Grant Stratton
Embodied Structural Carbon
Operational Carbon
Whole Life Carbon
75% High Energy Building
Low Energy Building
25%
50% 50%
Embodied Carbon+
2019?25% 75%
FinishesBuilding Services
Windows
Internals
Other
Foundation
Floor Structure
Roof
External WallsHeating
Electricity
Cooling
Other
Whole Life Cycle
Source: Sturgis Associates LLP Indicative Whole Life Carbon Emissions
Building = 50% Embodied Carbon
Structure = 25% Whole Life Carbon
Operational Carbon Embodied Carbon
EXTRACTION
MANUFACTURE
TRANSPORTATION
CONSTRUCTION
DISPOSAL
CR
AD
LE T
O G
RA
VE
CR
AD
LE T
O S
ITE
CR
AD
LE T
O
GAT
E
Embodied Carbon Life Cycle
Embodied Carbon
How Do We Measure Embodied Carbon?
•Cradle to Gate
-Carbon in the manufacture of the components
•Embodied carbon
=Carbon data KgCO2/Kg x Weight of material Kg
•Materials
•How we use them
• Structural form
• Quantity
• Quality
• Source
Choices
Concrete
•Concrete 2nd to water as the most consumed
substance on Earth
•One tonne of concrete is being used for each
human on earth every year
•Concrete accounts for 2.6% UK & 10% global
carbon dioxide emissions
Pulverised Fuel Ash
Coal Fired Power Stations
•Concrete strength
•2 million tonnes of PFA/GGBFS is used annually in the UK.
•By replacing portland cement they reduce UK CO2
emissions by nearly 2 million tonnes annually.
•3 million tonnes of PFA is disposed to landfill
•We could double the amount currently used and this would
reduce CO2 emissions by a further 2 million tonnes annually
Concrete Strength and Cement Replacement
Ground Granulated Blast
Furnace Slag
Production of Iron
Option Mix Volume TonnesCO2
Flat slab OPC 2700m3 1880
Flat slab 50% GGBS 2700m3 1450
Ribbed slab 50% GGBS 2100m3 1135
Carbon Comparison Concrete Frame
Overall carbon reduction 40%
Steel
• Most recycled construction material
• ~90% of steel is recycled
• Demand for steel exceeds supply of scrap steel by factor 2 and has to be supplemented by new steel.
• All new steel contain ~ 40% recycled steel
Tonnes of steel:
• Beijing: 45 000
• London: 4 500
Sequestration: 0.9t C02 per m3 of timber. Timber
Structural Timber
Cross Laminated Timber CLT
Kingswood Hub Alec French Architects
Hayesfield Girls School White Design
Hayesfield Girls School White Design
Modcell Flying Factory
Modcell Delivered to Site Pre-Rendered
Hayesfield Girls School White Design
Hayesfield Girls School White Design
Hayesfield Girls School White Design
Embodied Carbon Hayesfield School
-126
159
206217
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
Nucleus(with sequestration)
Nucleus(without sequestration)
Concrete Scheme Steel scheme
Em
bo
die
d C
arb
on
, kg
CO
2e /
m2
Embodied carbon of structural components, compared to
equivalent steel and concrete schemes
Hayesfield Girls School Carbon Sequestration
Grant Stratton
Embodied Structural Carbon
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