GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BRANCH NAME: Civil Engineering
SUBJECT NAME: Earthquake Engineering
SUBJECT CODE: 2170612
B.E. 7th SEMESTER
Type of course: Applied Mechanics
Prerequisite: Mechanics of Solids, Structural Analysis I & II, Design of Reinforced Concrete
Structure.
Rationale: This subject is conceptual applications of principles of dynamics and earthquake
resistant design & detailing of RC structures. Some special topics like Earthquake resistant
masonry structures, liquefaction, structural controls and seismic strengthening are included aiming
students know that these are challenges in this subject. This subject is useful to understand the
behavior of the structure subjected to earthquake forces and earthquake resistant design of the
structure.
Teaching and Examination Scheme:
Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total
Marks L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks
ESE
(E)
PA (M) ESE (V) PA
(I) PA ALA ESE OEP
3 1 0 4 70 20 10 30 0 20 150
Content:
Sr. No. Content Total
Hrs
% Weightage
1 Earthquake Basics:
Interior of Earth, plate tectonics, faults, consequences of
earthquake, Basic parameters of earthquake, magnitude &
intensity, scales, Seismic zones of India, damages caused during
past earthquakes (worldwide).
3 10
2 Fundamentals of Earthquake Vibrations of buildings Static load v/s Dynamic load (force control and displacement
control), simplified single degree of freedom system, mathematical
modelling of buildings, natural frequency, resonance v/s increased
response, responses of buildings to different types of vibrations
like free and forced, damped and un-damped vibration, response of
building to earthquake ground motion, Response to multi degree
(maximum three) of freedom systems up to mode shapes.
11 25
3 Design Philosophy:
Philosophy of earthquake resistant design, earthquake proof v/s
earthquake resistant design, four virtues of earthquake resistant
11 25
Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory):
Distribution of Theory Marks
R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level
20 30 20 20 5 5
Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create and
above Levels (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)
Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The
actual distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.
Reference Books:
1. Manish Shrikhande & Pankaj Agrawal; Earthquake resistant design of structures, PHI
Publication, New Delhi
2. S.K.Duggal; Earthquake resistance design of structures; Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
3. A.K.Chopra; Dynamics of structures , Pearson, New Delhi
4. Clough & Penzin; Dynamics of structures
5. Park & Pauly; Behaviour of RC structure
6. John M.Biggs; Introduction to Structural Dynamics
7. C V R Murthy - Earthquake Tips, NICEE
8. IITK-GSDMA EQ26 – V -3.0 Design Example of a Six Storey Building
9. S S Rao; Mechanical Vibration; Pearson, New Delhi.
structures (strength, stiffness, ductility and configuration), seismic
structural configuration, Introduction to IS: 1893 (Part I), IS: 875
(Part V). Seismic load: Seismic Coefficient Method – base shear
and its distribution along height. Introduction to Response
spectrum, IS code provisions.
4 Lateral Loads on Buildings:
Lateral Load Distribution (SDOF): Rigid diaphragm effect,
centers of mass and stiffness, torsionally coupled and uncoupled
system.
Lateral Load Analysis: Analysis of frames using approximate
methods like portal & cantilever methods
6 15
5 Ductile Detailing:
Concepts of Detailing of various structural components as per IS:
13920 provisions.
5 10
6 Special topics:
Introduction to Earthquake Resistant Features of un-reinforced &
reinforced masonry Structure, Confined Masonry, Soil
liquefaction, Structural controls, Seismic strengthening.
6 15
10. IS Codes: Criteria for earthquake resistant design General provision & Building - IS: 1893 (Part
I)- 2002
Code of Practice for Ductile Detailing of RC Structures - IS: 13920 (1993).
Code of Practice for earthquake resistant design & Construction of buildings – IS 4326
(1993).
Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings - IS 13827(1993)
Guide lines for Improving Earthquake Resistance low strength masonry buildings - IS
13828 (1993)
Course Outcome:
After learning the course the students should be able to:
1. Determine the response of SDOF & MDOF structural system subjected to vibration
including earthquake.
2. Apply the concept of Earthquake Resistant Design & concept of lateral load distribution on
buildings.
3. Determine the lateral forces generated in the structure due to earthquake.
4. Apply the concept of ductile detailing in RC structures.
Term Work:
Term work shall consist of laboratory works and following:
1. At least 25 problems based on the syllabus of Earthquake Engineering which are uniformly
distributed & graded from each of the topic
2. Seminar/project assigned by the faculty member.
Design based Problems (DP)/Open Ended Problem: (This may be considered as a part of
term work)
1. Site visit of real life structures to understand the irregularities. (Take Photographs)
2. Site visit of construction site to understand ductile detailing. (Take Photographs)
3. Model preparation to understand the behavior of structures under earthquake forces.
List of Experiments:
Following experiments should be carried out in laboratory.
1. Spring Mass model
2. Mode shapes of three storey building
3. Response of structure with & without Shear wall and bracing system
4. Response of building with re-entrant corner
5. Behaviour of structure under pounding
6. (a) Liquefaction potential of clayey & sandy soil (b) Response of structure with isolated,
raft & pile foundation under liquefaction
Major Equipment:
1. Shake table to simulate earthquake
2. Models required to perform above experiments
List of Open Source Software/learning website:
1. www.nicee.org
2. www.eeri.org
3. www.gsdma.org
4. www.ndma.gov.in
5. www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/
6. www.nisee.berkeley.edu/elibrary/getpkg?id=NONLIN
ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS:
Preparation of power-point slides, which include videos, animations, pictures, graphics for better
understanding theory and practical work – The faculty will allocate chapters/ parts of chapters to groups of
students so that the entire syllabus to be covered. The power-point slides should be put up on the web-site
of the College/ Institute, along with the names of the students of the group, the name of the faculty,
Department and College on the first slide. The best three works should submit to GTU.
