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COURSE HANDBOOKInstallation | Commissioning | System Configuration
FibeAir IP-20N Basic Training Course
Updated for SW Version T7.9
Visit our Customer Training Portal at cts.ceragon.com or contact us at [email protected]
Trainee Name: _________________
Copyright 2014 Ceragon Networks Ltd. www.ceragon.com & cts.ceragon.com
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FibeAir IP‐20N Ceragon Training Course
CERAGON TRAINING
PROGRAM
–
IP
‐20N
Basic
Training
Course
Sw
7.9
Table of Content
Intro to Radio Systems ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 005
IP‐20N Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 029
Radio Frequency Units – RFUs ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 059
First Login…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 077
Shelf Management……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 085
ACM & MSE….…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………. 089
Radio Link Parameters…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………… 101
Automatic Transmit Power Control ATPC……………………………………….……………………………………. 107
IP‐20N XPIC Configuration……………………………….…………………………………………………………………. 113
Service Model in IP‐20N………………………….…………………………………………………………………………. 121
Protection System Configuration……………………………………………………………………………………….. 145
Multi Carrier ABC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 159
Licensing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 177
Native TDM ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 187
Configuration Management & Software Download…………………………………………………………… 205
Troubleshooting………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 219
Header De‐Duplication………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 237
TCC Redundancy…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 247
Cascading Port Configuration …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 257
Course Evaluation Form………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 263
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Version 3
Introduction to Radio Systems
October 2014
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
2
• Radio Relay Principles
• Parameters affecting propagations:
• Dispersion
• Humidity/gas absorption
• Multipath/ducting
• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
• Rain attenuation
• Modulation
5
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Proprietary and Confidential
Digital Transmission Systems
3
Proprietary and Confidential
RF Signal
Path Terrain
f1
f1’
Radio Relay Principles
• A Radio Link requires two end stations
• A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required
• Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz
4
6
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Proprietary and Confidential
High and Low frequency station
Local site
High station
Remote site
Low station
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)
Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz
Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz
Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)
Full duplex
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Standard frequency plan patterns
Frequency reuse:
2,4V
1,3V1,3H 1,3H 1,3H
Reduced risk for overshoot
Frequency shift:
1,3V1,3H 2,4H
Reduced risk for overshoot
Only Low stations can interfere High stations
1,3H
Tx in upper part of band
Tx in lower part of band
1,3VLow High Low High
6
Tx Tx Tx
TxTxTx
TxTx
TxTx
Tx
Tx
7
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Proprietary and Confidential
Preferred site location structure
7
Proprietary and Confidential
RF Tx Filter Branching
Network(*)Feeder
Z' B' C' D' A'
Feeder
DBranching
Network(*)
C BRF Rx Filter
A
Receiver
E
Demodulator
Z
Modulator
E'
RECEIVER PATH
TRANSMITTER PATH
Transmitter Digital
Line interface
Digital
Line interface Output
signal
Input
signal
Radio Principal Block Diagram
8
8
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Proprietary and Confidential
RF Principals
• RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves
(EMW) propagated through space
• EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)
• The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows -
Wave Length
• Microwave – refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically
relates to frequencies above 1GHz:
300 MHz ~ 1 meter
10 GHz ~ 3 cm
9
f
c
where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic
waves in vacuum (3x108 m/s)
Proprietary and Confidential
RF Principals
• We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitudeusing this animation
10
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Radio Spectrum
11
Parameters Affecting Propagation
12
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Parameters Affecting Propagation
• Dispersion
• Humidity/gas absorption
• Multipath/ducting
• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
• Rain attenuation
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Dispersion
• Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded
because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths)
have different propagation velocities within the physical medium:
• Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less
• High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more
14
11
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Parameters Affecting Propagation Atmospheric Refraction
• Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical
characteristics of the atmosphere’s is called Dielectric Constant.
• The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature &
humidity in the atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease
with altitude
• Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the
wave will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend
downwards, following the curve of earth
15
No Atmosphere
With Atmosphere
Proprietary and Confidential
Wave in atmosphere
16
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Parameters Affecting Propagation – Multipath
• Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver
with different amplitude or phase
• Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies
17
Direct beam
Delayed beam
Proprietary and Confidential
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Duct
• Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with
vertical refractive index gradients causing radio signals:
• Remain within the duct
• Follow the curvature of the Earth
• Experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not
present
18
Duct Layer
Terrain
Duct Layer
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Parameters Af fecting Propagation - Polarization andRain
• Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimetersmean diameter (above that they tend to break up)
• Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical.
• As a raindrop increases in
• size, its shape becomes more
• oblate, with its largestcross-section facing the
• oncoming airflow.
19
Large rain drops become
Increasingly flattened on theBottom;
very large ones are shaped
like parachutes
Proprietary and Confidential
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading
• Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice
• Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz
• Signal quality degrades
• Represented by “dB/km” parameter which is related the rain
density which represented “mm/hr”
• Rain drops falls as flattened droplet
V better than H (more immune to rain fading)
20
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Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading
21
Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.
Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation
Proprietary and Confidential
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone
22
Terrain
Duct Layer0
1st
2nd
3rd
TX RX
1. EMW propagate in beams
2. Some beams widen – therefore, their path is longer
3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirectbeam
4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created
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Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone
• Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees outof phase…in the 2nd zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phase…in 3rd zone,
they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on…
• Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive.
• When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are keptfree of obstructions.
• In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnelzone should be kept free.
23
Proprietary and Confidential
Example: First condition
24
16
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RF Link Basic Components – Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)
25
Proprietary and Confidential
RSSI Curve for RFU-C
1,9V
1,6V
1,3V
-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm
26
17
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• Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)
• Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is notnormally possible due to poor front to back ratio.
• High performance antennas (HP)
• Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-usingfrequencies is possible. Can not be used with co-channel systems.
• High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)
• Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-usingfrequencies is possible. Can be used for co-channel systems.
• Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)
• Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-usingfrequencies is possible with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems.
• Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)• Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using
frequencies in many directions is possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.
