* at 27C contains 220 g d
hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solutior
and one litre of solution. contains 243 g oi
hydrochloric acid.
Had the corrections of scale error, tempera.
ture and surface tension been ignored the
values would have been 222 g and 246 g,
respectively.
Table 4 Maximttm Errors Introdaced by Ignoring Sorf8ce Tension when Reading Den&y
liydrometen, Adjosted for 55 mN/m, in Aqueous Solotions of Hydrochloric Acid
in 80 Ordiarry Hydrometer J 8r Maximum Error ( kg/m* )
( Clause A-1.1.3.2 )
Sl No.
Dcnrihr f theAcid Solution
DcnrltyHydrometers AdJ usted for 55 mN/m
-__.-_ -
,----___-----___--__,
ktdm*
L 20
L 50 M so
Ml00
S50
i)
looo-1200
*:2
* 0.4 fo.7
f 1.1 fV9
NOTE - The letters
L, b-2
nd S stand for *Long*,
Medium. and Short respectively and tho numbers
arrociated with
each of them indicate the difference between the two sxtroma graduations of the scale Of each
hydrometer of tbc particular series concerned.
?8bie 5 Mttximttm Error@Due to Omirsiott of 8ii Corrections to Density
Hydrometers Adjusted for 55 pN/m
( Clause A-1.1.3.3 )
Series and Range Category
L 20 L 50 M 50 Ml00 S50
Value of 1 sub-division
0.2
0.5 1.0 2.0
2.0
( kg/m* 1
kg/m*
a)
Maximum permissible scale correctioor
f 0.2
* 0.5
f 10
f 2.0
f 2-o
b) Ml;;T;rn temperature corrections for
f 0.3
f 0.3
f 0.3
f 03
f 0.3
c) Maximum estimated surface tenrion
correction
f 0.2
f 0.4 f 0.7 If 1.1
f 0.9
Maximum value of total correctlonl
f O-7
-+ 1.2 * 2.0
f 3.4 f 3.2
Error in grams in determined strength of OolutiOnOf density 1 100 kg/m* at 30C
(
213 g hydrochloric acid per
100 g Of aolutlon or 234 g hydrochloric acid per 1 Htre of solution ) corrcapondmg to total corrections above.
I
wcl in 100 g of lolutlon
f 092
f 0.2 I o-4 f 0.7
f 0.6
HC1 n 1
itrc
of olutlOn
f2
f3 *5
18
f8
N3Ta -
The lsttsrc L,
M
md S rtand for Long, Medium, and Short rerpeotlvely and the numberl
ga oc{gted with
rach
of them indicate tho difforettce between the two extreme tgrrduations of the ,cgle of
@rob ydrom@terf the particular eric8 coaceroed.
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1812865:1#19
Tsbie
6
Surface
Teedon
Corrections for Indian Standard Density Hydrometers AdJarbd
for High Surface Tensioo Value When Used in Aqoeoos Solutions of Hydrochloric
Acid Having Trsly Clean
Sorface ( Correction in 01
kg/ma )
( Chwe A-1.1.3.4)
3 1 No. Daarily of Solath at
Indian Standard Hydrometers Adjusted for the High Sorface Teasion 75 mN/m
r---------- ~-h----__------,____
27C ( kg/m*
1
L2O
L so
M 50
M 100/S 50
0
loo0 0 0
0 0
ii)
1 100 -1 -1
-2 -5
iii)
1200 -1 -2
-4 -5
NOTES
1 The letters L, M and S staad,for Long.
Medium, and Short respectively and the numbers associated
with each of them indicate the difference between the two extreme graduations of the scale of each bydro-
meter of the particular series concerned.
2 The sign being negative. the correction is IO be subtracted from the hydrometer reading.
ANNEX B
( Chse 3.5 )
USE OF DENSITY-COMPOSfTION TABLES
B-1 TO DETERMINE THE STRENGTH OF
AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF HYDRO-
CHLORIC
ACID
El.1
Suppose that the temperature of the solu-
tion is TSC and the density at that temperature
is 1 086 kg/ms.
Then in Table
1 UI
3er the tem-
perature 25C and opposite Dt =
1
OS? will be
found g - lg.1 and G = 196, indicatmg that
the solution contains 181 grams of hydrochloric
acid in 100 g of solution and 196 g of hydro-
chlyic acid in one litre of solution at 25C.
B-2 TO MAKE UP A SOLUTION CONTAIN-
ING 2043 g OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN
THE
100
GRAMS OF SOLUTION
B-2.1
In Table 1 under t - 20C the value of
t orresponding to g
= 208 g is 1 102 kg/m.
