Andreas Weigelt, Stefan Schmolke, Lisa Kattner, Barbara Mathieu-Üffing, Folkard Wittrock, André Seyler
German efforts to support MARPOL Annex (VI)
enforcement by remote monitoring of ship plume
composition – current status and outlook after 1.5
years of continuous measurements
CompMon Stakeholder Conference
2016/04/15 Helsinki
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Contact: [email protected]
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 2
Content
• Starting point (MeSMarT – Project)
• Measurement stations
• Pilot station “Wedel”
- characteristics
- sampling statistics
• Data reporting
- current and future workflow
- discussion of data reporting
• Plans to further development of the ship emission monitoring network
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 3
The starting point – Project MeSMarT
Measurements of Shipping Emissions in the Marine Troposphere
MeSMarT-1 (2012 – 2015)
MeSMarT-2 (2015 – 2017)
3 Work packages
WP1: Satellite-, land-, and ship based optical remote sensing of trace
gases (SO2, NO2) in the marine troposphere (University Bremen)
WP2: Chemical analysis and characterization of marine air samples
(stationary and ship borne in-situ/Sniffer measurement techniques)
(University Bremen, BSH)
WP3: Estimation of the general influence of shipping emissions on the
marine troposphere over North- and Baltic Sea using chemistry
transport modelling (HZG)
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 4
Measurement stations University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Hamburg
Wedel
• 10 km downstream of
Hamburg harbour
• 300 m NE of shipping lane
• Pilot station for
development of remote
measurement (in-situ/
Sniffer) compliance
monitoring method
www.openstreetmap.org
www.openstreetmap.org
Photo: B. Mathieu-Üffing
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 5
Measurement stations University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Neuwerk
• Island in Elbe estuary
• 5 km SW of shipping lane
• Secondary station used
mainly for development of
optical remote sensing
method (University
Bremen)
www.openstreetmap.org
Photo: B. Mathieu-Üffing
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 6
Measurement stations University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Vessel
• Yearly measurement
campaigns on research
vessels (usually summer)
• North Sea and Baltic Sea
(only German waters)
http://trawlerphotos.co.uk
Celtic Explorer
www.openstreetmap.org
www.openstreetmap.org
Hamburg
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 7
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Wedel – Pilot station
Wedel
Measurement
station
Photo: B. Mathieu-Üffing
MAX-DOAS: Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
Distance to
passing ships:
200-500 m
• Compliance monitoring
since September 2014
• Pilot station for development of
German compliance monitoring
network
Instrumentation:
SO2, CO2, NOx, O3 (in-situ/Sniffer)
SO2, NO2 (MAX-DOAS)
Meteorology: p, T, rH, wind, precipitation
Ship information: AIS receiver
www.openstreetmap.org www.openstreetmap.org
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 8
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Wedel – Example data
0.09 ± 0.06%S
• NO for plume
identification
• FSC calculated from
SO2/CO2 ratio
• In total 23 Plumes
clearly assigned to
individual ship
• Two of them with
FSC ≥ 0.15% S m/m
0.09 ± 0.02%S
0.18 ± 0.04%S
0.15 ± 0.03%S
0.09 ± 0.03%S
0.12 ± 0.03%S
0.10 ± 0.02%S
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 9
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Wedel – Sampling statistics
Ships > 50 m passing: 1800 – 2400 per month
N
E
S
W
Measurement
station
www.openstreetmap.org
Ships > 50 m passing: 1800 – 2400 per month
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 10
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Wedel – Sampling statistics
Ships > 50 m passing: 1800 – 2400 per month
N
E
S
W
Measurement
station
www.openstreetmap.org
Ships > 50 m passing: 1800 – 2400 per month
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 11
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Wedel – SO2 and NO emission in Dec. 2014 and Jan. 2015
Kattner et al., 2015 (ACP; doi:10.5194/acp-15-10087-2015)
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University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Wedel – Comparison of number of inspections in 2015
Remote
measurement
probably non-
compliant:
FSC > 0.15% S m/m
All recorded ships Non-compliant ships only
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 13
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Current workflow – Monthly data analysis
Data transfer
(every 1 h)
Measurement
station
Data analysis
(partly automated; monthly)
BSH division environment
protection in marine traffic
Report of probably non-
compliant ships
User
(water police)
With current setup detection of 10-30% of
passing ships > 50m (depends on meteorology)
Report
CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 14
University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Planed future workflow – Routine near real time operation
Data transfer
(every 1 h)
Measurement
station
Data analysis
(fully automated)
BSH division environment
protection in marine traffic
Report of probably non-
National + international user International database
(Thetis-S, ImDatE)
compliant ships
(every 1 h)
Access
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University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
• Report of only probably non-compliant or of all properly recorded ships?
• Is there a common understanding about the criteria what makes a ship suspicious
to be non-compliant?
• Report of measured value including uncertainty or measured range
(e.g. 0.25±0.5% S m/m or 0.2–0.3% S m/m)?
• Which minimum standards on QA/QC should be fulfilled?
• Is there a common understanding of how to calculate the uncertainty of the
remote measurement?
Assumption of conversion of Sulphur and Carbon to SO2 and CO2
Instrument individual uncertainty
Signal to noise ratio (probably biggest source of uncertainty)
Calibration standards
Allocation of measured plume to individual ship
Data reporting – Discussion
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University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Plans to further development of the
ship emission monitoring network
Wedel
Neuwerk
Map from www.wsv.de Bremerhaven
Rostock/
Warnemünde Kiel/
Kiel Canal
• Extension of monitoring network
(up to 6 sites; locations not jet fixed)
potential new site
Offshore platform or
vessel
Glücksstadt
Map from www.wsv.de
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University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Instrumentation
• In-situ/Sniffer: NOx, CO2, SO2, O3 (all sites)
• Optical remote sensing: SO2, NO2 (selected sites; further development of method)
• Aerosols: particle size distribution (10-800 nm), soot (selected sites)
• Meteorology (all sites)
• AIS receiver (all sites)
Plans to further development of the
ship emission monitoring network
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University Bremen
Institute of
Environmental Physics
Neuwerk – Evidence of significant improved air
quality due to tightened MARPOL (VI) rules
before
after
01.01.2015
SO2 NO2 before
after
01.01.2015
Wind direction dependent SO2 and NO2 concentration at Neuwerk
Neuwerk
Map from www.wsv.de
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