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PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany GO! with Microsoft® Office 2007 Introductory

Chapter 4 Basic Computer Concepts

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Objectives •  Define Computer and Identify the Four

Basic Computing Functions •  Identify the Different Types of

Computers •  Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses

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Objectives •  Identify Types of Software and Their

Uses •  Describe Networks and Define Network

Terms •  Identify Safe Computing Practices

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Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions

•  Computer – a programmable electronic device that can

input, process, output, and store data –  takes data and converts it into information

•  Data: words, numbers, sounds, pictures •  Information: processed data presented in a

meaningful way

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Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions

•  The information processing cycle –  Input—The computer gathers data or

enables a user to add data. –  Process—Data is converted into information. –  Output—The processed results are retrieved

from the computer. –  Storage—Data or information is stored for

future use.

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Identify the Different Types of Computers

•  Microcomputers – small, inexpensive computers designed for

personal use –  the computers that most people typically use

•  desktop, notebook, and tablet computers •  mobile devices

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Identify the Different Types of Computers

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Identify the Different Types of Computers

•  Servers – manage network resources through the use of

administrative software •  Mainframe computers

– allow for multitasking •  Multitasking refers to performing more than one

task at a time.

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Identify the Different Types of Computers

•  Supercomputers –  large, powerful computers that perform

specialized tasks •  Embedded computers

– components of large products that usually have a digital interface

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  Hardware is the computer and any equipment connected to it (peripherals)—the physical components of the computer: – monitor – keyboard – mouse – printer

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  The system unit consists of the components located inside the computer.

•  One of the most essential components is the microprocessor chip, also known as the central processing unit (CPU).

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  The CPU, located on the motherboard is the brain of the computer and is responsible for controlling the commands and tasks that the computer performs. It has two main parts: – control unit – arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  The control unit is responsible for obtaining instructions from the computer’s memory.

•  The arithmetic logic unit, or ALU, performs all the arithmetic and logic functions for the computer. The ALU handles – Addition and subtraction – Multiplication and division – Logical and comparison decisions.

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  ROM (Read Only Memory) – can’t be changed, removed, or rewritten –  is also known as nonvolatile memory because

it retains its contents even if the computer is turned off

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  RAM (Random Access Memory) – acts as the computer’s short-term memory – stores data temporarily as it is being

processed –  is considered to be volatile because this

memory is erased when the computer is turned off

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  Storage devices are used to store the data and information used by or created with the computer. Such storage is often referred to as permanent memory.

•  Data can be stored within internal hardware devices located within the system unit or in removable external units.

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  Magnetic: tracks and sectors •  Optical: CD-ROM and DVD •  Flash memory

– memory stick – compact flash – multimedia card

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  Hard disk drive •  Floppy disk drive •  CD and/or DVD drives

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  Flash drives •  USB •  Zip drives •  Backup tape drives

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  A port acts as an interface between a system’s peripheral devices and the computer, enabling data to be exchanged once they are connected. – Serial and Parallel ports – Universal Serial Bus (USB) port – FireWire port – Ethernet and Modem ports

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  MIDI •  IrDA •  Bluetooth •  Monitor •  Digital Video Interface (DVI) •  Audio

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  Monitors – CRT – LCD/flat

panel

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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses

•  Two categories of printers: –  impact (for example, dot matrix) –  nonimpact

•  ink-jet •  laser

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Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

•  System software – provides the instructions the computer needs

to run – contains the directions needed to start up the

computer (known as the boot process) – consists of two main types of programs: the

operating system and utility programs

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Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

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Identify Types of Software and Their Uses

•  Application software is comprised of programs that enable you to accomplish tasks and use the computer in a productive manner. – word processing – spreadsheet – database – presentation – communication and organization

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Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

•  Networks are two or more connected computers, plus the various peripheral devices that are attached to them.

•  Each object connected to a network, whether it is a computer or a peripheral device, is known as a node.

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Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

•  Types of Networks – Local area network (LAN) connects

computers reasonably close together, as in home or small office settings.

– Wide area network (WAN) connects computers over a larger geographic area, as in businesses or universities.

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Describe Networks and Define Network Terms

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Identify Safe Computing Practices

•  Computer maintenance •  Viruses •  Spyware

– Adware – Cookie

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Identify Safe Computing Practices

•  Privacy •  Antivirus and antispyware •  Firewall •  Phishing

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Covered Objectives •  Define Computer and Identify the Four

Basic Computing Functions •  Identify the Different Types of

Computers •  Describe Hardware Devices and Their

Uses

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Covered Objectives •  Identify Types of Software and Their

Uses •  Describe Networks and Define Network

Terms •  Identify Safe Computing Practices