Germs, Guns, & Steel10-15-14
1. Where did the Europeans contract the first infectious diseases (Flu, smallpox, measles) from?
2. What disease had the most effect on the Native Americans?
3. Name one animal that was domesticated by the Europeans ?
4. What percentage of the Native Americans died due to European diseases?
5. How did the Spanish kill Atahualpa in the end?
European Nations Settle N. America
Background Spain’s colonization did not go
unnoticed by other European countries England & France quickly became
interested Treaty of Tordesillas- divided lands
between Spain/Portugal Treaty was ignored by European countries
New France French started exploring in early 1500s Jacques Cartier- reached gulf of eastern Canada
Came across St. Lawrence River Followed it to present day Montreal
Samuel Champlain Sailed up St. Lawrence River Founded Quebec- Base of France’s colonial empire in
N. America New France
Explored/claimed upper Mississippi & Great Lakes region
Sieur da La Salle- explored lower Mississippi to the Gulf of Mex. Claimed entire river valley for the French (named it Louisiana)
Main economic activity was trading furs
England’s 1st Attempt Ronanoke- The “LOST Colony”
1st attempt of English to Settle N. America Granted by Elizabeth I Sir Walter Raleigh placed in charge Settlers did not have proper supplies
Worked with/kidnapped Indians and forced them to help settlers survive
15 men sent back to Britain to obtain supplies Returned to find no body
90 men, 17 women, & 9 children vanished Word “Croatan” carved on a post Possible attack of indians Mystery has never been solved
Jamestown King James founds a charter to N. America
3 ships/ 100 settlers 1607 reach coast of Virginia Name colony Jamestown
Disastrous start More interested in finding gold than farming First few years, 7/10 would die due to hunger,
disease, or battles with natives Gaining foothold
Started farming tobacco Became main cash crop (highly demanded in
Europe)
Religious Groups to America Pilgrims- 1620
2nd English colony- Plymouth, Massachusetts Persecuted in England for their religious beliefs
Puritans- 1630 Group from Anglican Church- England Much larger colony than Pilgrims Wanted to build a model colony for all Christians to
follow Establish New England
Dutch Land Claims 1609- Henry Hudson
English explorer for Netherlands Explored 3 water ways that are named after him
Hudson River, Hudson Bay, & Hudson Straight Established fur trade with Iroquois indians Established forts on present day Albany &
Manhattan Island- New York Called their claims New Netherland Claimed land in Caribbean
Built tobacco/sugar plantations Enslaved Africans used as labor source
Struggle for N. America Expansion caused tension between French,
English, & Dutch in N. America English vs. Dutch
English forced Dutch to give up their colony Took it without firing a shot Renamed colony to New York- honor of Duke of York England established colonies from Maine to
Georgia 13 total British colonies- 1.2 million settlers
Struggle Cont. French & Indian War English start to expand into land claimed by
French in Ohio Valley Part of a larger conflict – 7 years War being
fought in Europe British colonist defeated French with help from
British army French surrendered their N. American land British seized control of eastern half of N.
America
Native Response Response to invaders were different throughout
N. America Many worked closely with Dutch & French and
benefitted from it English
Needed more land for settlers to build houses/farm Took land that natives hunted or grew their crops
on Religion
English considered natives heathens- people w/out faith
Both sides felt that the other were agents of the devil
King Philip’s War Powhatan tribe
Attacked/killed 300 in a village close to Jamestown Colonists massacred hundreds of indians in
response Metacom- “King Philip”
Powhatan chief Attacked colonial villages killing hundreds Both sides massacred hundreds Within a year colonists defeated natives
Disease More destructive than weapons Smallpox, measles, & other diseases Contributed to less labor available for
use in the colonies Began turning to Africans as the main
source of colonial labor
Mankind Questions 10/23/131. Why did the Pilgrims travel to the New World?2. Who was the Native American that was the
first to greet the Pilgrims speaking English? 3. Who was the Native American that Samoset
brought to the Pilgrims to help them survive?4. What crop did Squanto introduce to the
Pilgrims that was key to their survival?5. What percentage of all Americans today can
trace their descent back to the original 50 Pilgrims?
Mapping exit Questions Pg. 130
1. Which nation claimed the largest area of the present day U.S. in 1754?
2. The Ohio Valley was located along the Ohio River. What French-controlled river did the Ohio flow into?
3. How did Britain’s N. American empire change by 1763?
4. How do you think the expansion of these empires effected the Native Americans who were already occupying these lands?
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