Main Parabolic Antenna Types
27
Proprietary and Confidential
Passive Repeaters
Plane
reflector
Back-to-backantennas
28
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Link Calculation – Basic Example (in vacuum)
Lfs
TSL Ga Lfsl Ga Lw
Lb
Lf
RSL
RSL=TSL+Ga‐Lfsl+Ga‐Lw‐Lb‐Lf
RSL ‐ Received Signal Level
TSL – Transmitted Signal Level
Lfsl ‐ Free‐space loss = 92.45 + 20 log x(distance in km x frequency in GHz)
Lf ‐ Filter loss
Lb ‐ Branching loss
Lw ‐ Waveguide loss
Ga – Antenna gain
29
Proprietary and Confidential
Atmospher ic attenuation
][ dBd Aaa
Starts to contribute to the total attenuation above approximately 15GHz
Parameters in a:
Frequency
Temperature
Air pressure
Water vapour
30
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Objective examples
• Typical objectives used in real systems
• 99.999%• Month: 25.9 sec
• Year: 5 min 12 sec
• 99.995 %• Month: 2 min 10 sec
• Year: 26 min
• 99.99%• Month: 260 sec
• Year: 51 min
• Performance requirements generally higher than Availability.
• ITU use worst month for Performance Average year for Availability
31
Modulation
32
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Proprietary and Confidential
Modulation
Modulation
Analog
Modulation
Digital
Modulation
AM - Amplitude modulation ASK – Amplitude Shift Keying
FM - Frequency modulation FSK – Frequency Shift Keying
PM – Phase modulation PSK – Phase Shift Keying
QAM – Quadrature Amplitude modulation
33
Proprietary and Confidential
Modem
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 11 0
Modem
1 111 10 0 0
0111 0 11
F1F2F1 F1F2F1 F1
Modem
1 1 1 1 10 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1800 phase shift
ASK modulation changes the amplitude to the analog
signale.”1” and “ 0” have different amplitude.
FSK modulation is a method of represent the two
binary states ”1” and ”0” with different
spcific frequencies.
PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmittedsignal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800 .
Digital modulation
34
21
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QAM Modulation
• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation(PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)
• The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the numberof modulation states used.
• In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7)alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight uniquemodulation states
• In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on
4QAM 2bits/symbol 256QAM 8bits/symbol
8QAM 3bits/symbol 512QAM 9bits/symbol
16QAM 4bits/symbol 1024QAM 10bits/symbol32QAM 5bits/symbol 2048QAM 11bits/symbol
64QAM 6bits/symbol
128QAM 7bits/symbol
35
Proprietary and Confidential
Why QAM and not ASK or PSK for higher modulation?
• This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent pointsin the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly
• The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors arereduced
• Higher modulation >> more bits per symbol
• Constellation points are closer >>TX is more susceptible to noise
36
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Constellation diagram
• In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may beselected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane.
Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of
interference and distortion in a signal.
37
Proprietary and Confidential
8 QAM Modulation Example
We have stream: 001-010-100-011-101-000-011-110
Bit sequence Amplitude Phase (degrees)
000
1
None
001
2
None
010
1
pi/2
(90°)
011
2
pi/2
(90°)
100
1
pi
(180°)
101
2
pi
(180°)
110
1
3pi/2
(270°)
111
2 3pi/2
(270°)
How does constellation diagram look?
DIGITAL QAM (8QAM)
38
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4QAM VS. 16QAM
4QAM 16QAM
39
Proprietary and Confidential
2048 QAM
40
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2-PSK
4-PSK
8-PSK
16-QAM
64-QAM
Bandwidth
DecreasesModulation
Complixity
Increases
Bandwidth vs. Modulation
41
Proprietary and Confidential
P o w e r
Noise
Signal
S/N
P o w e r
Noise
S/N
Signal
P o w e r
Noise
S/N
Signal
P o w e r
Noise
S/N
Signal
• Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator
• Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors
BER=10-3BER=10-6BER
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Proprietary and Confidential
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
-75 -72 -69 -66Receiver input level [dBm]
BER change ratio vs. Noise isdependent on Noise Power distribution
and coding
BER Impact on Transmission Quality
BER
43
Proprietary and Confidential
RSL Vs. Threshold
Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)
BER>10-6RSL (dBm)
-20
-30 Nominal Input Level
-99
-96 Receiver amplifies thermal noise
-73 Threshold level BER=10-6
Fading Margin
K – Boltzmann constant
T – Temperature in Kelvin
B – Bandwidth
Time (s)
BER>10-6
44
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Thank you
45
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Version 4
IP-20N Overview
November 2014
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
2
• IP-20N Product Highlights
• Network topology wi th IP-20N
• IP-20N Overview
• 1U and 2U chassis
• TCC – Traffic Control Card
• RMC – Radio Modem Card• ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Card
• TDM Line cards
• IVM – Inventory Module
• PDC – Power Distribution Card
• Fan Module and Air Filter
• RFU – Radio Frequency Unit
• IP-20N Block Diagram
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Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10CIP-10EIP-10G
Ethernet + Optional TDM
IP-10Q
Ethernet Only
Compact
All-OutdoorTerminal /
Single-Carrier
Nodal
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
NodalAggregation
FibeAir IP-10 Product Line - 2011
Optimized for “Full GE”Multi-Carrier pipesUltra-high density
Optimized Solution for Any Network
3
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10CIP-10EIP-10G
Optimized for “Full GE”Multi-Carrier pipesUltra-high density
Ethernet + Optional TDM
IP-10Q
Optimized Solution for Any Network
Ethernet Only
FibeAir IP-X0 Product Line - 2012 (Introducing IP-20N)
Compact
All-OutdoorTerminal /
Single-Carrier
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
Aggregation
Nodal
IP-20N
Ultra-high density/modularity
4
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FibeAir IP-20 Product Family
5
IP‐20Platform
IP-20LH
IP-20A= IP20N + RFU-A
Avail able on ly fo r US & NA mark et
IP-20N 1RU & 2RU
IP-20G
IP-20S
IP-20C
IP-20E
Proprietary and Confidential
2RU chassis, Up to 10 RFUs
Full redundancy option (No SPoF)
1RU chassis, Up to 5 RFUs
FibeAir IP-20N Product Overview
6
Unified architecture wi th
common cards• Traffic/Control cards (TCC)
• Radio interface cards (RMC)oNon-XPIC
oXPICo 1024 QAM
• Line cards (LIC)oEth – 4 x 1GE
o TDM – 16 x E1/DS1 LIC
– 1 x STM-1/OC3 LIC
- 1 x ch STM-1
o LIC-X-E4-Elec./Opt
Ultra-high flexibility/modularity
Optimized foot-print, density, scalability & availability
Purpose built for Nodal deployments
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FibeAir IP-20N – Product Highlights
7
• Optimized nodal solution
• Multi-Carrier ABC• 1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)• 1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
•Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
• Rich packet p rocessing feature-set
• High Availability n ode
• Support for m ulti-operator scenarios
• Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency
• High precision, flexible packet Synchronization solution
• Best-in-class TDM migration soluti on using PWE3 (Circuit Emulation)
