Presented by: Bruce Black Art.com
This is the culmination of years of study and practice that began back during the ancient Greek periods.
A Brief Survey
Mycenaean Civilization: 1900 – 1100 B.C.E. The Dark Ages: 1100 – 800 B.C.E.
Archaic Age: 800 – 479 B.C.E.
Hellenic (Classical) Age: 479 – 323 B.C.E.
Hellenistic Age: 323 B.C.E. – 31 B.C.E.
Feudal Society Fortress-Palaces on Hilltops Skilled craftsmen, artists – ceramics,
metalwork (gold, bronze) Extensive trade, warfare in Eastern
Mediterranean Trojan War, ca. 1250 B.C.E.
Dorian Invasions (Greeks) destroy Mycenaean Civilization
Writing System, skilled craftsmen, artisans disappear
Contact with other Eastern Mediterranean cultures very limited.
Greek Culture begins to emerge Epic Poetry:
• Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey: ca. 800 B.C.E. Lyric Poetry:
• Sappho’s Poems: ca. 600 B.C.E. Architecture: The Doric Temple
• Temple of Hera at Paestum, ca. 560-550 B.C.E.• Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, 510 B.C.E.
Politics: • Cleisthenes est. democracy in Athens: 508
B.C.E.
Kouros – nude male statues Kore – clothed female statues
• A new emphasis on the beauty of human body
• Seem to have depicted human heroes; • Seem to have been used as memorials• Early Kouros show strong Egyptian influence
http://www.iub.edu/~c101/images/new-york-kouros.jpg
New York Kouros: ca. 615-590 B.C.E.New York Kouros: ca. 615-590 B.C.E.
Photo: Keith Schengili-Roberts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image: Used by permission
Pharoah Menkaure and Chief Queen, ca. 2525Pharoah Menkaure and Chief Queen, ca. 2525 B.C.E. B.C.E.
http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/greek_kore.jpg
Peplos Kore, Archaic Period, Limestone, ca. 600 B.C.E.
http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/greek_kore.jpg
•Found on the Acropolis of Athens
•Egyptian pose modified; less rigid
•Missing left hand extended forward (not across chest)
•Right arm is bent forward slightly
•Hair is looser, less wig-like
•Clothing is not given much detail, but the shape of the body is more clearly depicted
•Archaic Smile/Facial Expression overall – more natural
•Made of marble
Modern Attempt at recreating original painted version of the Peplos Kore, Archaic Period
Cambridge University, www.chu.cam.ac.uk
•Chiton – blue garment visible near ankles•Peplos – red garment worn over chiton•Meniskos – umbrella-like head covering
http://www.iub.edu/~c101/images/anavyssos-kouros-color.jpg
Anavyssos Kouros: ca. 530 B.C.E.
Memorial to a young man named Kroisos who died in battle
Inscription on base of statue reads:“Stand and mourn for Kroisos now dead Whom wild Ares struck down at the battleline's head.”
Material: Parian marble
Severe StyleHigh classical style
Kritios Boy, Acropolis Museum in Athens, Marble, ca. 480 B.C.E.Classical/Severe Style
Photo: Marsyas, 2007 Wikipedia CommonsUsed by permission
Kritios Boy, detail
Photo: Marsyas, 2007 Wikipedia CommonsUsed by permission
• intended to convey nobility and dignity
• First phase of Greek classical sculpture
• Contrapposto (counterpoise): a posture that places the body's weight on one leg and uses the other leg as a support.
• Trend toward greater naturalism Muscles/anatomy skillfully represented;
• Slight tilt of the head and contrapposto undermine frontality
Attempted to represent motion
Attempted to represent ideal beauty
Marble copy of bronze original by Polykleitos
Polykleitos – developed a canon of beauty based on proportional relationships among body parts.
Example: the ideal ratio head/body size is 1/7.
Opposite arms and legs balance each other
Classical: Zeus Throwing a Lightning Bolt or Poseidon Throwinga Spear ca. 460 B.C.E. Bronze, 6’11” high
www.historyforkids.org
Melodrama & Motion
By [http://www.flickr.com/photos/antmoose/ antmoose] {{cc-by-2.0}} This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 License.
The Dying Gaul, ca. 230-220 B.C.E. Roman copy of bronze orig.
Public Domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Laocoon02.jpg
Laocoon and His Sons Attacked by Serpents (Hellenistic) 175-150 B.C.E. marble perhaps original)
Laocoon, Detail
Photo: Jastrow, 2003. PD: Selfhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Laocoon_Vatican_detail.jpg
Winged Victory of Samothrace/Nike of Samothrace
Marcus Aurelius, fragments of a bronze portrait, after 170 CE.
Photograph: Jastrow 2005. Used by permission.http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Marcus_Aurelius_frag_bronze.jpg
Marcus Aurelius - bust in the Louvre, ParisSource: English Wikipedia, original upload 4 June 2004 by ChrisO
Bust of Cato the Elder
Public domain image. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cato.jpeg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Musei_Capitolini-testa_bronzea_di_Costantino-antmoose.jpg Photo by Anthony Majanlahti, June 4, 2005.Used by permission
Bronze head of Constantine I, Musei Capitolini, Rome. 4th c. C.E.
Head of the colossal marble statue of Constantine I, Musei Capitolini, Rome
Photographer: Markus Bernet Date: 07/10/2004 Used by permissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg
Presented by: Bruce Black Art.com
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