1. Presentation on study of past Indian & International Earthquakes one each
2. Presentation of any one earthquake tip & every student will participate in Quiz based on
Earthquake Tips.
1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2017
Subject Code: 2170612 Date: 29/04/2017 Subject Name: Earthquake Engineering(Departmental Elective - II) Time: 02.30 PM to 05.00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4.IS 1893 & IS 13920 are permitted
Q.1 (a) Explain four virtues of earthquake resistant design. 07
(b) Explain damped free vibration system in detail. Also derive the
expression for displacement. 07
Q.2 (a) Explain mathematical modelling using appropriate examples. Also
list dynamic parameters of model. 07
(b) A cantilever rod having span 1.2m is subjected to a point load of
98.1 N at its free end. The cross section of beam is square having
12mm side. The system initially at rest was displaced through
40mm and released to vibrate. Determine following
1. Undamped and damped natural frequencies
2. Amplitude after 2 cycles
3. Number of cycles when amplitude reaches to 2mm
Take damping coefficient as 15 N.S/m and modulus of elasticity as
210 GPa.
07
OR
(b) Explain earthquake resistant features of masonry structures. 07
Q.3 Using static coefficient method, calculate lateral forces at each floor
level for an SMRF hospital building frame having following data.
( a ) No. of storey: 10
( b ) Thickness of slab: 160 nun
( c ) Size of Beam & column: 600mm x 600mm
( d) Bays @ x and y direction : 4
( e ) Bays width: 4 m
( f ) Storey height: 3 m
( g ) Finished wall thickness is 250mm for exterior wall
( h ) Live load : 4 kN/m2
Take floor finish as 1 kN/m2. Water proofing of load 1.5 kN/m2 has
been provided at terrace. Assume any additional data if required for
the building frame and neglect the weight of interior infill wall
panels. Building is situated in Ahmedabad.
14
OR
Q.3 (a) Differentiate the following terms
1. Storey drift and storey shear
2. Soft storey and weak storey
3. Importance factor and response reduction factor
06
(b) For the rigid floor shown in the Figure – I, find design lateral forces 08
2
for the columns as per IS 1893 provisions if design lateral force
acting on floor is 200 kN along X direction. All columns are of
same height and size 300x900mm. Mass is uniformly distributed on
the floor.
Q.4 (a) Explain the effect of building configuration on seismic response in
brief. 07
(b) Define liquefaction and explain the causes and remedial measures
of liquefaction. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Describe concept of ductile detailing & explain factors affecting the
ductility of structures in detail. Also explain ductile detailing of
beam – column joint as per IS 13920 – 1993.
07
Q.4 (b) Briefly explain base isolation. 07
Q.5 (a) A three story building frame with uniform floor height of 4m is
having lumped masses of 4.5 tonns, 3.5 tonns and 2.5 tonns at first,
second and third floor respectively with uniform storey stiffness of
650 kN/m at each floor. Calculate natural frequency and
corresponding mode shapes for the fundamental mode only. Also
draw mode shapes.
14
OR
Q.5 (a) Analyze the building frame shown in Figure - II by cantilever
method and draw shear force, bending moment and axial force
diagrams.
10
(b) Define terms: i) Diaphragm action ii) Rigid diaphragm iii) Flexible
diaphragm iv) Centre of mass v) Centre of rigidity 04
*************
Figure - I Figure - II
Page 1 of 3
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VII(NEW) • EXAMINATION – WINTER 2016
Subject Code:2170612 Date:18/11/2016
Subject Name:Earthquake Engineering(Departmental Elective - II)
Time: 10.30 AM to 1.00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Use of IS: 456, IS: 1893, IS: 4326, IS: 13920 and SP: 16 is permitted in exam hall,
provided that they do not contain anything other than the printed matter inside.
Q.1 (a) Figure 1 shows the layout of a typical floor of a 10 storied building.
Consider the following data:
Typical floor height = 3.6 m (slab top to slab top)
Slab thickness = 120 mm
Floor finish = 1 kN/m2
Live load = 4 kN/m2
All beams of 230 mm x 420 mm (including slab)
Columns, CA = 400 mm diameter, CB = 600 mm x 300 mm
Shear walls, SW1 = 150 mm x 1300 mm, SW2 = 150 mm thick
230 mm thick full height brick masonry wall, only on outer periphery of
building.
Modulus of elasticity = 25000 N/mm2.
Calculate the size of shear wall SW2, so that centre of stiffness lies on grid – B
(i.e. xcs = 5 m).
07
(b) Calculate the seismic weight at any typical floor considering the data given in
Q.1 (a).
07
Q.2 (a) Figure 2 shows the plan of single storey building with four shear walls. Consider
the stiffness of shear wall about stronger axis as ‘9k’ and stiffness of about
weaker axis as ‘k’. Calculate the joint forces on each frame considering the storey
shear of 100 kN along earthquake in x-direction.