• Support Ceragon’ s current and f uture RFUs
• Purpose built for suppor ting resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links scaling to GEcapacity
• Future-proof with maximal investment protection
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20N – Carrier Ethernet TransportMain features
• Flexible transport
• Flexible service classification
• Full E-Line, E-LAN suppor t
• Hierarchical QoS
• Superb (hardware based) service level OAM and SLA assurance mechanisms
• MSTP
• Enhanced
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Proprietary and Confidential
Network Topology Example (Tree)
9
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Network Topology Example (Ring)
10
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IP‐20N
IP‐20N
IP‐20N
IP‐20G
Network Topology Example (Tree)
11
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
1+1
C RFU-C
2+0
1+1
C
IP‐10G
C
C
IP‐20G
C
C
1+0
1+02+0IP‐10G
C
C
1+0
C
2+0
C
C
1+0
IP‐20N
C
Proprietary and Confidential
IP‐20N
IP‐20N
Edge
Router
Edge
Router
10GE Fiber
Ring
IP‐20N
IP‐20N
IP‐20G IP‐20G IP‐20N
IP‐20N
IP‐10G
IP‐20N
IP‐20N
IP‐20N
IP‐10G
Reference Integrated CET solution
12
IP‐20N
1+0
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
4+0
Microwave Ring
1+0C
E1s
EthE1s
Eth
E1s
Eth
E1s
EthE1s
Eth
C
C
C
E1s
Eth
E1s
Eth
C
C
E1s
Eth
2+2
1+1
2+2
C C
C
C
C
C
C C
1+1
C RFU-C
4+0
4+0
4+0
4+0
4+0
C
1+0Eth
C
IP‐20C
E1s
Eth
E1s
Eth
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IP-20N Overview
13
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-20N – 2RU Chassis
14
10 x Universal slots for:
- Radio interface cards (RMC)
- Ethernet line cards (4 x GE)
- TDM line cards
Fans trayFilter tray
(optional)
2 x Slots for
power distribution
cards (PDC)
2 x Slots for
Main traffic and
control cards (TCC)
1 2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
11 12
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Slots Numbering
15
2
12
6
10
5
9
4
8
3
7
11
1
Slots Numbering starts from bottom left
2
6543
1
50
51
51
Proprietary and Confidential
Card types allowed per slot – 1RU
16
Slot
Number
SlotNumber
Allowed Card Type Notes
1 TCC
2 RMC
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)
TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
3-6 RMC
TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
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Card types per slot – 2RU
17
SlotNumber
Allowed Card Type Notes
1 TCC
2,12 RMC
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)
TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
3 - 10 RMC
TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
11 TCC
Proprietary and Confidential
Recommendations
18
It is recommended to place the same type of cards in adjacent pairs, as follows:
• Slots 3 and 4
• Slots 5 and 6
• Slots 7 and 8 (2RU only)
• Slots 9 and 10 (2RU only)
The reason for this is that for certain features, connectivity is supported in the backplane
between these slot pairs
For example 2+2 HSB SD configu ration wit h XPIC:
• 1+1 or 2+2 are supported in release 7.9
• When combining HSB SD and XPIC, the HSB SD protection group and the
XPIC group cannot be identical. A valid combination would be:
XPIC Group #1: Slot 3 and 4
XPIC Group #2: Slot 5 and 6
Radio Protection Group #1: Slot 3 and 5
Radio Protection Group #2: Slot 4 and 6
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Traffic – Ethernet Matrix
19
Slot 7 Slot 8 Slot 9 Slot 10
Slot 3 Slot 4 Slot 5 Slot 6
TCC Slot 1 Slot 2
Slot 12TCC Slot 11
SGMII to TCC primary
SGMII to TCC backu p
Proprietary and Confidential
Supported Configurations in T7.9
20
Configuration Notes
1+0
1+0 IF Combining Requires RMC‐B and 1500HP
2+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
2+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC.
3+0 Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
4+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
4+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC.
4+0 IF Combining Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and
1500HP.
4+0 IF Combining and XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and
1500HP.
5+0 Single
Polarization Requires
Multi
‐Carrier
ABC
or
LAG.
6+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
7+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
8+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
1+1 HSB Protection
1+1 HSB Protection with BBS Space
Diversity
Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
2+2 HSB Protection Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
2+2 HSB Protection with BBS Space
Diversity
Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
2+2 HSB Protection with XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
2+2 HSB Protection with BBS Space
Diversity and XPIC
Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
2+2 HSB Protection with IF
Combining and XPIC
Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and
1500HP
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TCC – Traffic control card
21
Proprietary and Confidential
Traff ic Control Card (TCC)
22
• Main functions:
• TCC-B – doesn’t support Multi-Carrier ABC, HSB support
• TCC-B-MC – required for Multi-Carrier ABC configurations, HSB BBS SD support• 1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)• 1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)• Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
• Network processor with 16 ports
• 10 Gbps switching capacity
• 6,25 Mpps (Mega packet per second) switching capacity
• Shelf control and management• Ethernet traffic management and switching
• Clock unit
Industrial SD card 1GB class 6
Ceragon SD cards with Cera OS:
1
11
39
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Proprietary and Confidential23
Ethernet Switch16 ports – 10Gbps
CPUMNG port 1
MNG port 2
Line Interface 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
Line Interface 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
Radio Card
Ethernet Card
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
Proprietary and Confidential
TCC Indicators & Connectors
24
Handle
SYNC
Port
External
Alarms
Port
Serial
Port
Management
Ports
Gigabit
Electrical Ports
Gigabit Optical
Ports
Handle
Activity
LED
1
11
1
40
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Proprietary and Confidential
TCC card – Interfaces pin out
25
RMC – Radio Modem Card
26
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Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Modem Cards (RMC)
27
• RMC-A
• Based on Ceragon’s well known SoC modem
• Supports up to 256QAM
• FibeAir IP-10 Series support across a link
• RMC-B
• Based on Ceragon’s new SoC modem
• Supports up to 1024QAM
• Supports XPIC and non XPIC (same Hardware)
• Supports Header De-Duplication
RMC A RMC B
XPIC No Yes
Multi‐Carrier ABC No Yes
Modem type PVG modem Mars modem
Modulation 256 QAM + ACM 1024 QAM with Premium
RFU + ACM
FD and SD Yes Yes
IP20 communication with
IP10 across a link Yes No
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Modem Cards (RMC) and RFUs combinations
28
Combination Multi – Carrier
ABC
XPIC & Header
De‐ Duplication
Max available
Modulation
IP‐20N
communication
with IP‐10 across a
radio link
IP‐20N
communication
with IP‐20G
RMC‐A & RFU
standard No No 256 QAM Yes No
RMC‐A & RFU
premium No No 256 QAM Yes No
RMC‐B & RFU
standard
Yes Yes 256 QAM No Yes
RMC‐B & RFU‐
premium Yes Yes 1024 QAM No Yes
2
RMC-A RMC-B RFU-C/Ce
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Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Modem Cards (RMC-E)
29
RMC-E is used for IP-20LH wit h Evolution radio .
