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UNIVERsITYF
WOLVERHAMPTON
eorninq
lnformoion
Services
Harvard
Style
Referencing
2008
What s a Reference ?
A reference
is a detailed desffiption
of any document rom which
you
have aken
information, .g.
a complete ook,a
chapteriom it, or ajoumal or newspaper
article.
What
s
Citing ?
Citing
a reference
s
the
actofrecording
t. This s
don
n two ways:
l. By
putting
a b efentry
for each source n the text ofyour
work.
2. By listing all
your
sources
n full, at the end ofyour work.
The
Harvard System s one of
sveralavailable
methodsofreferencing
and is the
preferredchoic ofmost departrnentsn the
University.
Hovr'ever,
ou
should
check with
your
lecfurerswhich system
your
course
requires efore
1ou
do
your
irst assignmenl.
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The Reference ist-
Physical tems
GeneralDractice
Listall authorsunless
our
School
specifically aysdifferenUy. hen
an itemcontains
nlyone
title, he itle
goes
n italics.When
he tem s one of several
nsidea larger tem,
e.g. an artjcle n
a
journal,
a
chapter n an editedbook,a
paper
at a conference,
se talics or
the argerwork.
A bibliography istsworks or background
r
further
eading, hese
may be bookswhich
you
read
as
part
of
your
research, ut whichwere
not actually ited.
References istsspeci{ic
works hat
you
cited n
your
work.
Singleand multipleauthorbooks
Arya,C.
(2003)
Design
of structural lements. nd ed. London:
Spon Press.
Nestler,E.J.,Hyman,E.S.and Malenka,R.C.
2001)
Molecular europharmacology:
foundation
for clinical euroscierce.New
York;McGraw-Hill.
Only eferencehe edition f
it is a second or lateredition
Editedbook
Loftus, .
(ed.) 1999)
Project
management f multiple
projects
nd contracts. ondon:
Thomas
TelfordLtd.
ChaDter rom an edited book
Whittaker, .A.
1990)
Dictionaries.
n Lea, P.W.and Day,A.
(eds.)
Prlnted
cferencemateial
London: ibraryAssociation
ublishing,
p.'11-23.
Please ote:
lJse
ed.)
or one editor
or
(eds.)
or two or moreeditors
Journalarticle
Bowlin,W.F.,
Renner, .J., ndRives/ .M.
2003)
DEA
study f
gender
quityn executive
compensation.
ournalof the Operational esearchSociety,
4(7),
pp.751-7
{i
-.
\.,,.J,
Conferenceproceedings completeset) .r
IEEEComputerSociety,Technical
Committee n SoftwareEngineering
nd
nstltute f Electrical
and
Electronic ngineers 1991)
Proceedngs: onlerence
n softwaremaintenance,
991,
October
15-17,
1997,Sorrento,taly.LosAlamitos
California):
EEEComputer
SocietyPress.
8/10/2019 Harvard Referencing 1
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A single
conference
paper
rom
the above
Balow, .
(1991)
Maintenance
roductivity
case tudy.
n IEEE
Computer
ociety,
echnical
Committee
n
SoftwareEngineering
nd
Institute
f Electrjcal
nd Electronic
ngi;eers
Proceedings:
onference
n
softwaremaintenance,
991,October
1517,
1gg1,
Sonento,
taly.
LosAlamitos California):
EEE
Computer
Society
ress,
pp.2SO-253.
Government
r
OfficialPublication
Department
or Education
nd skills.
(2oos)
Higher
standards,
etterschoo/s
o
a
,
more
choice
for
parents
nd
pupil.
Cm. 6677.
London: he
Stationerv
Office.
Thesis
Saxton,
. M.
(1994)
Exercise
nduced
damage o
human
skeletalmuscle.
h.D.
Thesis,
University
of
Wolverhampton.
Film
including
ideo
and DVD ecordings)
Macbeth. 1948)
Film.Directed
y Orson
Welles.
