HANDBOOK OF
CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS
Second Edition
Edited by
JAMES P. LANDERS
CRC Press Boca Raton New York London Tokyo
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Handbook of capillary electrophoresis I edited by James P. Landers. -- 2nd ed. p. em.
Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-2498-X 1. Capillary electrophoresis. I. Landers, James P. [DNLM: 1. Electrophoresis, Capillary--methods. QU 25 H236 1996]
QP519.9.C36H35 1996 574.19'285--dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 96-22998
CIP
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52 HAN HD H784
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DEDICATION
~o my parents for their guidance in the early years and my wife and children for their contmuous encouragement and boundless support.
CONTENTS
I. MODES
Chapter 1 Introduction to Capillary Electrophoresis Robert P. Oda and James P. Landers
Chapter 2
••• •• •••••••••••• • ••• • ~- ••••••••••••••••••• •••• 0 •• •••• • ••••• •• •••••••••• 1
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography .... ............ .......... ............. ...... ... .. ... ...... ..... . ... ... .. 49 Jeffrey R. Mazzeo
Chapter 3
Capillary Electrophoresis Separation of Enantiomers by Cyclodextrin Array Chiral Analysis ........... ........ ......................... .. ...... .......... .. ............. ...... .... .. ............ .... ........ .. ... ... .... 75 Andras Guttman
Chapter 4
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing ................ ..... .... ...... ..... ................................ ..... ... .. .... ........ 101 Roberto Rodriguez-Diaz, Tim Wehr, Mingde Zhu, and Vikorya Levi
Chapter 5
Theory and Practice of Capillary Electrochromatography .. ... ......... ... ... .......... ..... ........ ... 139 Monika M. Dittman and Gerard P. Rozing
II. ANALYTE
Chapter 6
Capillary Ion Electrophoresis ... .... ......... ....... .. .... .......... .. .. ......... ....... .. ... . ..... .... . . .. . . . ..... .... . 155 William R. Jones
Chapter 7
Analysis of Small Organic Molecules by Capillary Electrophoresis .... ...... ............ ..... .. . 189 Kevin D. Altria
Chapter 8
Capillary Electrophoresis of Peptides ................................................................ ....... ....... 213 Tom van de Goor, Alex Apffel, John Chakel, and William Hancock
Chapter 9
Capillary Electrophoresis of Proteins .. ...... ...... .... . ..... ... ........ .... .... .. ...... ... ...... .. ........ .... ..... 259 Tom Pritchett and Frank A. Robey
Chapter 10
Carbohydrate Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis ...... .. ............... ....... .... ... .. ... . .. .... .. ... 297 Joseph D. Olechno and Judith A. Nolan
Chapter 11
Separation of DNA by Capillary Electrophoresis ............................................................ 347 Kathi J. Ulfelder and Bruce R. McCord
III. ESSENTIAL ASPECTS OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS
Chapter 12 Optical Detection Techniques for Capillary Electrophoresis .................. .. ........ .. ........... . Stephen L. Pentoney, Jr. and Jonathan V. Sweedler
Chapter 13 Electrochemical Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis Carsten Haber
Chapter 14
379
425
Data Analysis in Capillary Electrophoresis Bart J. Wanders
....... ... ....................... .. .. .. .... .. .......... .. ...... .... .. 449
Chapter 15 Effects of Sample Matrix on Capillary Electropohoretic Analysis . ..... .. .. .............. ... ...... 457 Zak K. Shihabi
Chapter 16 On-Line Sample Preconcentration for Capillary Electrophoresis .... .. ... ........ .. ................ 479 Dean S. Burgi and Ring-Ling Chien
IV. APPLICATIONS
Chapter 17 . Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Single Cells: Electrocherrucal, Mass Spectrometric, and Radiochemical Detection ...... ..................... ...................... ...... .. 495 Franklin D. Swanek, Sandra S. Ferris, and Andrew G. Ewing
Chapter 18 Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Single Cells: Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection ............. ........................ .... ................. ... .... ... ............................... .. 523 Sheri J, Lillard and EdwardS. Yeung
Chapter 19 Capillary Gel Electrophoresis for Large Scale DNA Sequencing: Separation and Detection ....................... ... .................. .. ............... ..... .... ... ........... · .... ........ . 545 Norman J, Dovichi
Chapter 20 Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Drugs in Biological Fluids ..................... 567 Robert P. Oda, Matt E. Roche, James P. Landers, and Zak K. Shihabi ·•
Chapter 21 Use of Capillary Electrophoresis for Binding Studies Frank A. Robey
Chapter 22
591
Immunoassays and Enzyme Assays Using Capillary Electrophoresis ............. ............... 611 Nicole M. Schultz, Li Tao, Donald J. Rose, Jr., and Robert T. Kennedy
Chapter 23 Clinical Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis . . ............ ... .. ... ... ..... ........ .. ... .. ... ......... 639 Robert P. Oda, Valerie J. Bush, and James P. Landers
V. SPECIALIZED ASPECTS OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS
Chapter 24 Capillary Surface Modification in Capillary Electrophoresis ...... ..... ............. ........ .... ...... 675 Ann M. Dougherty, Nelson Cooke, and Paul Shieh
Chapter 25 Improved Capillary Electrophoretic Separations Associated with Controlling Electroosmotic Flow . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . 717 Cheng S. Lee
Chapter 26 Continuous Separations by Electrophoresis in Rectangular Channels ............. .... .. .... ..... 741 Peter F. Gavin and Andrew G. Ewing
Chapter 27 Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography-Capillary Electrophoresis ......... .. .. .. ............ 765 Dorothea J. Jeffery, Thomas F. Hooker, and James W. Jorgenson
Chapter 28 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry ................................................................. 791 Joanne C. Severs and Richard D. Smith
Chapter 29 Microfabricated Devices for Performing Capillary Electrophoresis .. ... ...... .... ....... ... .. .... 827 Stephen C. Jacobson and J. Michael Ramsey
Chapter 30 Fraction Collection with Micro-Preparative Capillary Electrophoresis .. ........ .... .. .. ........ 841 Michael A. Strausbauch and Peter J, Wettstein
Appendix 1 Calculations for Practical Use .................... ......... ............................................................. 865
Appendix 2 Troubleshooting . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . 873
Appendix 3 Separation Conditions for Classes of Analytes .... .. ...... ....... ............. .................... .. .......... 877
Index ........... ................................................. ... ............................................... ..... ............... 885
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