This c ard has Radio Interface and STM-1 RST Interface
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
Proprietary and Confidential
RMC Indicators & Connectors
30
Handle
IF Connector
ACT
LED
RFU
LED
LINK
LED
Handle
Color ACT LINK RFU
off No power No power No power
green OK, active mode Link OK no alarms RFU is OK
yellow OK, standby mode Minor or warning
alarm
Minor or warning
alarm
red failure Critical or major
alarm
Critical or major
alarm
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
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ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Cards
31
Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet Line Interface Card
Electrical LIC-XE4-Elec
32
• LIC-XE4-Elec
• Supports 4 GBE ports (one combo)
• Works only on slots 2 and 12
• MDI/MDIX support
• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)
2
12
44
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Proprietary and Confidential
LIC-XE4-Elec
Indicators & Connectors
33
Handle Handle
ACT
LED
Gigabit Electrical Ports
Color ACT Left LED for port Right LED for port SFP LED
off No power Interface is disabled
Interface is disabled
or the interface
operates at
100BaseT mode
Cable not connected,
link not ok, interface
is disabled
green OK, no alarms
the interface is
enabled and link is
OK (Blinking = traffic
activity)
Interface operates at
1000BaseT mode,
Blinking means
operates at 10BaseT
mode
Interface is enabled
and link is OK,
blinking means traffic
activity
red Card failure or
hardware failure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
SFP
LEDSFP
Slot
2
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet Line Interface Card
Optical L IC-XE4-Opt
34
• LIC-XE4-Opt
• Supports 4 GBE ports (firs port is combo)
• Total 4x SFP
• Works only on slots 2 and 12
• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)
2
12
45
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Proprietary and Confidential
LIC-XE4-Opt
Indicators & Connectors
35
Handle Handle
ACT
LED
Gigabit Optical Ports
Color ACT Left LED for port Right LED for port SFP LED
off No power Interface is disabled
Interface is disabled
or the interface
operates at
100BaseT mode
Cable not connected,
link not ok, interface
is disabled
green OK, no alarms
the interface is
enabled and link is
OK (Blinking = traffic
activity)
Interface operates at
1000BaseT mode,
Blinking means
operates at 10BaseT
mode
Interface is enabled
and link is OK,
blinking means traffic
activity
red Card failure or
hardware failure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
SFP
LEDGigabit
Electrical port
2
12
TDM Line cards
36
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Proprietary and Confidential
LIC-T16 (16xE1/DS1)
Line Interface Card
37
• TDM-LIC
• 16 E1/T1s
• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
Proprietary and Confidential
LIC-T16 (16xE1)- Indicators & Connectors
38
Handle Handle
ACT LED
16 x E1/ DS1 Connector
E1/DS1LED
Color ACT Sync Left LED for
port
Sync Right LED for
port
E1/DS1 LED
off No power
The interface is
disabled or no signal is
being received
The interface is
disabled
The interface is
disabled
green OK, no alarmsIndicates whether a valid
signal is being received
when enabled
Indicates whether the
interface is configured to
export a clock
No alarms
red Card failure or
hardware failure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms
SYNC Connector
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
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Proprietary and Confidential
LIC-T16 (16xE1)
Connector and Synchronization Interface
39
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
Proprietary and Confidential
TDM LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
40
• TDM-LIC
• 1 STM-1/OC3
• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option
• The 1 x ch-STM-1 interface uses an optical SFP connector.
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
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Proprietary and Confidential
TDM LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
Indicators & Connectors
41
Handle Handle
ACT
LED
STM-1/OC3 SFP
STM-1/OC3
LEDSYNC
Connector
Color ACT Sync Left LED for
port
Sync Right LED for
port
STM1/OC3
off No
power
The interface is
disabled
or
no
signal
is
being received
The interface is
disabled
The interface is
disabled
green OK, no alarmsIndicates whether a valid
signal is being received
when enabled
Indicates whether the
interface is configured to
export a clock
No alarms
red Card failure or
hardware failure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
Proprietary and Confidential
TDM LIC-STM-1/OC3-RST
42
2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
12
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Inventory Module (IVM)
43
Proprietary and Confidential
Mandatory Cards - IVM
44
• Single card for 1RU and 2RU chassis.
• 2 x E2PROM on sing le board (function as 2 separated cards).
• Installed at the back of the chassis
• Holds the chassis:
• License.
• Node MAC address (48 MACs per unit).
• Serial number.
50
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Proprietary and Confidential
IVM – Inventory Module
45
The IVM contains pre-programmed information that defines the chassis and its slots,
including:
• Module types that can be inserted into the chassis, per slot
• Product and card names
• Internal MAC addresses
• Serial number
• Hardware versions
• Licensed features and capacities
The IVM stores information in a 8 KB (64 kb) EEPROM. A 2RU IP-20N IVM contains
two EEPROMs. If a redundant TCC configuration is used, each EEPROM is
dedicated to a specific TCC
IVM
EEPROM
TCC 2
EEPROM
TCC 1
PDC – Power Distribution Card
46
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Proprietary and Confidential
Mandatory Cards – PDC
Power Distr ibution Card
47
• Monitors the inputs signal
• Drives the -48V signal
• Converts the -48V signal to other power levels
• Different card for 1RU chassis and 2RU chassis
• 2U chassis uses two PDC card for redundancy
• 1U chassis uses dual input for redundancy
Proprietary and Confidential
Power Distribution Card
• A 2RU IP-20N can use two PDC cards for redundancy. Each PDC provides 48Vpower to all modules in the chassis via the backplane, on different lines.
• A diode bridge in the modules prevents power spikes and unstable power from thetwo power sources.
• Voltage range: -40,5 VDC to -60 VDC
• The maximum rating of the overcurrent protection shall be 3 Amp per link, while themaximum current rating is 9A for 1RU and 17Amp for 2RU
• The power source must be grounded
• If the voltage goes below -38V, the LED displays Red. When the voltage returns to -40V or higher, the Red indication goes off and the Green indication reappears.