07
3 m
4 m
3 m
CB CA
1
2
3
4
A B C D
SW2
SW1
CA CA
CA CA
CB CA
CA
CA
3 m 4 m 5 m y
x
Figure 1
Page 2 of 3
(b) Calculate the centre of mass at any typical floor considering the data given in Q.1
(a). (Neglect the self weight and space occupied by columns and shear walls)
07
OR
(b) Figure 3 shows the plan & vertical c/s of building. Determine whether the
building has vertical stiffness irregularity or not considering the lateral force
along ‘x’ direction. Consider circular columns are of size 300 mm diameter and
rectangular of size 300 mm x 460 mm as per orientation. All beams of size = 230
mm x 460 mm, slab thickness = 100 mm, LL at all levels = 3 kN/m2 and FF = 1
kN/m2, modulus of elasticity = 25000 N/mm2.
07
Q.3 (a) Define: Magnitude, Intensity, Hypocenter, Isoseismals, Seismogram, Rayleigh
waves, Tectonic plate. 07
(b) Explain and sketch the provisions of ductile detailing of reinforcement at various
locations in beams. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain the capacity design concept of ductile detailing using chain analogy and
state its application in beam design. 07
(b) Explain: Seismic design philosophy and four important virtues (parameters) of
earthquake resistant design of structures. 07
Q.4 (a) A forced undamped vibration system consists of simply supported beam of 6 m
span which supports a machine of weight 980 kN placed at the centre of the span.
The machine exerts the harmonic force of 15 kN with the forcing frequency of
10 rad/sec. Calculate the maximum dynamic amplitude of vibration for the
system by considering width of beam as 0.5 m and depth as 0.1 m. Consider E =
2 x 105 MPa. Neglect the self-weight of beam.
07
(b) A two storied building has lumped floor weights from bottom to top as 95000 N
& 78500 N with storey stiffness of 5 x 105 N/m and 4 x 105 N/m respectively.
Perform the free vibration analysis & determine natural frequencies and
corresponding mode shape coefficients. Also sketch the mode shapes.
07
OR
A B
4 m
4 m
y
x 1
2
Figure 2
3.5 m
3.5 m
5 m
5 m
3 m
6 m 4 m
x
Figure 3
Page 3 of 3
Q.4 (a) Develop the equation of motion for free damped single degree-of-freedom
system and derive the general solution of displacement response. 07
(b) A Three Storied building has lumped floor weights from bottom to top as 30 kN,
40 kN & 20 kN with storey stiffness of 50,000 N/m, 35,000 N/m & 20,000 N/m
respectively.
From the free vibration analysis the natural frequencies and corresponding mode
shape coefficients are obtained as follows:
ω1 = 1.674 rad/sec, ω2 = 3.913 rad/sec and ω3 = 5.827 rad/sec
{ф1}= {ф11, ф21, ф31}= {0.33, 0.72, 1.0}
{ф2}= {ф12, ф22, ф32}= {-0.47, -0.53, 1.0}
{ф3}= {ф13, ф23, ф33}= {4.97, -2.4, 1.0}
Consider the building as ordinary residential building with ordinary RC moment-
resisting frame (OMRF) proposed on medium soil at Zone III.
Calculate the design lateral forces at each floor in each mode. Also calculate
storey shear force considering participation of all modes using SRSS method.
07
Q.5 (a) An idealized SDOF system consists of a RCC water tank shaft of 4 m outer
diameter & 120 mm wall thickness, which supports a container with lumped
weight of 2800 kN at its top. The effective height of column shaft is 15 m. The
damper offers the resistance of 25 kN at the velocity of 3 m/sec. Calculate the
damping ratio and state whether the system is under damped, over damped or
critically damped. Also calculate the damped frequency. Consider E = 25000
N/mm2.
07
(b) Explain: (i) Types of structural controls.
(ii) Soil liquefaction. 07
OR
Q.5
Figure 4 shows the plan of two storied brick masonry important building
proposed at Zone III. Consider the thickness of wall A & B as 460 mm and of
wall C & D as 340 mm. Decide the maximum size of windows for wall C
considering width of door as 900 mm using IS: 4326 provisions. Also, enlist in
detail with sketches, the necessary strengthening arrangements recommended for
this building as per IS : 4326 provisions.
14
*************
D
8.0 m c/c
3.0 m c/c
Wall A Wall B
Wall C
Wall D
W W
Figure 4 W
1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VI (OLD) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2017
Subject Code: 160605 Date: 01/05/2017 Subject Name: Earthquake Engineering Time: 10:30 AM to 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Use of IS: 1893-2002(Part-1), IS: 13920-1993 and IS: 4326-1993 is permitted.
Q.1 (a) Define following terms:
1. Fault
2. Free Vibration
3. Storey Drift
4. Damping Ratio
5. Retrofitting
6. Dynamic Magnification Factor
7. Design Basis Earthquake
8. Intensity
08
(b) Differentiate between the following:
1. Vibration and Oscillation
2. Centre of Mass and Centre of Stiffness
3. Flexural Failure and Shear Failure
06
Q.2 (a) Derive the expression of Amplitude for single degree free undamped vibration
system with usual notations
07
(b) A water tank is idealized as a single degree of freedom system having
equivalent weight of 15000 kN, damping ratio as 5% and stiffness factor as
25000 kN/m. Calculate (1) the natural time period (2) the damped time period
(3) damping constant and (4) the maximum horizontal displacement at the top
of the water tank if it is excited by a seismic force equivalent to 25,000 sin (5t)
N.
