7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
1/103
GREEK AND ROMAN
ARCHITECTURE
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
2/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
3/103
Greek Period
Denominated as perfect art.
Between VII B.C.- I A.D.
Located in poor lands, colonization of other lands.
Politically from aristocracy to democracy.
New philosophies: idealism, humanism andrationalism.
Religion through mythology. They use myths tounderstand the world and educate people.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
4/103
The Greek art looks for theperfection, they introduce the
beauty canon.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
5/103
3 periods
Archaic Period (VII B.C.-VI B.C.)
Classic Period (V B.C.- IV B.C.)
Hellenistic Period (III B.C.- I B.C.)
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
6/103
Archaic Period
Characteristics:
Monumental Architecture
Limestone and marble
Two orders: Doric and ionic.
Temple of Poseidon During the Archaic Age the
Greeks developed the mostwidespread and influential oftheir new political forms, the
city-state, or polis . Rise of thearistocracies. Greekcolonization of Southern Italyand Sicily begins.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
7/103
Classic Period
Characteristics:
Athens centre ofpolitical and
economical power.Mainly Doric order
Lighter buildings
Parthenon the bigconstruction
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
8/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
9/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
10/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
11/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
12/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
13/103
Hellenistic Period
Characteristics:
Oriental influences
Corinthian order
New architecturaltypes: altars, porticos,theatres
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
14/103
Architecture
Great quality materials as marble, granite orlimestone.
They knew the arc but the system for buildings
was architrave: solidity, stability.The temple was the architectural expression.
Relation between the width and height of the
columns.Painted decoration in interiors.
Architecture inspired by the human scale.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
15/103
They look for the harmony which isreflected in the architecture with different
orders.The Greek orders are: Doric, Ionic and
Corinthian.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
16/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
17/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
18/103
Doric Order
It is the oldest order.
Its name comes fromthe Dorian civilization.
Robust order.
Fluted column, nobase, plain architrave,
frieze with metopesand triglyphs.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
19/103
Ionic Order
It is more elegant thanDoric order.
Used for female
divines. Its capital
characterized for thespiral volutes.
Fluted column,ornamented frieze.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
20/103
Corinthian Order
It is used in theHellenistic period.
Its name comes from
the city of Corinth. Its capital is very
characteristic, withacanthus leaves.
It is the most ornate.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
21/103
In the classic period we can find anothertype of order, the caryatid order used inErechtheum.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
22/103
Athena Nike
The Temple of Athena Nike -part of the Acropolis in the city ofAthens. The Greeks built theTemple of Apollo at Didyma,Turkey (about 300 BC). Thedesign of the temple was knownas dipteral, a term that refers tothe two sets of columnssurrounding the interior section.These columns surrounded a smallchamber that housed the statue ofApollo. With Ionic columns
reaching 19.5 m (64 ft) high,these ruins suggest the formergrandeur of the ancient temple.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
23/103
The temple
The house of God.
It keeps the statue ofGod.
The ceremonies takeplace out of thetemple.
The most famoustemple is TheParthenon.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
24/103
Structure of temples
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
25/103
The Parthenon and
most other templesare situated in
Acropolis.
Sacred place.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
26/103
The Parthenon
Dedicated to PalasAtenea.
Fidias was the
supervisor.Marble of Pentelico,
the greatest qualitymaterial.
Doric order with someionic elements.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
27/103
Parthenon
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
28/103
Other buildings
The change from aristocratic to democracycauses the building of new buildingsdedicated to pleasure, economy, politic,
education
Publics buildings around of Agora: the mainsquare.
Theatres, amphitheatres, circus
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
29/103
The Agora
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
30/103
The theatre
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
31/103
The brothel
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
32/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
33/103
The domus
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
34/103
Roman Period
Transformation of theGreek art
Adapt it to their needs
Very practicalCivilization of warriors
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
35/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
36/103
Two periods
1- Republic period (V B.C.-II B.C.)
2- Imperial period ( II B.C III A.D)
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
37/103
Architecture
Monumental
Tuscan and composite orders
Different floor- different order: 1st floor-Tuscan order
2nd floor-ionic order
3rd floor-composite order
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
38/103
Vitruvius
MarcusVitruvius 70-90B.C.
De Architectura
Concern mainly witharchitecturalproportion
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
39/103
De Architectura
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
40/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
41/103
Composite order
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
42/103
The Romans start using the vault anddome.