USA,Republic
ictures.
Location
f 3Smm
viewing
opy: ondon:
ationalf i lm
rchive.
Riverdance
the show. 1995)
Video
ape.Directed
y
JohnMccolgan.
reland:
Tyrone
Productions.
he
original ast,
taringMichael
la
ey.Available
s
commercially
ublished
HS
video
VC6494.
l l lustration
Gosse,
S.
(1912)
The
garden,
Rowlandson
House.Etching
nd
aquatint.
t London:
British
Museum,
Department
f Prints
and Drawings.
Register
umbet
19152741.
Map
Ordnance
Survey.
2000\
Tefford,
ronbridge
nd The
Wrekin,
heel242,1
25,000
Explorer
Series. outhampton:
rdnance urve,.
Printed
Music
Nlozart,
WA.
(no
date)Don Glovanni:
n opera,
n lwo
acts.MacFaren,
N. translator.
ondon:
Novello.
Recorded
Music
Grieg,
E.
('1989)
Gieg: Peer
cynt suites.
Bertin
philharmonic
Orchestra,
onducted
y Herbert
von Karajan.
Hanover:
Deutsche
Grammophon,
umbet
4194742.
Compact
Disc.
Carey, vl.
2000)
Against
all odds. r
Westlife.
Coast o
coast Track
5. EU;
BMG
Entenainment
lnternationalK & lreland td, erial74321808312.ompact isc. Examplef oneartisteatured
in a work
primarily
y otherc.Note
hat he
naln ti e is
in talics.l
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Wolf:
Anon.
1997)
Theoising
amily ife
onlinel.
Wolverhampton:
niversity
f Wotverhampton
cited
12May20031. -lecture
:2:Problem
fstudyingamily
iving. - lecture. Nilodule
L331O,
course eader: on Bernardes.
ccessed n Wolf.
Journal
of Technology ducation
1989)
[online].
BlacksburgVa.):
Virginia
Polytechnic
nstitute
andStateUniversity,989lcited5March1995].emiAnnual.vailablerom nternet:gopher://
borg.l ib.vt.edu:70l1/jte>.
SSN10451 64.
Blog:
Julia'
2005)
Take
back he craft.
Blog
entry]Accessed ia:
[Accessed:
December
20051.
Electronic
ournals,Single ssue:
lnternationalournal
of HumanComputer
tudies
1997)
online].
Special
ssue:Wodd
WideWeb
Usability. lsevierScience,
7
1)
cited
12
May
2003].Accessed
ia
.
SingleArticle or othercontribulion):
Cane,A.
(2002)
3D display
points
o holograms
t home.Financiat
imes
onlinel_
2 Oct
ZOO2,
Surveys dit ion,
.11
lcited
8 May2003].
ccessediaProquest
t
.
Bulletinboards,
iscussion istsand
messaging ystems
Whole
service:
PACSL
Public
AccessCompulef
SystemsForum)
1989)
lonline].
Houston
Tex.):
University
f
Houston
ibraries,une198glcited
ay17, 1995].
vailablerom
he nternet:
telnet://
federal.bbs.gpo.gov>.
Singleemail:
Eyents or
Se
tenber.IEmaill.
vlessage
o David
reland.
SeeYouSoonublicity,7June2005 cited 8June2005]. tored n Davidreland'someemail
system.
ersonalommunication
romwww.seeyousoon.com.
Example
f company
address s author, ut
a
personal
r company
ame ould
e used.]
Discussion
ist:
Broekman,
.S.
1993)
Dragon
colours
a
few
houghts n nheitance).
oogle
croups
[online].
16thFeb 1993
cited
8
May2003],message
in he hread.
ccessed
ja:
,
hensearching,dragon
olours,,.
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V*r1. , ' '
4 ' '
jV
- '
r i , ' f
i
/ ' ' \ '
Lr ' '^ r ( r t ' i
Teleohone all:
Smith,J.
