Global Polio Eradication Initiative:
implementing the Polio Eradication and EndgameStrategic Plan 2013–2018
Progress in poliomyelitis (polio) eradicationPolio cases (n=416), 2013
Endemic countriesInfected countries
• No wild type-2 circulation since 1999• No wild type-3 circulation since
November 2012• Only wild serotype 1 currently in
circulation• Intensified efforts led to:
― reduced number of cases in endemic countries: Afghanistan and Nigeria
― strong outbreak response inHorn of Africa and Middle East
Progress in polio eradication
Endemic countriesInfected countries
Polio cases (n=171), 2014• No wild type-2 circulation since 1999• No wild type-3 circulation since
November 2012• Only wild serotype 1 currently
in circulation• Intensified efforts led to:
― reduced number of cases in endemic countries: Afghanistan and Nigeria
― strong outbreak response inHorn of Africa and Middle East
Current issues• End stage of eradication and increasing
number of countries with complex emergencies highlight urgency of stopping polio transmission in all infected areas
• Ban on vaccination and insecurity in parts of Pakistan
• Prevention of international spread
• Timely detection of and vigorous response to polio outbreaks
Afghanistan Nigeria Pakistan Outbreaks*0
50
100
150
200
250
300
37
103
55
614
53
93
256
8 6
138
19
2012 2013 2014* Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Somalia and the Syrian Arab Republic
Cases (n) Polio cases 2012–2014 to date
International spread of wild polioviruses
• International spread is a risk to polio eradication
• Public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) declared by Director-General under the International Health Regulations on 5 May 2014, extended 31 July 2014
• Temporary recommendations according to whether a country exports poliovirus
• Affected States Parties’ application of the recommendations incomplete at end July
Member States currently exporting wild poliovirus
Member States with circulating wild poliovirus, but not currently exporting wild poliovirus
Syrian Arab Republic
PHEIC temporary recommendations
States currently exporting
Ensure that, prior to international travel, all residents or long-term visitors receive a dose of oral polio vaccines (OPV) or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) (4 weeks–12 months before travel)
Ensure that polio vaccination is recorded on standard IHR vaccination certificate
States with circulating wild polio virus*
Encourage residents (or long-term visitors) to receive a dose of OPV or IPV (4 weeks–12 months before international travel)
* Including six-month monitoring period since last case/environmental isolation in non-endemic states.There are no recommendations for polio-free states. Full recommendations are available at Global Polio Eradication Initiative website (http://www.polioeradication.org/Infectedcountries/PolioEmergency.aspx).
Withdrawal of type 2 component from OPV and introduction of IPV
• End-game strategy: obligatory and synchronized
• Pivotal role of national regulatory authorities
• GAVI funding for IPV introduction for eligible countries
0 1,750 3,500875 Kilometers
Not available, not introduced /no plans (38 countries, 20%)
Not applicable
Intent to introduce in 2014–2015 (35 countries, 18%)
Formal commitment to introduce in 2014–2015(49 countries, 25%)
Introduced to date (72 countries: 37%)
Polio legacy planningMaintain the capacities and assets created for polio eradication to benefit other health priorities:
- surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases, including laboratory capacity;
- strengthened routine immunization services in resource-poor settings;- planning and implementation of mass vaccination campaigns and work to reach
hard-to-reach groups;- outbreak detection and response; and- independent national processes of verifying/assessing status of communicable
disease control or performance of public health system.
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