48
Standard PDC Interface Dual - Input PDC Interfaces
52
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Proprietary and Confidential
Power consumption specification
49
Fans Module & Air Filter
50
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Proprietary and Confidential
Mandatory Cards – Fans
51
• Four fans inside the fans module
• Powered up from -48VDC from the backplane
• Different module for 1RU and 2RU chassis
Proprietary and Confidential
Filter Tray - optional
52
• IP-20N offers a filter as optional
equipment. If a filter tray is not
ordered, the IP-20N chassis is
delivered with a blank filter slot
cover.
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IP-20N Block diagram
53
Proprietary and Confidential
I P - 2 0 N
– B l o
c k D i a g r a m
54
55
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Proprietary and Confidential
Traffic Path vs Internal Shelf Management Path
55
Proprietary and Confidential
Traffic Path vs Internal Shelf Management Path
56
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Thank You
57
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This page was intentionally left blank.
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Apr il 2014
Radio Frequency Units
V1
1
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
2
• Radio Frequency uni ts for IP-20N
• RFU Selection Guide
• RFU-C
• 1500HP / RFU – HP
• Split Mount Configuration and Branching
• New Outdoor Circulator Block OCB
• Split Mount Configurations
• Green mode
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Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Frequency units
3
• Standard Power • FibeAir RFU-C
• High Power • FibeAir 1500HP
• FibeAir RFU-HP
• The following RFUs can be installed in a split-mount configuration:• FibeAir RFU-C (6–42 GHz)
• FibeAir 1500HP RFU-HP (6–11 GHz)
• RFU-HP (6–8 GHz)
• The following RFUs can be installed in an all-indoor configuration:• FibeAir 1500HP/RFU-HP (6–11 GHz)
• The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (up to 100 m/300 ft),Belden 9914/RG-8 (up to 300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the RMC in the IP-20N chassis.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm)
6-8 GHz
3.5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
Low Loss Chaining
QPSK-1024QAM
Reduced Power Consumption Mode (Green Mode)
Standard Power (Max 24 dbm)
6-38 GHz
3.5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
QPSK-1024QAM
Very Compact
4
FibeAir ® Radio Frequency Units
FibeAir RFU-C
FibeAir RFU-HP -1RX
High Power (Max 33 dbm)
6-11 GHz
3,5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
QPSK-1024QAM
Low Loss Chaining
Dual RX with IFC (Single Rx available for 11GHz)
FibeAir 1500-HP/SD
60
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Proprietary and Confidential
RFU Selection Guide
5
Character 1500HP/RFU‐HP
(6 – 11 GHz)
RFU‐C
(6 – 42 GHz)
RFU‐Ce
(6 – 42 GHz)
Installation Type
Split Mount √ √ √
All‐Indoor √
Configuration
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √
N+1 √
N+0 ( N>2) √
SD support √ (IFC, BBS) √ (BBS) √ (BBS)
Power Saving Mode Adjustable Power
Consumption √
Modulation QPSK to 256 QAM √ √ √
512 to 1024 QAM √ √
RFU-HP does not support 56 MHz channels.IFC at 40MHz is supported only for the 11GHz frequency band.
RFU – C
6
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Proprietary and Confidential
RFU – C 6-42GHz
• Standard RFU – C• Support up to 256 QAM modulation
• RMC-A or RMC-B
• Premium RFU-Ce• Support up to 1024 QAM modulation
• RMC-B is required
• Main Features of RFU-C:
• Frequency range – Operates in the frequency range 6 – 42 GHz
• More power in a smaller package - Up to 26 dBm for extended distance, enhancedavailability, use of smaller antennas
• Configurable Modulation – QPSK – 1024 QAM
• Configurable Channel Bandwidth – 3.5 MHz – 56MHz
• Compact, lightweight form factor - Reduces installation and warehousing costs
• Supported configurations:
• 1+0 – direct and remote mount
• 1+1 – direct and remote mount
• 2+0 – direct and remote mount
• 2+2 – remote mount
• 4+0 – remote mount
• Eff icientand easy
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Example of RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations
1+1 direct
8
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Proprietary and Confidential
Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation for 2+0
Configuration
9
Switch to the circular adaptor(removing the
existing rectangular transition,
swapping the O-ring, andreplacing on the circular
transition).
Proprietary and Confidential
OMT Installation Example
10
Note: RFUs are at sub 11GHz band
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1500HP / RFU–HP
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Main Features of 1500HP/RFU-HP
• Frequency range:
• 1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz
• 1500HP 1RX: 11GHz
• RFU-HP: 6-8GHz
• Frequency source – Synthesizer
• Installation type – Split mount – remote mount, all indoor (No direct mount)
• Diversity – Optional inno vative IF Combining Space Diversity for improved system gain (for 1500HP), aswell as BBS Space Diversity (all models)
• High transmit power – Up to 33dBm in all indoor and split mount in stallations
• Configurable Modulation – QPSK – 1024 QAM
• Configurable Channel Bandwidth –
• 1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide): 24-40 MHz
• RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 3.5-56 MHz
• System Configuration s – Non-Protected (1+0), Protected (1+1), Space Diversity, 2+0/2+2 XPIC, N+0, N+1
• XPIC and CCDP – Built-in XPIC (Cross Polarization Interference Canceller) and Co-Channel Dual Polarization(CCDP) feature for double transmission capacity, and more bandwidth efficiency
• Power Saving Mode option - Enables the microwave system to automatically detect when link conditions allow itto use less power (for RFU-HP)
• Tx Range (Manual/ATPC) – Up to 20 dB dynamic range
• ATPC (Automati c Tx Power Con tro l)
• RF Channel Selection – Via EMS/NMS
• NEBS – Level 3 NEBS compliance
12
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Proprietary and Confidential
1500 HP 2RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
13
Proprietary and Confidential
1500 HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
14
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Proprietary and Confidential
RFU-HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
15
Proprietary and Confidential
HP Comparison Table
16
Feature 1500HP 2RX 1500HP 1RX RFU‐HP Notes
Frequency Bands Support 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8GHz
Channel Spacing Support Up to 30 MHzUp to 30 MHz
11 GHz version for 40 MHz
Up to 60 MHz
Split‐Mount √ √ √ All are compatible with OCBs
from both generations
All‐Indoor √ √ √ All are compatible with ICBs
Space Diversity BBS and IFC BBS BBS IFC
‐ IF
CombiningBBS ‐ Base Band Switching
Frequency Diversity √ √ √
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √
N+1 √ √ √
N+0 ( N>2) √ √ √
High Power √ √ √
Remote Mount Antenna √ √ √
Power Saving Mode ‐‐ ‐‐ √Power consumption changes
with TX power
1500 HP (11 GHz ) 40 MHz bandwidth does not support IF Combining. For this frequency, space diversity is only available via BBS.
