2019 GAA Annual Conference & Expo | Jekyll Island, Ga | September 25 – 27, 2019
Session 3: Georgia’s Pavement
Evaluation Study
Overview
Presented forGeorgia Department of Transportation
Presented byMaggie Covalt, P.E. and Kyle Potvin, P.E.
Georgia Airport Pavement Management System (APMS)
Presentation Overview
• GDOT Airport Pavement Management System (APMS)– Background
– Scope
– Deliverables
– Project Findings• Common Georgia Pavement
Distress Types– How to Identify
– How to Mitigate
GDOT APMS Background
• APMS Used To– Track Inventory and Condition Information– Predict Future Pavement Condition– Identify Pavement-Related Needs– Develop Maintenance and Rehabilitation (M&R)
Plans– Communicate Needs and Impacts of Different
Funding Levels
Why Bother?
SafetyInvestment
Compliance
Safety
• Hydroplaning• Loss of Friction• Foreign Object Damage
(FOD)• Tire Damage Potential and
Loss of Steering Control
Investment
• Pavements Represent Large Capital
• Important to Protect this Critical Asset
• Cost-Effective Time– For Maintenance– For Rehabilitation
Compliance
• Public Law 103-305• Safety (Grant Assurance 19)• Pavement Maintenance Management
(Grant Assurance 11)
GDOT APMS – Project Background
• Implemented in 1997/1998
• Updated in 2001, 2007, 2011, and 2018/2019
• Includes 102 Airports– 8 Commercial Service– 84 General Aviation
GDOT APMS – Project Team
• GDOT Aviation Programs– True Partner in the Project and Active Participant
• