Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and
Social Protection
ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction (ILO/CRISIS)
Defining the baseline data
ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction (ILO/CRISIS)
Where are we?
Livelihood Baseline
PRE-DISASTER PHASE
POST-DISASTER ASSESSMENT AND APPEAL PHASE
DETAILED PROGRAMMING PHASE
Location within the assessment process
Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario
Objectives of livelihoods baseline data:
The livelihood baseline is intended to meet the following specific objectives:
Provide a robust basis for making estimates of the impact of disasters on livelihoods;
Provide a quantitative framework into which the findings of rapid and mainly qualitative studies can be located.
Livelihoods baseline information helps emergency workers know in advance about the population of the affected area.
Livelihood baseline information is an essential part of Disaster Preparedness.
Baseline data should be collected in advance, and kept updated, on areas and populations likely to suffer disasters and crisis of various sorts.
To be properly prepared, baseline data would require not only the collection and assembly of information, but a clever use of statistical and analytical skills.
Special attention must also be given to the manipulation of primary data found in sample surveys and censuses, as well as to the interpretation of secondary data and qualitative sources.
About the baseline:
Livelihoods are based on the combination of sources of income in a household
Types of livelihoods
Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario
LIVELIHOOD TYPOLOGIES Wage-work households Employer households Farm self-employment
households Non-farm self-employment
households
No employment households (various sources of sustenance: rental income, pensions, remittances, helps from relatives, money interest, etc.)
Unemployed households Households without information
Why is it important to collect information on livelihoods?
How to collect this information? What are the main sources of information for
livelihoods data?
Establishing the baseline:
Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods
Areas of coverage
Updating baseline
information
Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario
Focused on households: Population census Household and labour force
surveys Social security records Qualitative livelihood studies
(zones, types)
Focused on units of economic activity: Agricultural census and surveys Economic censuses and surveys
Assembling the data collected
Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario
Census data: Universal coverage Provide small area resolution
(villages, districts, sub districts)
Survey data: Sample Usually provide wide area
resolution only (regions, provinces)
Disasters frequently hit specific areas, not entire regions or provinces: Census data are needed to quantify
features of the specific disaster area
Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods
Areas of coverage
Updating baseline
information
Assembling the data collected
Update population numbers and composition: Consider differences between
urban and rural population growth
Consider refugee movement since last census
Also: Update should be based in recent
information (5 years) Use UN population projections for
entire country Use national projections for
provinces and areas
Update labour market numbers: Consider changes in labour
participation rates (by sector, age and sex)
Consider change in employment structure
Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario
Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods
Areas of coverage
Updating baseline
information
Assembling the data collected
Assembling the data: The various pieces of information
collected for the baseline should be assembled with the goal of qualitative and quantitatively characterizing livelihoods.
Also: There is no general recipe to do
this, since the socio-economic realities and data availability vary widely.
Indications and examples: This presentation conveys only
some general indications and examples, to be adapted to particular situations.
Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario
Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods
Areas of coverage
Updating baseline
information
Assembling the data collected
ORGANIZATION TIPSSetting-up an inventory with the documents collected
Document number
Title Type Description Location Notes
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
TYPE: The type of document refers to the specific format (e.g. Excel, Word, PDF, Power Point, Photo, DAT, etc.)
DESCRIPTION: It usually refers to the type of information that can be extracted from the document (e.g. labour participation rates, GDP composition, consumer price index, etc.)
LOCATION: Detailing the location of the file is very useful especially when the number of documents collected is high. In general, using hyperlinks is the best and easiest way to do this.
NOTES: It is also important to mention the type of use given to the document. For instance, inform if the information contained in the document was used to estimate the number of workers in a specific sector.
Population baseline information
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
0 - 4
5 - 9
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 +
Total
Area B …Population by sex and age group
Area A
Age brackets should be adapted to available data
Prepare tables about population in the area at risk, or most closely overlapping administrative divisions
Population baseline information
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
District
District 1
District 2
…
District n
Households and population in area at risk, urban and rural areas
Households Population
District
District 1
District 2
…
District n
Average household size
Households and population by area and settlement
Settlement HouseholdsTotal
population
Locate human settlements in areas at risk and put them on the map, indicating their relative size from small hamlets to towns or cities
A “settlement” may be a town, a neighborhood within a town, a village, a hamlet or any other identifiable location or small area and reference date
Population baseline information
1 - 3 members
4 - 6 members
7 - 9 members
10 + members
Total households
Household size Area A …Area BIn case household composition is available, or raw data can be re-analyzed to produce the necessary information, a table should be produce showing the various forms of household composition
These forms may be adapted to local realities. A typical example may include he following forms: Complete nuclear family One parent with children present A couple with no children present Extended family Composite group Person living alone Non family group
Livelihood assets baseline information
Private assets of households
Male Female 15 to 24 25 to 59 60 + 1 2 ...
Large
Medium
Small
Micro
Self-employed
Total
TotalSex Age Affected areas
Entreprise size
Livelihood assets baseline information
% of households with commerce shops
Total
in the home
in another locale
% of households with workshops
Total
in the home
in another locale
% of households with fishing boats (large)*
% of households with fishing boats (small) *
% of households using tractor**
% of households owning tractors, trucks, lorries or pickups
% of households with other equipment or facilities (specify)
(**) Only for farming areas where use of tractor is relevant
…
(*) Only for fishing communities. "Large" or "Small" as defined locally
Private business equipment and facilities Area A Area B
Categories should be adapted to particular cases and availability of data
Private assets of households
Livelihood assets baseline information
Only owned
Only tenancy
Mixed
Total
Land tenure forms Farms involved Land involved
Size brackets should be adapted to local distribution
0 - 0.49 Ha
0.5 - 0.99 Ha
1.0 - 1.99 Ha
…
Farms and land by farm size
Farms Total land Cultivable
Cattle
Sheep
Goat
Horses
Donkeys
…
Total livestock heads
Livestock holdings Total ownersAverage livestock heads per owner
Private assets of households
Livelihood assets baseline information
% of households with cars
% of households with motorcycles
% of households with bycicles
Vehicles owned by household Area A Area B …
Private assets of households
“Inadequate” walls and roofs are to be defined locally in relation to local custom and climate, and to probable disasters (e.g. flooding, earthquake)
% of houses with inadequate walls
% of houses with inadequate roofing
% of houses with access to safer water within 5 min walk
% of houses with sanitation (WC, septic tank letrine)
Housing and sanitation infrastructure Area A Area B …
% of households with electricity
% of households with ground telephone
% of households with mobile telephone
% of households with fridge
% of households cooking with wood or dry dung
Household facilities (other than water and sanitation)
Area A Area B …
Note on public and communal assets
RoadsBesides mapping all roads in the area, indicate cover, quality, practicability in bad weather, authority responsible for maintenance, frequency of maintenance.
Electricity and water networkIndicate whether electricity is locally generated or comes from national or regional network, origin of power (hydroelectric, thermal, combined), stability f supply, frequency of blackouts or brownouts, and geographic coverage of the network.Origin of water supply, geographic coverage of distribution network, safety, stability.
Communal facilities:Communal silos or other shared storage facilities, and other communal facilities: covered marketplace, slaughterhouse, docks, communal pastureland, etc.
Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information
Age brackets should be adapted to available data, starting with the minimum age for census or survey questions concerning labour.
Total pop.
Labour force LFPR*
Total pop.
Labour force LFPR*
Total pop.
Labour force LFPR*
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 +
FemalesTotal MalesLabour force by sex and age group in Area …
If possible, one table for each relevant area (districts, municipalities, localities)
Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Population over minimum age*
Total 100 100 100
Labour supply*
Labour force
Employed population
Open unemployment
Hidden unemployment**
Total unemployment
Population, labour supply and employment in Area …
Population Population (in percent)
(*) Minimum age for census or survey questions concerning labour varies across countries. Data typically refer to people over 10, or people over 15. Specify the minimum age considered.
(**) Hidden unemployment and consequently labour supply depend on labour availabil ity for work, even if not actively looking for a job, and are often not measured in censuses and surveys. Leave blank if data not available.
If possible, one table for each relevant area (districts, municipalities, localities)
Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information
Employed
Wage workers
Self-employed
Employers
Unpaid family help
Not employed*
Under minimum age**
Unemployed (looking for a job)
Pensioner
Handicapped or disabled
Attending school
Housekeeping only
Other situations or unspecified
(*) Categories may slightly vary across countries
(**) Under minimum age to be questioned about employment
Total Males FemalesOccupational condition of employed and not employed people in Area …
Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information
Sector
Agriculture*
Mining
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, water
Construction
Transport, storage, communications
Commerce, restaurants, hotels, etc.
Business services (banking, etc.)
Public servants
Other social and communal services
Unspecified
(*) If necessary break down into sub-sectors (e.g. commercial, subsistence, fisheries, etc.)
Sector of employment at Area … Total Males Females
Sectorial breakdown may vary across countries
Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information
Sector
Agriculture*
Mining
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, water
Construction
Transport, storage, communications
Commerce, restaurants, hotels, etc.
Business services (banking, etc.)
Public servants
Other social and communal services
Unspecified
(*) If necessary break down into sub-sectors (e.g. commercial, subsistence, fisheries, etc.)
Sector and category of employment at Area …
Total Self-employed Wage Employer Farm help
Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information
Location 1
Location 2
Location 3
…
Location n
Area, locality or settlement (locations)
Type of business
No. of businesses
Total people employed
Total hired workers
For each small area or locality, a table indicating the number of shops, industries or businesses is to be prepared, indicating if possible the number of total and particularly hired workers they employ.
Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information
Farm self-employment
Non-Farm self-employment
Employer
Wage work
Unemployed
No employment
No information
Number of households by type of livelihood and area
Area A Area B …
Farm self-employment
Non-Farm self-employment
Employer
Wage work
Unemployed
No employment
No information
Total household members by type of livelihood and area
Area A Area B …
If re-processing raw data is not an option, data on individual employment by sector and category may be used to estimate the relative importance of individual forms of employment, but interpretation should take into account that a single household may include various kinds of employment.
Period of reference:
The span of time over which the employment situation is defined or measured (e.g. on census day, or the past week, or the past month). Normally a minimum period of activity is required (e.g. “employed” people during the last week must have been employed at least one day, or at least one hour, during the week of reference).
Employment:
Engagement in work activities conductive to earning personal or household income, be it monetary or not. Includes working for a wage, self-employment, and family help. The self-employed are classified as employers when they hire outside help. Family help is regarded as employed only if it is engaged in the production of goods and services for the market, or in subsistence agriculture. In some countries, a minimum number of hours of work per week (e.g. 15 hours) is required to regard family help as employed in subsistence agriculture or other activities.
Open unemployment:
The condition of people not employed but actively looking for a job.
Key definitions and concepts
Labour force:
People employed or actively looking for a job.
Labour supply:
People employed, actively looking for a job, or available to work if the opportunity arises.
Hidden unemployment:
The condition of people neither employed nor openly unemployed, but available for work if the opportunity arises.
TO REVISE
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