Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur (C.G.)
A
Seminar Report
On
“Google driverless car”
Session : 2015-2016
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Mrs. Varsha Thakur Devendra chandrakar
Miss. Basanti Minj MCA IV(semester)
Roll No: 11
S.o.S in Computer Science & IT
Contents
Introduction.
Block Diagram
Components
How does it work?
How safe is it?
Advantages.
Limitation
Conclusion.
References.
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INTRODUCTION:
The Google Driverless Car is like any car, but:
It can steer itself while looking out for obstacles.
It can accelerate itself to the correct speed limit.
It can stop and go itself based on any traffic condition.
It can take its passengers anywhere it wants to go safely, legally, and
comfortably.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS
1) Google Maps
Provides the car with road information. Google Maps interacts with GPS and
acts like a database.
Speed Limits.
Upcoming intersections.
Traffic Report.
Nearby collisions.
Directions.
2) Hardware Sensors
Provides the car with real time environment conditions
The hardware sensors gives real time environmental properties.
Environment is dynamic so need real time results.
Sensors attempt to create fully observable environment.
Main Sensors:
Lidar
Video camera
Position estimator
Distance sensor
Lidar
“Heart of our system“
LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging, also LADAR) is an
optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance
to, or other properties of a target by illuminating the target with
light, often using pulses from a laser.
Scanning distance of 60 meters (~197 feet)
VIDEO CAMERA
Detects upcoming traffic light.
DISTANCE SENSOR
Allow the car to "see" far enough to detect nearby or
upcoming cars or obstacles
POSITION ESTIMATOR(Wheel Encoder)
Determines vehicle's location and keeps track of its
movements.
3) Artificial Intelligence
Provides the car with real time decisions. Google Maps and the hardware
sensors data are sent to the AI.
AI then determines:
how fast to accelerate
when to slow down/stop
when to steer the wheel
Goal of AI
The agent's goal is to take the passenger to its desired destination safely and
legally
HOW DOES IT WORK?
• Powered by an electric motor with around a 100 mile range, the car uses a
combination of sensors and software to locate itself in the real world
combined with highly accurate digital maps.
• A GPS is used, just like the satellite navigation systems in most cars, to
get a rough location of the car, at which point radar, lasers and cameras
take over to monitor the world around the car, 360-degrees.
• The software can recognise objects, people, cars, road marking, signs and
traffic lights, obeying the rules of the road and allowing for multiple
unpredictable hazards, including cyclists. It can even detect road works
and safely navigate around them.
HOW SAFE IS IT?
• The car itself is limited to 25 mph, which restricts it to certain roads, but
also minimises the kinetic energy it could carry into a crash if one should
happen.
• The front of the car is also made to be as kind to pedestrians as possible
with a foam bumper and a flexible windscreen that is designed to absorb
energy from an impact with a person’s body.
• Seat belts are also provided – a safety requirement for vehicles on the
road – while the car has redundant systems, a “fault-tolerant architecture”
as Google calls it, for both steering and braking, should the primary
systems fails; plus that emergency stop button that passengers can hit at
any time.
ADVANTAGES:
Managing traffic flow to increase road capacity.
Relieving vehicle occupants from driving allowing them to concentrate
on other tasks or to rest during their journeys.
To avoid accidents .
Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances between cars.
The current location of vehicle can be determined using global
positioning system (g.p.s) .
LIMITATION
If the vehicle is using internet which is having less security then from the
hackers point of view in some cases the vehicle can be switched off on
the road(in rare cases)
Hackers can change the route which is plotted in the system(in rare cases)
In case of failure of main sensor and backup sensors the vehicle can
create a chance of accident .
• The vehicles are unable to recognize temporary traffic signals. They have
not proven themselves in snow or rain.
• They are also unable to navigate through parking lots.
• Vehicles are unable to differentiate between pedestrian and policeman or
between crumpled up paper and a rock. Google projects having these
issues fixed by 2024.
CONCLUSION
The driver less car’s technologies improves vehicle's stability helps to
minimize loss of control.
Driver less cars are designed to minimize accidents by addressing the
main causes of collisions: driving error, distraction and drowsiness.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driverless_car
http://www.darpa.mil/our work
Electrical machines and automatic control by J.b.gupta
http://autocontrols.com.au/
http://www.howstuffworks.com/cruise-control
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