07
OR
(b) A spring mass model consists of 10 kg mass and spring stiffness 8 N/mm and it
was tested for viscous damped vibration. Test recorded two successive
amplitudes 2.0 and 1.75. Determine (1) the natural frequency of undamped
system (2) the logarithmic decrement (3) damping ratio (4) damping coefficient
(5) damped natural period
07
Q.3 (a) Write short note on different types of Seismic Waves generated during
earthquakes.
07
(b) Calculate natural frequencies and time period for the system shown in figure 1. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Enlist the common modes of failure of Masonry Buildings and explain any two
mechanisms in detail.
07
(b) Explain the importance of ductility of structure during its seismic performance
and enlist different types of ductility.
07
Q.4 (a) Explain the Short Column Effects in detail. 07
(b) Explain the theory of Soil Liquefaction in detail. 07 OR
2
Q.4 (a) If a column of size 450 x 450 mm is having the longitudinal reinforcement of
2% of the gross cross sectional area, detail the longitudinal reinforcement of the
column satisfying all criteria of IS 13920-1993 and workout the special
confining hoop reinforcement as per the code along with neat sketch of
longitudinal section. Take the clear height of the column = 4 m, Grade of
Concrete M20, Grade of Steel Fe 415 and clear cover to longitudinal
reinforcement is 40 mm.
07
(b) Explain degrees of freedom in detail with some examples. 07
Q.5 (a) Explain Response Spectrum Method in detail. 07
(b) Explain Base Isolation Techniques in detail. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain in detail the Strong Column – Weak Beam Design approach used in
earthquake resistance design of structure.
07
(b) Explain with neat sketches the techniques of Column Jacketing and Beam
Jacketing.
07
Figure 1
*************
1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE – SEMESTER – VI (OLD).EXAMINATION – WINTER 2016
Subject Code: 160605 Date: 24/10/2016
Subject Name: Earthquake Engineering
Time: 10:30 AM to 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. IS 1893 and IS 13920 are permitted.
Q.1 (a) For a RCC framed school building, find the design seismic base shear and lateral
force at every floor level on the structure using static co-efficient method.
Consider following data.
(1) Location : Bhuj (2) Soil condition : Medium soil
(3) Plan dimension : 2 bays of 4 m each along X direction and 2 bays of 4 m
each along Y direction
(4) Elevation: 3 storey including Ground storey, each 3.5 m floor height
(5) Loading: Dead load is 15 kN/m2 and live load is 3 kN/m2 for floors.
10
(b) Explain importance of vibration analysis in detail. 04
Q.2 (a) Derive an equation of motion for single degree free damped vibration system 07
(b) Explain in detail classification of earthquake. 07
OR
(b) Explain plate tectonic theory and its mechanism. 07
Q.3 (a) Explain the earthquake resistance feature of masonry structures. 07
(b) A vibrating system consisting of a mass of 50 kg and a spring of stiffness 4 ×
104 N/m is viscously damped. The ratio of two consecutive amplitudes is 20:16.
Determine the natural frequency of undamped system. Also find damping ratio
and damped natural frequency.
07
OR
Q.3 (a) Give difference between (1) magnitude and intensity (2) strength and stiffness 07
(b) A SDOF viscously damped system makes five complete oscillation per second.
The amplitude of vibration reduces to 15% in 60 cycles. Find damping ratio.
07
Q.4 (a) Analyze the two bay two storeys RC frame by Portal method. Lateral force of
100 kN & 60 kN is acting at first & second floor respectively. Height of each
storey 4 m. Bay width of each bay is 4 m. Draw shear force and bending
moment diagram.
07
(b) Explain in detail (1) Rigid diaphragm (2) Centre of Mass and Centre of stiffness 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain in detail concept of mathematical modeling 07
(b) Explain soft storey and storey drift in details. 07
Q.5 (a) Explain base isolation techniques in details. 07
(b) Explain how “ductility of building” can be effectively design for earthquake
resistance structure. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain Liquefaction and give remedial measures for it. 07
(b) Discuss the capacity design concept in ductile detailing. 07
*************
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VI- EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2016
Subject Code:160605 Date:11/05/2016 Subject Name:Earthquake Engineering Time: 10:30 AM to 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks. 4. Use of IS 1893 and IS 13920 is permitted.
Q-1 (a) Define following terms:
(1) Epicentre (2) Base Shear (3) Soft storey (4) Damping Ratio (5) Frequency Ratio (6) Dynamic Magnification Factor
6
(b) Differentiate between the following: (1) Magnitude & Intensity (2) Seismograph & Seismogram (3) Iso-seismal & Meizo-seismal (4) Inter-plate & Intra-plate earthquakes
8
Q-2 (a) Derive the expression of displacement for free vibration of damped SDOF system
with usual notations.
7
(b) A spring mass model consists of 10 kg mass and spring of stiffness 15 N/mm was tested for viscous damped vibration. The test recorded two consecutive amplitude is 1.8 cm and 1.3 cm respectively. Determine (i) Natural frequency of un-damped system (ii) Logarithmic decrement (iii) Damping ratio (iv) Damping coefficient (v) Damped natural frequency of system.
7
OR (b) A SDOF system consists of 6 m high column of 500 mm diameter which supports
the heavy mass of 10,500 kg at its top. The system is subjected to a harmonic force of 2000sin80t N. Consider 10% damping and E = 2 × 105 MPa. Calculate the steady state amplitude and also state whether the system will have resonance or not?