They use arcs and vaults in theirconstructions.
The introduce concrete but decorated with
marble or painting.Means of communication: aqueducts,
bridges, roads
Octagonal structure for cities.
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
43/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
44/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
45/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
46/103
The Forum
The Roman Forum, the heart of Rome. The citizens of Rome spentthere a good part of their days. You see the great square,surrounded by temples or justice buildings. This place was full ofstatues, altars, arches and columns.
http://www.maquettes-historiques.net/P6ag.htmlhttp://www.maquettes-historiques.net/P6ag.html7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
47/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
48/103
A 19th Century rendering of the west end of the Roman Forum showing from left to right;
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
49/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
50/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
51/103
The Temple
The most famous is The Pantheon(25 BC)
They are similar to Greek temples with some modifications
Big base
Composite order Republic period: Maison Carre in Nimes
Imperial period: Pantheon in Rome
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
52/103
Maison Carre
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
53/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
54/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
55/103
The Pantheon
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
56/103
Pl d l ti
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
57/103
Built by AgripaRound plan with rectangular portico
The oldest dome
Huge building, it rests on a big base
Light passes through an ocular
The materials have less importance
Plan and elevation
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
58/103
Basilica
Rectangular plan Three functions:
1 Commercial meetings
2 Romans meetings
3 Court The basilica of Maxentius
The basilica began to be
replaced as a social space for
interaction by the baths
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
59/103
Basilica Maxentius, Rome - reconstruction drawing
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
60/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
61/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
62/103
Pleasure Buildings
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
63/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
64/103
1. Swimming pool
2. 2.cold waters
3. 3.Tepid waters
4. 4.Hot waters
5. Either side is palestrae for sports activities surrounded by various assembly rooms.
PLAN OF DIOCLEATION BATHS
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
65/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
66/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
67/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
68/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
69/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
70/103
Baths
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
71/103
Theatre
h h
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
72/103
Amphitheatre
C
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
73/103
Circus
B h
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
74/103
Baths
H
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
75/103
House
E li t R H
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
76/103
Earliest Roman Houses
Simple Habitation
Built of wood
Pointed roof covered with straw
Square with aperture in the top whichadmitted light and afforded an exit for thesmoke
Just Vestibulum and one apartment,everything was done here.
I t
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
77/103
Improvements
Numerous practical improvements wereadopted gradually
To the atrium added a kitchen, bedroom, a
chapel, a court, garden colonnadeFoundations of stone made the plain brick
structures dry
Marble columns: Columns from ancientGreek edifices were employed
Mosaic floors
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
78/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
79/103
At i
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
80/103
Atrium:
Rectangular
Lights the space and takes the water to theimpluvium
Vestibulum:
Uncovered space between street and the square
Dressing place
Tablinum:
It is the main room of the house
It is used to keep documentsTriclinium or dining room:
It is at the rear of the building
At i
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
81/103
Atrium
T bli i
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
82/103
Tablinium
H G d
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
83/103
House Garden
D t d ll
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
84/103
Decorated walls
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
85/103
WALL TREATMENT
1st style called
Incrustation
Imitating Greek
flat style
A hit t l t l Mid 1ST C t B C
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
86/103
Architectural style-Mid 1ST Century B.C.
Villa of miseries
ORNATE STYLE INTRICATE STYLE
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
87/103
ORNATE STYLE INTRICATE STYLE
ORNATE STYLE 3RD STYLE
INTRICATE STYLE 4TH STYLE
MOSAICS:T l t fl i
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
88/103
Tesselatum-floor mosaicsStone,terra cotta
MOSAICS
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
89/103
MOSAICSOpus museum-Wall treatment
Reconstruction of Domus
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
90/103
Reconstruction of Domus
House of a noble was called domus or
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
91/103
House of a noble was called domus ormansion, usually stood alone surrounded
by a garden. Demanded use of marble.
Houses of the poor were called insulce or
island. Built with large block and coveredwith continuous roof.
Mostly they were in Pompeii.
HADRIAN VILLA
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
92/103
Roman Villa early 2nd century
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
93/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
94/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
95/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
96/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
97/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
98/103
NEROS GOLDEN HOUSE
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
99/103
NERO S GOLDEN HOUSE
NEROS GOLDEN HOUSE
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
100/103
NERO S GOLDEN HOUSE
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
101/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
102/103
7/29/2019 greek and roman lecture
103/103
Top Related