Grain ProductsNutrition and Wellness Gold 5
Key ConceptsDescribe how food is made from
Grains. Explain how the processing of
grains can affect their nutritional value.
Name and describe six grains.
Main Idea
Grains are a versatile, nutritious, and flavorful addition to meals and an economical way to stretch a food budget.
GrainsGrains are plants in the grass
family cultivated for their fruits or seeds.
Common grains include◦Wheat◦Oats ◦Rye◦Barley◦Buckwheat
Grains
Kernels- separate dry fruits harvested and processed for food.
Sometimes called wheat berries.
Four parts to every grain kernel◦Bran◦Endosperm◦Germ◦Hull
Kernel Make-up Bran- edible, outer layer of the
kernelEndosperm- Largest part of the
kernel made of proteins and starches. Supply the plant with food.
Germ- the seed that grows the new plant.
Hull- the edible outer shell that is removed after harvesting.
Nutrients in GrainsBran Contains
◦Dietary fiber◦B Vitamins◦Minerals
Endosperm Contains◦Complex carbohydrates ◦Proteins
Nutrients in GrainsGerm contains
◦Protein◦Unsaturated Fats ◦B Vitamins◦E Vitamins◦Iron ◦Zinc◦Phytochemicals
Nutrients in Grains All grains must be processed
before consumption.The type of processing affects a
grain’s nutrient value.A Grains’ bran and germ are
often removed during processing, leaving only the endosperm.◦White flour and breakfast cereals
Nutrients in Grains
Removing the Bran and Germ removes most vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and dietary fiber.
Enrichment- replacing lost nutrients using supplements and/or fortified nutrients.
Nutrients in GrainsWhole-Grain products- processed
with the whole grain kernel.Include products like whole
wheat flour, whole grain bread, and whole grain cereals.
Maintains most of the natural nutritional value.
GrainsWheat Texture Usages
Wheat Berries- Include the entire wheat kernel
Chewy Used as cereals or in Grain dishes
Buckwheat- seed of a non grass plant that is used like grain
Nutlike & earthy flavor
Flour and cereals
Couscous- steamed, cracked endosperm or durum wheat.
Pasta like flavor and texture
Cereals, salads, and desserts.
Quinoa- small ivory colored, rice-like grain that has more protein than any other grain
Unique mild flavor.
Used in South American cuisines. Used as a side dishes, soups, and puddings.
Grains-Rice
Starchy seed of plants grown in flooded fields in warm climates
Grown mostly in Asia, but also in the United States.
Rice is often identified by the length of the rice grain.
Types of Rice GrainsLong-Grain Rice
◦Most popular rice in the U.S. ◦Grains are fluffy and stay separated when cooked.
◦Fine texture and a nutlike aroma and flavor.
Medium-Grain Rice◦Plump, tender, and moist.◦Grains stick together.◦Works well for puddings and cold
salads.
Types of Rice Grains
Short-Grain Rice◦Almost round◦Highest starch content of the 3 types of rice
◦Used in creamy dishes and Asian cuisine
Rice ProcessingProcessed in several different ways
yielding products with different colors, textures, and nutritional values. ◦Enriched Rice- Bran and Germ removed
losing nutrients.◦Brown Rice- Whole-grain form of rice.
Takes considerably longer to cook.
◦Converted- Steamed under pressure to remove hull and preserve nutrients
◦ Instant- Precooked and Dehydrated before packaging.
Minute Rice
CornMost popular food plant in the
world and the most widely grown crop in the United States.
Used for many purposes including food, plastics, dyes, and ethanol fuel.
Served in many different forms.
CornHominy- dried kernel with the
hull and germ removed, leaving only the endosperm.
Grits- coarsely ground hominy used as breakfast cereals and side dishes.
Cornmeal- ground, dried, corn kernels.
Cornstarch- Used as a thickening agents for desserts. Made only from the endosperm of the corn kernel.
Oats
Pleasant, slightly sweet flavor.Used mostly to feed live-stock and for a hot breakfast cereal.
Have a considerable amount s of nutrients and dietary fiber.
Can be pre-cooked and dehydrated for instant uses.
Other GrainsBarley- contains large amounts
of dietary fiber and has a mild flavor with a chewy texture. Used mostly in soups and stews.
Rye- often used in crackers and bread, rye is a dark grain with a hearty flavor.
Wild Rice- a seed of a water grass with a crisp texture and nutlike flavor. ◦Not an actual form of rice.
Pasta Pasta is an Italian word meaning
“paste” that refers to dough made from flour and water.
Macaroni- made from durum wheat flour and water.
Noodles-which have egg solids added for tenderness.
Pasta Durum wheat is grown only for
pasta and is processes into semolina flour.
Semolina flour gives pasta its yellow color and nutlike flavor.
Products made from durum keep their shape and firm texture when cooked.
Pasta Pasta is sold in both dry and fresh
formsDried tend to be less expensive,
have a longer shelf life, and are a staple in many diets.
Fresh pasta is perishable and is found in the refrigerated sections.
Common Types of Pasta Egg Noodles- Egg soilds added
for tenderness.Orzo- Small, rice-shaped pasta,
good for salads and soups.Penne-Straight tube-shaped
pasta cut diagonally on the ends.
Common Types of Pasta Elbow macaroni- Small, curved
tube-shaped pasta.Conchiglie- Seashell pasta Manicotti- Large tube-shaped
pasta, usually stuffed
Common Types of Pasta
Linguine- Long, narrow, flat pasta. Holds sauces well.
Lasagna-Wide, flat noodles, usually baked with sauce.
Fettuccine-long, flat pasta, wider than linguine.
Farfalle-Bowtie pasta Spaghetti- Long, thin round pasta.
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