7
Q-3 (a) Draw Mathematical Model and Free body diagrams for following: (i) Un-damped Free Vibration of SDOF system (ii) Un-damped (harmonic) excitation of SDOF system (iii) Damped (harmonic) excitation of SDOF system
7
(b) A two storey building is idealized as two springs and masses having the values of the same as k1 = 2 kN/m, k2 = 4 kN/m, m1 = 200 kg and m2 = 100 kg respectively from the foundation. Calculate all the natural frequencies and all the normalized mode shapes.
7
OR Q-3 (a) Locate the center of mass and center of stiffness for the Figure – 1. All column sizes
are 300 mm x 600 mm. 7
(b) Explain various bands and vertical reinforcements for earthquake resistant masonry structures.
7
Q-4 (a) Explain four virtues of earthquake resistant design. 6 (b) Attempt ANY TWO:
(1) Explain various irregularities found in the civil engineering structures from earthquake point of view.
(2) Enlist various codes of practice along with correct name related to earthquake engineering.
(3) Elastic rebound theory
8
OR Q-4 For a RCC framed office building, find the design lateral forces and its
distribution along the height, using static coefficient method. Consider following data:
a) No. of storeys = 4 b) No. of bays in X & Y direction = 5 c) Storey height = 4 m d) Width of each bay = 6 m e) Size of beam = 300 mm × 500 mm f) Size of column = 400 mm × 400 mm g) Thickness of slab = 150 mm h) External wall thickness = 230 mm i) Internal wall thickness = 150 mm j) Parapet wall = 150 mm with 1 meter height k) Live load = 4 kN /m2 l) Location = Ahmedabad m) Type of soil = medium soil
14
Q-5 (a) Analyze the structure as shown in the Figure.2 by Portal method and draw the
bending moment diagram. 7
(b) (i) Define: Liquefaction and state its effects. (ii) Write a note on Structural Control
3 4
OR Q-5 (a) Analyze the structure as shown in the Figure.2 by Cantilever method and draw
the bending moment diagram. 7
(b) Discuss in detail the concepts of the ductile detailing in Column and Footing. 7
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE – SEMESTER – VI EXAMINATION – WINTER 2015
Subject Code:160605 Date:10/12/ 2015 Subject Name: Earthquake Engineering Time: 2:30pm to 5:00pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks. 4. IS 13920, IS 1893, IS 4326 IS 13835and IS 13828 are permitted.
Q.1 (a) Derive expression for the response of SDOF free damped structural system. 07 (b) Write short note on Logarithmic Decrement. 07 Q.2 (a) Explain the term mathematical modeling with taking different examples of
structures. Enlist the dynamic parameters of model also. 07
(b) Determine the natural frequency of a cantilever beam of span L, subjected to mass m on the free end of beam performing the δ displacement.
07
OR (b) Determine the natural frequency of a cantilever beam with spring support at free
end, subjected to mass m on the tip of beam performing the δ displacement. The length of beam is L.
07
Q.3 (a) Explain Rigid diaphragm effect with neat sketch. 07 (b) Define the term: focus, epicenter, epicentral distance, magnitude of earthquake,
intensity of earthquake, PGA and base shear. 07
OR Q.3 (a) Explain earthquake design philosophy for building. 07
(b) Elaborate on the seismic waves developed during earthquake and its effects on structure.
07
Q.4 (a) Explain the salient feature of masonry structure constructed in earthquake prone zone.
07
(b) What is soft storey problem? Explain how soft storey problems can be eliminated in the existing buildings
07
OR Q.4 (a) Explain how ductile design is helpful for better earthquake resistance. 07
(b) What are the assumptions made in portal and cantilever method? State their limitations also.
07
Q.5 (a) Explain the step wise procedure to find the base shear of multistory building with seismic coefficient method with codal provisions.
07
(b) Write short note on Liquefaction and remedial measures. 07 OR
Q.5 (a) Explain the response spectrum method and differentiate this method with other methods also.
07
(b) Explain base isolation techniques in details. 07
*************
1
1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VI EXAMINATION – Summer 2015
Subject Code:160605 Date:12/05/2015
Subject Name: Earthquake Engineering
Time: 10.30AM-01.00PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Use of IS: 1893-2002(Part-1), IS: 13920-1993 and IS: 4326-1993 is permitted.
Q.1 (a) For a two storey Steel framed railway station building with concentric bracing and
without infill wall, find the seismic base shear, using equivalent lateral load
method. Consider following data. (i) Location : Ahmedabad (ii) Soil condition :
Medium soil (iii) Plan dimensions : 3 bays of 4 m each along X direction and 4
bays of 3 m each along Y direction. The intensity of dead load including column,
beam and slab is 12 kN/m2. Consider Live load on floor 3 kN/m2. Consider 20 %
damping. Height of floor is 3m.Also plot lateral load distribution diagram.
09
(b) Answer following questions. 05
1. Define Resonance.
2. Evaluate with reason: For very stiff system PGA is equal to ZPA.
3. In which type of wave propagation volume of the medium changes but shape
does not change? Explain.
4. Give difference between accelerogram and accelerogroph.
5. What are the basic elements of any mathematical model in Earthquake
engineering? Give the equation of forced damped vibration for SDOF system.
Q.2 (a) For a square column of size 400 mm X 400 mm work out the diameter of the
special confining hoop reinforcement as per IS:13920-1993. Take the concrete
grade M 25 and steel grade Fe 415. Clear cover to longitudinal reinforcement is
40 mm.