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Split Mount Configuration and Branching
Proprietary and Confidential
Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network
18
• Outdoor Circulator Block OCB – The Tx and the Rx pathcirculate together to the main OCB port. When chaining
multiple OCBs, each Tx signal is chained to the OCB Rx
signal and so on (uses S-bend section). For more details,refer to 1500HP/RFU-HP OCBs
• Indoor Circulator Block ICB – All the Tx signals arechained together to one Tx port (at the ICC) and all the Rx
signals are chained together to one Rx port (at the ICC). TheICC circulates all the Tx and the Rx signals to one antenna
port.
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Proprietary and Confidential19
Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network
All- Indoor Vertical Branching Split-Mount Branching and All Indoor Compact
New OCB
20
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Proprietary and Confidential21
New OCB – Outdoor Circulator Block
The OCB has the follow ing main purposes:
1. Hosts the circulators and the attached filters.
2. Chain and accumulate radio signal ( multiple carriers )
3. Routes the RF through the filters and circulators.4. Allows RFU connection to the Main and Diversity antennas.
Proprietary and Confidential
New OCB Components
22
• RF Filters - are used for specific frequency channels and Tx/Rx separation. The filters are attached to the OCB,and each RFU contains one Rx and one Tx filter. In a Space Diversity using IF combining configuration, each RFU
contains two Rx filters (which combine the IF signals) and one Tx filter. The filters can be replaced without
removing the OCB. The RF filter is installed with every conf iguration.
• DCB - Diversity Circulator Block An external block which is added in Space Diversity configurations. DCB isconnected to the diversity port and chains two OCBs.
• Coupler Kit is used for 1+1 Hot Standby configurations. (loss 1.6 /6dB)
• Symmetrical Coupler Kit is used for: (loss of 3/3 dB) • W hen chaining adjacent channels (only 28/30 MHz) • 1+1Hot Standby configurations with a symmetrical loss of 3dB in each direction Note: CPLRs loss tolerance is ±0.7
dB
• U Bend The U Bend connects the chained DCB (Diversity Circulato r Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
• S Bend The S Bend connects the chained OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
• Pole Mount Kit The Pole Mount Kit is used to fasten up to five OCBs and the RFUs to the pole. The kit enablesfast and easy installation.
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Proprietary and Confidential
1+1 and 2+2 HSB Configuration
23
Proprietary and Confidential
N+0/N+1 Configuration
24
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Proprietary and Confidential
2+0 XPIC
25
Proprietary and Confidential
Split mount applications
26
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Proprietary and Confidential
Split mount applications 4+0
S-Bend
27
Proprietary and Confidential
Split mount applications 4+0 SD
S-Bend
U-Bend
DCB DCB
28
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Proprietary and Confidential
Green ModeSignificant Power Consumption Reduction
29
• Minimal power consumption required in 99.9% of the time
• Green Mode enables:
• Reduction of consumed power by automatically reducing Tx power
• Quick increase in Tx Power in case of fading.
• No traffic impact
Power Consumption
Level
Max. Tx Power
(@ 128QAM)
Power Consumption
High 31dBm 80W
Mid 27dBm 56W
Low 21dBm 41W
Automatic TX Power control for optimal power
consumption
Proprietary and Confidential
Green Mode (RFU-HP)Significant Power Consumption Reduction
30
80W
56W
41W
31dBm
27dBm
21dBm
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Proprietary and Confidential
Power Consumption VS. Monitored TSL
31
Power State Monitored TX
Power
Consumed
power [W]
HIGH 31dBm 80 Watt
MEDIUM 27dBm 56 Watt
LOW 21dBm 41 Watt
* X
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GREEN MODE
33
RX: ‐37dBm
Green level: ‐50dBm
Set “Green
Mode” enable
Set “Green RSL” limit [dBm]
0 dB5 dB15 dB10 dB
RX: ‐42dBm
Green level: ‐50dBm
RX: ‐47dBm
Green level: ‐50dBm
RX: ‐52dBm
Green level: ‐50dBm
When fading occurs, both transmitters
compare the monitored RSL with the Green
Level (Ref.). As long as RSL> Ref. there is no
need to increase the TSL.
setting the Green RSL to
-50dBm doesn’t degrade fademargin, as the mechanism will
increase TX power if
necessary.
Proprietary and Confidential
GREEN MODE
34
15 dB
RX: ‐52dBm
Green level: -50dBm
RX: ‐50dBm
Green level: -50dBm
When RSL drops below the Green Ref. level,
we must increase the TSL to maintain the
fade margin and avoid low sensitivity
Set “Green Mode” enable
Set “Green RSL” limit [dBm]
setting the Green RSL to
-50dBm doesn’t degrade fade
margin, as the mechanism will
increase TX power if
necessary.
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Thank You
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October, 2014 v2
First login
Ceragon Training Services
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Agenda
2
• CLI and Web login
• General commands
• Get IP address
• Set IP address
• Set to default
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Connecting to the Unit
3
CLI
Web/Telnet
Default Username/password is admin/admin
Baud rate = 115200
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
IP address = 192.168.1.1
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General commands
4
Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directoryUse the TAB key to auto-comp lete a syntax
Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands
Question mark to list helpful commands
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Get IP address
5
CLI Command:
“platform management ip show ip-address”
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Changing Management IP Address
6
• CLI Command:
“ platform management ip set ipv4-address subnet
gateway ”
• Example
• Webexpand Platform branch, then Management branch and cl ick on IP, setaccordingly and click Apply button
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Set to default
7
• CLI Command:
“ platform management set-to-default”
Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!
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Other CLI commands
8
• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual
• Open Index html fi le
• Find out in Topics submenu required configuration
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Web Management
9
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First Web login
10
Default IP address is 192.168.1.1 /24
Default Username/password is admin/admin
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Set to factory default
11
1
2
3
Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!