(2005)
Causes f
failure n boxgirder idges. BritishTelecom
telephone
all].Call o:
Brown,
.,XYZBridging td.
17March 005lcited 7March 0051. ersonalommunication.
Television
programme:
Blackadderhe hird:Episode
2, lnk & lncapability.
2005).
TVI.
London:BBCz,20 Aprjl2005,
'10.00 .m.First hown n September987.
Television
contributiono
programme:
Trimble,
.
2005).
nterviewChannel
News.
TV].
ondon: hannel , 20April, 005, .45
p.m.
[quotes
ime of actual
nterview, ot
programme
tarttime.]
Television advertisement
r otheruntit led
minor
programme:
Vodafone.
2OOS).
dveftisement
or
3G
mobile elephone ervices.
TV].
London:
TV,
2'1March,
2005. .30
D.m.
Unrecorded
ources
Verbal Presentation
suggested ormat):
Egan,Sir J.
(2002)
Cuftingedge
ssues.Strategic orum or Construction. niversity f
Wolverhampton.
olverhampton cience
Park,12 September 002.PresentedGovernment
concerns bout
ndustry
uality
and safety,
with
policies
or improvement. o
printedpaper
ssued.
Interview
or Conversation
suggested
ormat)i
Fawkes,G.
(1605)
WhyParliamentmust
comedown.Interviewed y: Pepys,A.,
outside he
Palace fWestminster.
ondon, November'1605
For more
helpand advice
go
to our
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page
at
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HarvardStyleReferencing:
Example
eference
ist
Ashworth, .
(2002)
Human ights, eious ctimeandcriminal
racedure.
London:Sweet& Maxlvell.
Cane,A.
(2002)
3D display
oints
o holograms t home.Fmanclallimes
onlinel.
2 Oct 2002,
Surveys dition,
.11
lcited
11thAugust
20081- ccessed ia:http://proquest.umi.com.
Cathcad,
B.
(2007)
Art hlstory isualculture. tl History,136(4445),
p.27-37.
Enderc, ., Hungenbefg, .,
Denker,H.-P.
and
\,4auch,
.
(2008)
The
ong ail of socialnetworking-: evenuemodels
of sociaf
etworking ites
-
Eutope n Managementounal, 26\3),
pp.199-211
Fryer,P. A.
(2000)
nsderdealing nd market
manrFulattor. h.D.
Thesis,university f Wolverhampton.
IEEECompuier ociety, echnical ommittee n Sofrware ngineeringnd nstitute
f
Elect
cal and Electronic
Engineers
1991)
Proceedings:
onfercnce n software
maintenance,
991,Oclober15-17,1991,Sorrentotaly.
Las
Alamitos
California):
EEEComputer ocietyPress.
Layman,D. P.
(2004)
Ar atomydenystified.
onlinel.
NewYork:McGraw-Hill.
Accessed:
1thAugust2008].
Accessed
ia:
.
Loftus, .
(ed.) 1SgS)
rojeclnanagement f muftiple
rojects
nd contracts. ondoni
ThomasTelfordLtd.
Paret,P., Craig,G.
A.
and Gilbe(,
F.
(1986)Makers
l
modern
tmtery romMachiavellitohe nuclearage.
Ordotd:
Stephens,
t . and Collins, 4.
(2007)
Web 2.0, Libfary .0,and he Hyperlinked
ibrary.Serla/sReylel
lonline].
3(4),
pp.253 256
cited
lih August2008j.Accessed ]a ScienceDirectt:
.
Whittaker, .A. 1990)Dictionaries.,rLea,P.W.and Day,A. (eds.)Prrled referencemalerial. ondon: ib-ary
Association ublishing,
p.
1
1-23.
Departmentf
Learning
nd nformation
ervices
U
niversity
of
Wolverham
ton
2008
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