07
(b) Derive the equation of damped free vibration of single degree of freedom system. 07
OR
(b) Define Logarithmic decrement, how it is measured and derive the equation of
Logarithmic decrement.
07
Q.3 (a) A two storey single bay RC frame is supported by four corner columns. Building
is located in Surat has lumped floor weights of 200 kN & having storey stiffness
80 kN/m at every floor level. Perform free vibration analysis and determine all
natural frequencies & sketch all mode shape.
09
(b) An acceleration response spectrum for SDOF system having 5% damping is
shown in figure 1. Calculate maximum base shear and moment if the time period
of the system is 0.5 sec. Take mass 8000 kg and height 4 m. What is the peak
ground acceleration for this ground motion?
05
OR
Q.3 (a) A spring mass model consists of 10 kg mass and spring with stiffness 7 N/mm,
was tested for viscous damped vibration. Test recorded two successive amplitudes
2and 1.5 Determine the natural frequency of undamped system, the logarithmic
decrement, damping ratio, damping coefficient, damped natural period.
07
2
(b) Set up the equation of motion for the following damped SDOF system without
external force and solve for the response under given condition.
K=320 N/m, m= 5 kg, c= 4 N-s/m, x(0)=1 and xͦ(0)=7.6.
07
Q.4 (a) Explain earthquake resistant features of masonry structures. 07
(b) Give difference between (i) magnitude and intensity (ii) Soft storey and weak
storey.
07
OR
Q.4 (a) Write short note on (i) Types of waves (ii) Earth interior. 07
(b) Explain elastic rebound theory in detail. 07
Q.5 (a) Analyze the three bay two storeys RC frame by Portal method. Lateral force of
200 kN & 120 kN is acting at first & second floor respectively. Height of first and
second storey is 4 m and 3 m respectively. Bay width of each bay is.4 m. Draw
axial force, shear force and bending moment diagram.
07
(b) Write short note on liquefaction. Explain factors affecting liquefaction. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain in detail (i) Rigid floor Diaphragm effect (ii) Torsionally coupled and
uncoupled system
07
(b) Enlist the different methods of structural control and explain any one in detail. 07
Figure-1
*************
1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VI • EXAMINATION – WINTER • 2014
Subject Code: 160605 Date: 03-12-2014
Subject Name: Earthquke Engineering
Time: 02:30 pm - 05:00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Use of IS 1893 and IS 13920 is permitted
Q.1 Using seismic coefficient method estimate the storey lateral forces at each floor level
for a RCC framed office building and draws the distribution of storey lateral forces and
shear.
Use following data
(i) No. of storey and height: 5 storey with 3.5 m storey height
(ii) No. of bays : 4 bays along X and Y direction
(iii) Bay width: 5 m along, both X and Y direction
(iv) Slab Thickness : 125 mm
(v) Size of beam : 0.3 m (width) x 0.45 m (depth below soffit)
(vi) Size of column : 0.40 m x 0.40 m
(vii) Wall : 150 mm thick brick masonry All
(viii) Parapet: 1 m high 230 mm thick brick masonry
(ix) Live Load : 4 kN/m2
(x) Location : Gandhidham (Kutchh)
14
Q.2 (a) Choose most appropriate answer from the given alternatives.
(i) Zone factor generally represents..
(A) Seismicity of a region
(B) Importance of the structure
(C) Size of Structure
(D) None of these
(ii) Generally damping for steel structure is taken as..
(A) 5% of critical damping
(B) 2% of critical damping
(C) 10% of critical damping
(D) 20% of critical damping
(iii) Fastest seismic waves are…
(A) Love waves
(B) Raleigh waves
(C) P waves
(D) None of these
(iv) Generally Intensity of earthquake….
(A) Increases away from the epicenter
(B) Remains constant
(C) Decreases away from the epicenter
(D) None of these
(v) The Himalaya has immerged from which inter plate interaction?
(A) Divergent Plate Boundary
(B) Convergent Plate Boundary
(C) Transformed Plate Boundary
(D) None of these
07
2
(vi) Earthquake is classified as shallow focus if focal depth is ….
(A) Less than 70 km
(B) Less than 7 km
(C) Less than 14 km
(D) Less than 700 km
(vii) Maximum intensity scale based on MSK scale is….
(A) X
(B) V
(C) XI
(D) XII
(b) Derive the motion equation for the forced undamped vibration. 07
OR
(b) Derive the motion equation for the free damped vibration 07
Q.3 (a) List the four virtues of good earthquake resistance design and describe any one in detail. 07
(b) List and sketch the earthquake resistance feature of ordinary brick masonry structure. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain soft storey? Explain how soft storey problems can be eliminated in the existing
buildings.
07
(b) Explain how ductile design is helpful for better earthquake resistance. 07
Q.4 (a) For a floor slab shown in the fig.1, Locate centre of mass and stiffness. Find design
eccentricity and torsional moment if 200 kN force acts long Y direction. All columns
are of 300 X 600 mm c/s with same height. Mass is uniformly distributed.
07
(b) Write short note on Liquefaction and remedial measures 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Write short note on structural control 07
Q.4 (b) Describe various strengthening methods for RCC columns and beams through
illustrative sketches.
07
Q.5 (a) Analyse the plane frame shown in the fig. 2 using an appropriate approximate method
and sketch SF and BM diagram.
07
(b) The building frame shown in the Fig.3 is given a 120 mm lateral displacement and
released from the rest to vibrate freely. Find the logrithmatic decrement and
displacement of the system after 10 cycles and comments on the result. Consider 5%
damping. Take EIcolumn = 1.2 x 1012 Nmm, EIbeam = ∞.
