Howarth howdy Bouis: It’s More than Just Calories
Economist : IFPRI
Research : diets of poor households and nutritional outcomes in Asia
Emphasis: differences in diets between the rich and the poor : level of non-staple food consumption
Conclusion : mineral and vitamin deficiencies-the main constraints to better nutrition - to healthy and
economically productive lives.
Questions
• What if we could make plants to do some of the work for us? / what if we could produce a new variety of seed that was higher in, say, iron or zinc?– No extra taste or color for extra iron and zinc: intake
will increase. Farmers will produce more nutritious staple food
• what if plants needed minerals for their nutrition as much as humans do?– Better start and yields were higher
INITIATIVES…..1
99
4 “USAID funded meeting in Maryland”
Discussion: launching a project to breed for high minerals and vitamins: CGIAR micronutrient project
Hope: 5 donors- $1 million each
Only one Donor DANIDA: $3,30,000 per year for 1995-97
19
94
-98
Germplasm screening: high nutrient breeding parents
Robin’s effort : ACIAR raised some fund
Demonstrated feasibility of conventional breeding to develop high yielding high nutrient varieties
No other funding agencies
SLOW ADVANCEMENTS….
19
99
GROWTH…….
2nd CGIAR meeting at IRRI
Plant scientists, nutritionists, social scientists and donors
ADB came forward with funding of $2 million over 2001-2002 – for rice
19
99
-20
00
DANIDA continued funding: smaller bean, cassava, maize and wheat
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT……2
00
1Meeting at CIAT to convince BMGF and MI for funding
In the meeting Steeve Beebe coined the term Biofortification
MI: dissemination project of high provitA orange sweet potato in mozambique
20
02 Biofortification challenge program (BCP) proposal
selected for fast implementation: CIAT & IFPRI
CGIAR general meeting (Manila) approved the proposal
20
03
BMGF signed 50% of funding
THE BREAKTHROUGH & DEVELOPMENT
Phase 1 (2003-2008)
•Discovery stage•Mid 2003-BCP changed to HARVEST PLUS•Identified target population-proofs for the feasibility of biofortification
Phase 2 (2003-2013)
•Breeding the first wave of biofortified crops completed and approved by National varietal release committees•Nutritional efficacy trials•Delivery plans developed
Phase 3 (2014-2018)
• Would concentrate on delivery and scaling up biofortified crops
DEVELOPMENT TILL NOW…
Along with phase 1 and 2, harvest plus sponsored country programs
Brazil
China
India
Aim: coordination of national institutes and government to fund and coordinate biofortification activities
MISSION
Vision: World free of hidden hunger
Mission: develop and scale up the delivery of biofortified nutritious crops around the world, so that every child, woman, and man who needs them can have access
Goal : reach 15 million farming households-100 million people-with biofortified nutritious foods by 2020
• Staffs based on CIAT and IFPRI
• Posted in several countries
• Chief executive officer: Beverley Postma
Harvest plus People
governance•Harvest Plus: joint venture -CIAT and IFPRI•Boards of Trustees of CIAT and IFPRI: Program Advisory Committee (PAC)-Board of Trustees for Harvest Plus.•The PAC :2 Directors-General of CIAT and IFPRI•1 Board member each from the Boards of Trustees of CIAT and IFPRI•Experts from developing and developed countries, covering a range of disciplines.
Peter McPherson
PAC CHAIR
Fe deficiency – During childhood and adolescence-impairs mental development and learning capacity
– Adults : reduce ability to do physical labor• Women : increase
risk of death during child birth
Triumvirate for Good Health Fe, Zn & Vit A
Zn deficiency – necessary component of more than 200 enzyme systems
– Affect normal growth and development, the maintenance of body tissues, sexual function, vision, and the immune system
Triumvirate for Good Health Fe, Zn & Vit A
Vit A deficiency– Vit A for good vision and cell
differentiation
– Deficiency : growth retardation, damage to mucous membrane tracts, reproductive disorders, eye damage—and ultimately blindness
– Children : deficiency in multiple micronutrients- anemic, impaired growth, increased disease infection
– Pregnant women- increased risk of mortality
Triumvirate for Good Health Fe, Zn & Vit A
Target breeding level
• Targets were set such that, for preschool children 4–6 years old and for non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age
• Iron beans and iron pearl millet - 60 % of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
• Zinc wheat and zinc rice - 60–80 % EAR
• Provitamin A rich yellow cassava and orange maize-50 % EAR
• Orange sweet potato (OSP)- 100% EAR
The challenge in biofortification is putting together all of the pieces of the puzzle to create a
micronutrient-rich crop that is acceptable to both farmers and consumers
MARKETING
• marketing principles, creativity, insights (research),and strategic partnerships (external and internal) to generate demand and create large-scale awareness of biofortified crops
Community Nutrition Outreach Program
Music Concerts
Film
Endorsements by Community Leaders
Harvest plus INDIA• Iron Pearl Millet
– Nutritional Benefits: Provides up to 80% of daily iron needs
– Farmer Benefits: High yielding, mildew resistant, short duration, drought tolerant
– Varieties: ICTP 8203-Fe-10-2 (Dhanashakti), ICMH 1201 (Shakti-1201)
• Zinc Wheat– Nutritional Benefits: Provides up to 50% of daily zinc
needs– Farmer Benefits: High yielding, adapted to the target area
of eastern gangetic plains, disease resistant– Varieties: BHU-3, BHU-6 (Chitra)
Harvest plus INDIA
• These crops : HarvestPlus +ICRISAT+CIMMYT
• 70% of Indian children under 5 are estimated to be iron deficient (DHS).
• 48% of Indian children under 5 are estimated to be zinc deficient (WHO).
• Annually, India loses over $12 billion in GDP to vitamin and mineral deficiencies (World Bank).
Remove hidden hunger by 2030
Concept of biofortification
Turning idea into a global movement
Director of HarvestPlus
In NEWS…..
February 1, 2017
2017 LAUNCH Food InnovatorZinc Eaten at Levels Found in
Biofortified Crops Reduces DNA ‘Wear and Tear’Zyba et al (2016)
Taking Vitamin A
Orange Maize
to Zambian Schoolchildren
November 23, 2016
TIME The 25 Best Inventions
of 2016-Orange Sweet Potato
Vitamin A Orange Maize Improves Night Vision
Palmer et al (2016)
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