Graffiti: a work of art or vandalism? Graffiti represents an art form that is unrestricted, one that rebels against conventional forms of artwork. Graffiti is intertwined into human history, dating back to the Roman Empire. They made political statements and satirize current events. Modern graffiti achieves many of the same things to state a message that doesnt necessarily fit into the norms of society. Graffiti is a type of deliberate marking on property, both private and public. Graffiti also known as Street Art or Urban Art has come a long way from the simple cave-paintings of our ancient past, to the amazing diversity of todays graffiti. A BRIEF HISTORY The American History of Graffiti: From subway to gallery Keith Haring Chalk drawings in the subways of New York. Keith Haring Keith Haring was an artist and social activist whose work responded to the New York City street culture of the 1980s. Haring achieved his first public attention with chalk drawings in the subways of New York. These were his first recognized pieces of pop art. His bold lines, vivid colors, and active figures carry strong messages of life and unity. Keith Haring drawing in subway ca. 1981 Keith Haring Harlem, NY 1986 JEAN-MICHEL BASQUIAT Graffiti artist NYC in 1970s Neo-expressionist painting 1980s In 1976, Basquiat and friends Al Diaz and Shannon Dawson began spray-painting graffiti on buildings in Lower Manhattan, working under the pseudonym SAMO. In June 1980, Basquiat took his art from the street to the gallery by participating in The Times Square Show, a multi-artist exhibition. From that moment on he became a widely known Urban Artist. JEAN-MICHEL BASQUIAT Graffiti artist in New York City in the late 1970s In the 1980s produced Neo-expressionist painting. Hollywood Africans 1983 Untitled (Skull) 1984 BANKSY Banksy is a pseudonymous England- based graffiti artist, political activist, film director, and painter. Stencils are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in his stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photocopy nature of much of his work. Banksy's Exit Through The Gift Shop https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0 b90YppquE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0 b90YppquE BEST OF Banksy Street Art https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=HViUIh-lSLo https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=HViUIh-lSLo Banksy c. 2003 Banksy c New Orleans Shepard Fairey Frank Shepard Fairey (born February 15, 1970) is an American contemporary street artist, graphic designer, activist and illustrator who emerged from the skateboarding scene. He first became known for his "Andre the Giant Has a Posse" (OBEY) sticker campaign, in which he appropriated images from the comedic supermarket tabloid Weekly World News. Appropriation is the intentional borrowing, copying, and alteration of preexisting images and objects.Appropriation Appropriation is the intentional borrowing, copying, and alteration of preexisting images and objects. It is a strategy that has been used by artists for millennia, but took on new significance in mid-20th- century America and BritainAppropriation He became widely known during the 2008 U.S. presidential election for his Barack Obama "Hope" poster. The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston calls him one of today's best known and most influential street artists Shepard Fairey: Obey This Film https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcS Br4ZKmrQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcS Br4ZKmrQ Art Or Not? Shepard Fairey https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =8_8_rk4cRj4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =8_8_rk4cRj4 JOSE PARLA Jose Parla was born to Cuban parents in exile in Miami, Florida. He started painting in 1983 at age 10. In 1988 he began painting on city walls using the name "Ease," following the tradition of New York subway art. His paintings incorporate calligraphy into pictures that resemble distressed city walls. Jose Parla Los Angeles, CA Jose Parla Robbo King Robbo (born John Robertson, 23 October July 31, 2014 was an English underground graffiti artist. His feud with the artist Banksy was the subject of a documentary called Graffiti Wars, first shown in August 2011 Banksy vs Robbo & The Graffiti War https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=kmlWqPNGlhY https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=kmlWqPNGlhY On 2 April 2011 King Robbo sustained a life-threatening head injury 5 days prior to his exhibition at the Signal Gallery, Shoreditch: 'Team Robbo - The Sell Out Tour'. In November 2011, three months after the airing of the documentary Graffiti Wars, the Camden Robbo mural was painted over with a black and white depiction of the original with the additions of a crown and a can of spray paint with a hazard symbol of a flame above it. It was done by Banksy as a tribute to him and as an effort to end the feud in a sense of lighting a candle for Robbo who was still in comatose condition. Robbo never emerged from the coma, and died on 31 July 2014, aged 44. He is survived by a son and two daughters. Swoon Swoon (born Caledonia Dance Curry in 1978) is a street artist who specializes in life-size wheatpaste prints and paper cutouts of human figures. Reverse Graffiti Also known as clean tagging dust tagging grime writing green graffiti or clean advertising Reverse Graffiti is a method of creating temporary or semi- permanent images on walls or other surfaces by removing dirt from a surface. Lets look at some basic categories of lettering techniques. Not only are there different types of graffiti; there are also plenty of different lettering styles used by graffiti writers. Many of them were designed by graffiti writers in the beginning years of urban graffiti, in the 1970s and 1980s. Theyve been imitated, expanded on, adapted and changed by graffiti artists all over the world. LETTERING TECHNIQUES Bubble Letters A lot of graffiti lettering is done with bubble letters. Bubble letters can take many different forms, but basically they are fat rounded letters, with or without a differently-colored outline, usually overlapping each other. Theyre normally easy to read and dont have too many stylistic flourishes. Block Letters Block letters are basically the same as bubble, but without the fat rounded appearance. Shadow letters are commonly found on throw-ups and in more complicated pieces. They use either block letters or bubble letters and feature a shadow behind each letter, making the lettering appear slightly 3D. Wildstyle Its hard to classify most types of graffiti lettering. The styles develop organically, with only loose foundations. Lettering styles can sometimes be traced back to the person who originally developed them. Such is the case with Wildstyle, which was first thought up and practiced by Tracy 168 and Stay High 149 in New York. Wildstyle graffiti is complex and often difficult to read for people who arent familiar with graffiti lettering. The style has taken off all over the world and has evolved as its been passed from continent to continent. Calligraffiti Calligraffiti is a combination of calligraphy and graffiti invented by Amsterdam graffiti artist Shoe. Its a somewhat stylized but still easy-to-read lettering style. It brings together the best parts of calligraphy and graffiti by putting beautiful and artful letters into an urban setting.