07
OR
Q.5 (a) What is mathematical modeling? Enlist the dynamic parameters of model. Prepare
mathematical model of the system shown in the fig.4 and find natural frequency of the
system.
07
(b) A SDOF vibrating system is having following parameters.
m= 10 kg , k=80 N/m ,C=10 N s /m.
Determine (i) Damping Factor (ii) Natural Frequency ( iii) Damped frequency (iv)
Logarithmic decrement (iv) No. of cycles after which the original amplitude reduces to
25 % .
07
3
********
Fig.1-Q-4(a)
8 m
8 m
4 m
1000 kg
Fig.3 Q-5(b)
6 m 6 m
Fig.2-Q-5(a)
4 m
120 kN
60 kN
4 m
K=15 N/mm
50 mm dia.1 m long
MS Rod
m=15 kg
Fig.4 Q-5 (a) OR
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VI • EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2014
Subject Code: 160605 Date: 26-05-2014 Subject Name: Earthquake Engineering Time:10.30 am to 01.00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
Q.1 (a) Calculate lateral forces in the critical direction at each floor level for a building of
government office having building frame with following data by collector office seismic coefficient method. also draw lateral load distribution diagram & shear diagram. (a) No. of storeys =5 (b) No. of bay of X & Y direction=7 (c) Storey height=3.5 m (d) width of each bay in X & Y direction=6 m (e) Size of beam=0.3 m ˟ 0.45 m (f) Size of column=0.45 m ˟ 0.45 m (g) Wall thickness =0.230 meter (h) L.L.=4 KN/m2
(i) Location:- Gandhinagar
14
Q.2 (a) (i)What points should be kept in mind while designing earthquake resistant brick masonry structure? (ii)Describe seismic waves in detail.
07
(b) Derive an equation for single degree undamped vibration system. 07 OR (b) Rigid frame shown in Fig.1, having infinitely rigid girder which is disturbed
horizontally by initial condition of X0=0, X0=4 m/s, t=0. (a)Find natural period and frequency (b)The displacement and velocity at any time t.
07
Q.3 (a) Explain base isolation techniques in details. 07 (b) Explain how “ductility of building” can be effectively designed 07 OR Q.3 (a) (i) Discuss Seismography and its applications
(ii)Define: Focus, Epicenter and Foreshocks 07
(b) Explain how rigid diaphragm effect can be considered while analyzing buildings for seismic forces.
07
Q.4 (a)
(b)
Q.4 (a)
(b)
Q.5 (a)
(b)
Q.5 (a) (b)
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*****
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1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VI • EXAMINATION – WINTER 2013
Subject Code: 160605 Date: 04-12-2013
Subject Name: Earthquake Engineering
Time: 02.30 pm - 05.00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Draw neat and clean sketches whenever required.
5. IS 13920, IS 1893, IS 4326 IS 13835and IS 13828 are permitted.
Q.1 (a) A four storied square RC framed building shown in Fig. 1 with live load 4
kN/m2 is to be constructed in Surat. Work out seismic forces on the structure by
seismic coefficient method using IS 1893. All beams and columns size 300mm
x 400 mm. Thickness of roof and floor slab 120 mm thick. Wall is of 150 mm
thick all around. Height of each floor 3m. Density of concrete 25 kN/m3.
10
(b) Explain in short “Rigid Diaphragm Effect”. 04
Q.2 (a) Locate the center of mass and center of stiffness for the Fig. 2. All column sizes
are 300 mm x 600 mm. 07
(b) Discuss the behavior of the following masonry walls in seismic regions.
(i) Unreinforced masonry wall
(ii) Reinforced Masonry wall
(iii) Infill masonry wall.
07
OR
(b) Draw the detailed sketch of (i) Different ways of beam jacketing as IS code and
(ii) Placing of vertical bars and closed ties in columns as per IS code. 07
Q.3 (a) Explain the terms (i) Story drift and story shear (ii) soft story and weak story 08
(b) With detail sketch explain the essential requirements to ensure box action in a
masonry building. 06
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain earthquake design philosophy for buildings. 07
(b) Explain seismic surface waves with schematic diagrams. 07
Q.4 (a) Derive the equation of motion and its solution for forced damped vibration
system. 08
(b) Write short note on mathematical modeling. 06 OR
Q.4 (a) Derive the equation of motion and its solution for forced undamped vibration
system. 08
(b) Write short note on “Logarithmic Decrement”. 06
Q.5 (a) A spring mass dashpot system having a spring of stiffness of 343 N/m. the mass
of 3.43 kg displaced 32 cm beyond the equilibrium position and release to
vibrate. Derive the equation of motion for the given system. Assume damping
coefficient = 13.72 N.s/m.
07
(b) Explain the term in detail “Peak Ground Acceleration”. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in Fig.3. EI = 3 x 1013
N.mm2.
07
(b) Write in short note on “Soil Liquefaction” and its effect. 07
1
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VI • EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2013
Subject Code: 160605 Date: 30-05-2013 Subject Name: Earthquake Engineering Time: 10.30 am - 01.00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks. 4. IS 1893 Part 1 2002 & IS 13920 – 1993 are allowed in the examinations
Q.1 (a) Derive expression for the response of free damped SDOF structural system. 07
(b) Force-Displacement relationships are shown in fig (1) for three different materials. Arrange these materials in descending order with proper calculation for following criteria
1. Strength 2. Stiffness 3. Ductility 4. Energy absorption capacity
Also give your opinion about material which is the best among all with respect to above criteria.