Proprietary and Confidential
IP address sett ings
12
1
2 – select IPv4 or IPv6
3
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Web configuration manual
13
• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual
• Open Index html fi le
• Find out in Topics submenu required configuration
Thank You
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Version 2
Shelf Management
October 2014
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Connecting to the Unit
2
CLI
Web
Default Username/password is admin/admin
IP address = 192.168.1.1
Baud rate = 115200
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow
Control:
None
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Chassis Configuration Window
3
Navigation Tree Configuration Area
Selection Area
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Configuring the Chassis (1/2)
4
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Configuring the Chassis (2/2)
5
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Questions?
6
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Thank You
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Version 3
ACM – Adaptive Coding and Modulation
MSE – Mean Square Error
November 2014
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
2
• Adapt ive Coding and Modulation
• Using MSE with ACM
• What is MSE?
• Link Commissioning with MSE
• Triggering ACM with MSE
• ACM Benefits
• ACM and 1+1 HSB
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Proprietary and Confidential3
Adaptive Coding and Modulat ion (ACM)• In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality.
• When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust
modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.
• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original
setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).
• During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings.
• In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation
state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.
3
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Hitless and Errorless switching
4
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Using MSE with ACM
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MSE - Definition
6
MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated
(expected) value and the true value of the quantity being
estimated
MSE measures the average of the squared errors:
MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs
from the quantity to be estimated.
The difference occurs because of randomness or because the
receiver does not account for information that could produce a
more accurate estimated RSL
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To simpli fy….
7
Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert
one part into the other
Both devices must perfectly match
Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide
We took a few of parts and measured them to see how
many can fit in….
Proprietary and Confidential
The Errors Histogram(Gaussian probability dis tribution functi on)
8
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many
parts differ from the expected value
9 parts were perfectly OK
10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm
width
Quantity
3
2
3
1
9 Expected value
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The difference from Expected value…
9
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we
measure how much the errors differ from expected value
10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm
width
Quantity
Error = + 6 mm
Error = - 3 mm
Error = + 2 mm
Error = 0 mm
Error = - 4 mm
Proprietary and Confidential
Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller
differences
10
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them
The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,
resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm
width
Quantity
+ 6 mm = 36
-3 mm = 9
+ 2 mm = 4
Error = 0 mm
- 4 mm = 16
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Calculating MSE
11
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:
16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
width
Quantity
+ 6 mm = 36
-3 mm = 9
+ 2 mm = 4
Error = 0 mm
- 4 mm = 16
Proprietary and Confidential
Calculating MSE
12
When MSE is very small – the “Bell” shaped histogram is closer to perfect
condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0
10mm
width
Quantity
MSE determines how narrow / wide the “ Bell” is
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MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
13
Let us use QPSK (4QAM)
as an example:
QPSK = 2 bits per symbol
2 possible states for I signal
2 possible states for Q signal
= 4 possible states for the
combined signal
The graph shows the expected
values (constellation) of the
received signal (RSL)
0001
1011
I
Q
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MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
14
The black dots represent the
expected values (constellation)
of the received signal (RSL)
The blue dots represent the
actual RSL
As indicated in the previous
example, we can say that the
bigger the errors are – the
harder it becomes for the
receiver to detect & recover the
transmitted signal
0001
1011
I
Q
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MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
15
MSE would be the average
errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4….
When MSE is very small the
actual signal is very close tothe expected signal
0001
1011
I
Q
e1
e2
e3e4
Proprietary and Confidential
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
16
When MSE is too big, the
actual signal (amplitude &
phase) is too far from theexpected signal
0001
1011
I
Q
e1
e2
e3e4
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Commissioning with MSE in EMS
17
When you commission your
radio link, make sure your MSE
is small
Actual values may be read
-34dB to -35dB
Bigger values will result in loss
of signal
Proprietary and Confidential
MSE and ACM
18
When the errors is too big, we need
a stronger error correction
mechanism (FEC)
Therefore, we reduce the number
of bits per symbol allocated for data
and re-assign the extra bits forcorrection instead
For example –
256QAM has great capacity but
poor immune to noise
64QAM has less capacity but much
better immune for noise
ACM – Adaptive Code Modulation
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Triggering ACM with MSE
19
When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link
When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required
modulation per radio to maintain service
Profile Mod MSE Down-Threshold MSE Up-Threshold
0 QPSK -18
1 8PSK -16 -19
2 16QAM -17 -23
3 32QAM -21 -26
4 64QAM -24 -29
5 128QAM -27 -32
6 256QAM -30 -34
7 512QAM -32 -37
8 1024 QAM SFEC -35 -38
9 1024 QAM WFEC -36 -41
10 2048QAM -39
Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 QAM will be supported in 7.9
The values are typical and sub ject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU
type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative
Proprietary and Confidential
ACM & MSE: An example…
20
It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with
respect to measured MSE.
As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 till MSE improves to -38dB:
MSE-39 -36 -35 -32 -30 -27 -24 -21
Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8 Profile 7 Profile 6 Profile 5 Profile 4 Profile 3
-41
-38
ACM
Profile
-37
-34
Downgrade
2048 QAM
Downgrade
1024 QAM 1024 QAM 512 QAM 256 QAM 128 QAM 64 QAM 32 QAM
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ACM & MSE: An Example
21
When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will
switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.
When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) – ACM
waits till MSE improves to the point of next available upgrade point ( takes longer time to
switch back to the higher profile).
MSE‐39 ‐36 ‐35
Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8
‐41 ‐38
ACM
Profile
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ACM Benefits
22
• The advantages of IP-20N’s dynamic ACM include:
• Maximized spectrum usage
• Increased capacity over a given bandwidth
• 8 to 10 modulation/coding work points (~3 db system gain for eachpoint change)
• Hitless and errorless modulation/coding changes, based on signalquality
• Adaptive Radio Tx Power per modulation for maximal sys tem gain perworking point
• An in tegrated QoS mechanism that enables intell igent congestionmanagement to ensure that high p riority traffic is not affected during
link fading
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ACM and 1+1HSB
23
• When ACM is activated together with 1+1 HSB protection , it isessential to feed the active RFU via the main channel of the coupler(lossless channel), and to feed the standby RFU via the secondarychannel of the coupler (-6db attenuated channel). This maximizessystem gain and opt imizes ACM behavior for the follow ing reasons:
• In the TX direction, the power will experience minimal attenuation.
• In the RX direction, the received signal will be minimally attenuated.Thus, the receiver will be able to lock on a higher ACM profile(according to what is dictated by the RF channel conditions).
• The follow ing ACM behavior should be expected in a 1+1 or 2+2configuration:
• In the TX direction, the Active TX will follow the remote Active RX ACMrequests (according to the remote Active Rx MSE performance).