Water should therefore be mixed with a more
tincentrated solution of hydrochloric acid, in
-small portions with thorough mixing and avoid-
ance of an undue rise in temperature, the density
of the diluted acid solution being checked with
a hydrometer during the dilution until the
Hydrometer indicates that the density is appro-
aching 1 102 kg/m*.
At this stage and before
making the final adjustment, the temperature of
the solution is taken.
Suppose it is 25C, then
from Table I the value of Dt corresponding to
g
= 208 in the column headed 25C is
1 100 kg/ma.
The solution at 25C should,
therefore, be adjusted so that a hydrometer
indicates that its density is 1 100 kg/m*. The
solution thus obtained will contain 208 g of
hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solution.
B-3 TO MAKE UP A SOLUTIOti CONTAIN-
ING 218 g OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN
1 LITRE OF SOLUTION AT 25C
B-3.1
From Table 1 under the heading 25C, we
find that a solution containing 218 g of hydro-
chloric acid per litre has 199 g of hydrochloric
acid per 100 g of solution.
Therefore the
required solution is made up as in B-2 using
g = 199.
DETERMINATION
ANNEX C
( Chuse 3.6 )
OF DENSITY Dt ) AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES
C-l DETERMINATION OF Dt FROM THE
C-2 DETERMINATION
OF
Dt
FROM THE
VALUE OF g
VALUE OF G
C-l.1 Consider a solution containing 15 g of
hydrochloric acid in 100 g of solution, that is,
C-2.1 The percentage composition g of a solu-
one for which g
= 15.
By looki 7g up the value
tion is independent of its temperature, but G,
the number of grams of hydrochloric acid in 1
of Dt corresponding to the value g = 15 under
any particular temperature in Table 1 the density
litre of solution, varies with the temperature of
of the solution at that temperature can be
the solution owing to the change in volume of
obtained. Thus, for example, the density of
the solution with change in temperature.
Hence,
the solution is I 076 kg/m8 at 10% and 1 072
the concentration G must always be associated
with a particular temperature.
kg/m* at 20C.
For a given
value of G applicable at a particular tempera-
12
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IS 12845 : 1989
ture, Table 1 can be used to obtain the density
of the solution at the specified temperature or at
any other temperature within the range of the
table.
The value of G for the solution at tem-
peratures other than the specified one can also
be obtained. For example, consider a solution
containing 298 g of hydrochloric acid per litre
at 20C. Under 20C in Table 1 the value of
I& corresponding to G = 298 is 1 131 kg/ma and
the corresponding value of g is 264. By tracing
the value g = 264 through the Table 1, and
interpolating where necessary, the density
t
at
various temperatures of the solution containing
,298 g of hydrochloric acid in 1 litre of solution
at 20C can be obtained and also the number
of grams of hydrochloric acid in 1 litre of the
solution at various temperatures. Examples of
the values which may thus
bs
obtained are given
in Table 7.
Table 7
Values of G of a Solution at
Different Temperatures
( Clause C-2 )
PC
Grams
(g)
of Density (Ot) of
Grams (G)
of
HCI
in 100 g
Solution
of
HCI in 1 Litre
of Solution
kg/m at PC
of Solutioa
at PC
264 1
142 302
10
26.4
300
z:
26.46.4 1
::t26 298
40
26.4 1
120 it
ANNEX D
( Clauses 3.7.and
A-1.1.1 )
CHOICE OF HYDROMETERS
D l
INDIAN
STANDARD HYDRO.VETERS
;:tXL;;E 1N CONJUNCTION WITH THE
D l.1 Indian Standard specifications for density
hydrometers IS 3104 ( Parts 1 and 2 )
:
1982
affords a wide choice of density hydrometers
suitable for use in aqueous solution of hydro-
chloric acid. They may have scales of density
at 27C, 20C and 15C. The choice of the
hydrometer series will depend on the accuracy
required and the amount of solution available.
Table
2
gives the essential features of the varjous
series of hydrometers suitable for aqueous
solutions.
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Bureau of Indi an
Standards Act 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced
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Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to
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the Bureau of Indian Standards.
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20/20
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Bureau of I ndi an St andar ds Act , 1986
to
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harmonious development of the activities of standardization,
marking and quality certification of
goods and attending to connected matters in the country.
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BIS has the copyright of all its publications.
No part of these publications may be reproduced in
any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS.
This does not preclude the free use, in
the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details,
such as symbols and sizes, type or
grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publication ), BIS.
Revision of Indian Standards
Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any,
are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in
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Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent
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:
Dot : No. CDC 1 ( 9403 )
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue
Text Affected
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