Q.2 (a) State whether following statements are true or false. Give logical reason for your answer :
1. Numbers of intra-plate earthquakes in world are more than numbers of inter-plate earthquakes.
2. Kochi is having maximum earthquake risk. 3. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) & Zero period acceleration (ZPA) are
same. 4. Performance of shear walls which are located near geometric centre of
building is better than the identical shear wall located on periphery. 5. A building is located on the boundary of zone IV & V. It will be
designed as if it is in zone IV. 6. Code specifies higher value of R for building having better performance. 7. Two identical building to be constructed in zone IV & V. Building in
zone V should be designed for lower lateral load than building in zone IV.
07
(b)
(b)
A two bay single storey RCC plane frame in which lumped mass of 20 tonne is supported on three columns (AB, CD & EF) having fixed support. LAB = 0.5 LCD = 0.25 LEF = 2 m Calculate (i) (i) Natural frequency of damped vibration (ii) BM & SF at support for the RCC frame after five cycles of vibration if floor is displaced horizontally by 300mm & suddenly released. Assume rigid diaphragm action. Take fck = 25 MPa & size of column 600 mm x 600 mm. Assume 8% damping.
OR Explain the phenomenon of resonance. A SDOF system consists of 5 m high column of 300 mm diameter which supports the heavy mass of 20 tonne at its top. The system is subjected to a harmonic force of 200 Sin 50t kN. Consider 20% damping & E = 2.1 x 105
N/mm2. Calculate the maximum dynamic amplitude. Also state whether system will have resonance or not?
07 07
Q.3 (a) Calculate base shear for hotel of Gujarat Tourism (100 rooms) in Mount Abu with following data by static coefficient method.
07
2
(a) No. of storey = 15 (b) No. of bay in x direction = 2 I No. of bay in y direction = 5 (d) storey height = 4.0 m (e) Width of each bay = 5 m (f) Size of beam = 300 x 450 mm (g) size of column = 600 x 300 m (h) LL = 3 kN/m2 (i) Thickness of slab = 150 mm (j) Damping = 9% of critical damping (k) Type of soil = Soft soil Assume suitable data if required. Write all your assumptions & clauses of IS 1893 (2002).
(b) Ref Q 3 (a) Calculate lateral forces at each floor level. Also draw distribution of lateral force at each floor level.
07
OR Q.3 (a) Explain any two
1. Philosophy of Earthquake resistant design. Give four virtue of good earthquake resistant design.
2. Differentiate Static DOF & Dynamic DOF. Explain assumptions to reduce dynamic DOF of multi-storey building.
3. Differentiate (i) Magnitude & Intensity (ii) Seismograph Vs Seismogram (iii) S wave & Love wave (iv) center of mass & center of stiffness
07
(b) Attempt any two 1. Explain mathematical modeling in detail. Draw mathematical model for
any two structural system. 2. Enlist various codes of practice along with correct name related to
earthquake engineering. 3. Elastic rebound theory
07
Q.4 (a) Attempt any two
1. Explain various irregularities found in the civil engineering structures from earthquake point of view.
2. Enlist two major/great Indian intra-plate & two interpolate earthquake with usual details.
3. Two pendulums are hanging on an ideal spring. The frequency of first pendulum is twice the frequency of second pendulum & the mass of first pendulum is four times the mass of second pendulum. What is the stiffness of the second pendulum with respect to first?
07
(b) Analyze the 4 bay two storey RC frame by any appropriate approximate method of analysis if 400 kN & 200 kN forces are acting at first & ground storey. Draw axial force, shear force & bending moment diagram. Height of floor = 5 m & bay width is 4 m.
07
OR Q.4 (a) Attempt any two
1. Explain soft storey & discuss its performance of soft storey building in past earthquakes. How will you avoid soft storey?
2. Explain the concept of base isolation. Discuss its suitability. 3. A spring mass (k1, m1) system has a natural frequency f1. Calculate the value
of stiffness of other spring which when connected to k1 in series decreases the frequency by 50%.
07
Q.4 (b) A 10 m high single storey industrial RC building (SDOF) having plan dimension 20 m x 15 m is located in Delhi. Floor slab of the building is supported on four corner columns. Calculate the eccentricity & carry out lateral load distribution as per IS 1893 Part I 2002 if 2700 kN force is acting at floor level. Size of columns are 300 mm x 300 mm
07
Q.5 (a) Explain ductile detailing of column as per IS 13920 – 1993. Also give limitation
of this code. 07
3
(b) a. A SDOF system having the amplitude of vibration in successive cycle are 0.90, 0.45, 0.23, 0.11 units respectively. Determine damping ratio of the system.
b. Earthquake force acting in horizontal direction at the top of a single storey building frame is 2000 kN. & slab is supported on three columns. What is the shear force distribution in the column if column having different moment of inertia? Take (I)1 = 0.5(I)2 = 0.25(I)3
07
OR Q.5 (a) For the two storey building frame having lumped masses 20 tonne at floor
levels having first storey stiffness 60 kN/m & second storey stiffness is 90 kN/m. Perform free vibration analysis & draw all mode shapes. Also calculate the length of 300 mm thick shear wall at ground storey to avoid soft storey effect.
07
(b) Explain following 1. Earthquake resistant feature of masonry structure. 2. Liquefaction and give remedial measures for it.
07
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