• The Standby TX might have the same profile as the Active TX, or mightstay at the lowest profile (profile-0). That depends on whether theStandby TX was able to follow the remote RX Active unit’s ACMrequests (only the active remote RX sends ACM request messages).
• In the RX direction, both the active and the standby carriers follow theremote Active TX profile (which is the only active transmitter).
Thank You
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Version 3
Radio Link Parameters
October 2014
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
2
• MRMC
• TX & RX Frequencies
• Link ID
• RSL
• MSE
• Current ACM Profile
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High and Low frequency station
Local site
High station
Remote site
Low station
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)
Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz
Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz
Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)
Full duplex
3
Proprietary and Confidential
IDU ODU IDUODU) ))TSL RSL
Radio Link Parameters
4
To Establish a radio link, we need configure fo llowing parameters:
1. MRMC – Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)
2. TX / RX frequencies – set on every radio
3. Link ID – must be the same on both ends4. Max. TSL – Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]5. Unmute Transceiver – Transceiver is by default muted (is not transmitting)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To verify a radio link, we need control following parameters:
1. RSL – Received Signal Level [dBm] – nominal input level is required
2. MSE- Mean Square Error [dB]3. Current ACM profile
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Modulation RFU‐C with RMC‐A RFU‐C Premium with
RMC‐B
QPSK Profile 0 Profile 0
8QAM Profile 1 Profile 1
16QAM Profile 2 Profile 2
32QAM Profile 3 Profile 3
64QAM Profile 4 Profile 4
128QAM Profile 5 Profile 5
256QAM (strong FEC) Profile 6 N/A
256QAM (weak FEC) Profile 7 Profile 6
512QAM N/A Profile 7
1024QAM (Strong FEC) N/A Profile 8
1024QAM (Light FEC) N/A Profile9
MRMC – Multi Rate Mult i Coding Prof iles
5
Proprietary and Confidential
MRMC Scripts – 1st step
6
Changing script automatically resets dedicated RMC card
1
2
3
N – normal script
X – XPIC script
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Radio Parameters settings
7
2nd step
3th step
4th step
5th step
Proprietary and Confidential
To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the same
frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.
“Link ID Mismatch”
# 101
# 101
# 101
# 102“Link ID
Mismatch”
LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process
8
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Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID
Otherwise, “Link ID Mismatch” alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window
“Link ID Mismatch”
# 101
# 101
# 101
# 102“Link ID
Mismatch”
LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Questions?
10
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Radio Link Setup Exercise
11
Thank You
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Version 1
Automatic Transmit Power Control - ATPC
October 2014
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
2
• Why ATPC?
• How does ATPC works?
• ATPC Vs. MTPC
• ATPC Configuration
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ATPC – Automat ic Transmit Power Control
3
The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies
significantly with time and environment.
This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range,
and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.
• Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter
• Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)
Main Lobe
Side Lobe
Proprietary and Confidential
ATPC – Automat ic Transmit Power Control
1. Enable ATPC on both sites
2. Set Input reference level (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)
3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)
4. Transmitters will reduce Output power to the min. possible level
5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. input level
6. ATPC is strongly recommended with XPIC configuration
ATPC
module
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Receiver
Radio
Receiver
Signal
Quality
Check
‐
Site A Site B
TSL Adjustments
Radio
Feedback
Ref. RSL
Monitored RSL
RSL
required
change
4
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ATPC – Example when ATPC is OFF
MTPC
TSL A = 30dBm
RSL A = ?
MTPC
TSL B = 30dBm
RSL B = ?
RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL) RSL B = -30dBm (TSL A + FSL)
FSL= -60 dBSite A Site B
5
Proprietary and Confidential
ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (One si te ATPC, second si te MTPC)
ATPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm
TSL A = ?
RSL A = ?
MTPC
TSL B = 30dBm
RSL B =?
RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL)
RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)
You want -50dBm on Site B, so what is TXA in Site A?
FSL= -60 dBSite A Site B
6
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ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites)
ATPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm
TSL A = ?
RSL A = ?
RSL A = -50dBm (TSLB + FSL) RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB - FSL)
ATPC
IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL B = ?
RSL B = ?
TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA-FSL)
FSL= -60 dBSite A Site B
7
Proprietary and Confidential
ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both si tes), ATPC range
FSL= -60 dBSite A Site B
ATPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -60dBm
TSL A = ?
RSL A = ?
RSL A = -50dBm (TSL B + FSL) RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)
ATPC
IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL B = ?
RSL B = ?
TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA - FSL)
RSL B is -50dBm because typical ATPC range for TX level is 20dB (depend on RFU type)!!!
It means that TSL A can’t be 0dBm because possible min is 10dBm (Max is 30dBm)
8
Max TSL is 30dBm
ATPC range is 20dBMax TSL is 30dBm
ATPC range is 20dB
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Proprietary and Confidential
ATPC Configuration
9
Thank You
10
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Version 3
IP- 20N XPIC Configuration
November 2014
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
2
• System Spectrum Utilization
• ACAP
• ACCP
• CCDP
• Co-channel System
• IP-20N & XPIC
• XPIC Recovery mechanism
• XPIC Settings
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BW
V
H
System Spectrum Utilization
ACAP (Adjacent Channel Alternating Pol.)
CCDP (Co-Channel Dual Polarisation)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
BW
V
H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ACCP (Adjacent Channel Common Pol.)
BW
V
H
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
3
Proprietary and Confidential
CCDP frequency plan
4
Vertical and Horizontal Polarization are using the same frequency
V
H
1
2
V
H
1
2
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Proprietary and Confidential5
Co-channel Systems
• The XPIC improvement factor is typically 26 dB.
• Two channels are using the same frequency but different polarization
• RMC-B and XPIC script is required
• The XPIC mechanism utilizes the received signals from the V and H modems to extract the V and H signals
and cancel the cross polarization interference due to physical signal leakage between V and H polarizations.
• The H+v signal is the combination of the desired signal H (horizontal) and the interfering signal V (in lower
case, to denote that it is the interfering signal). The same happens with the vertical (V) signal reception=
V+h. The XPIC mechanism uses the received signals from both feeds and, manipulates them to produce the
desired data
• IP-20N’s XPIC reaches a BER of 10e-6 at a co-channel sensitivity of 5 dB. The improvement factor in an
XPIC system is defined as the SNR@threshold of 10e-6, with or without the XPIC mechanism.
Proprietary and Confidential
Conditions for XPIC
6
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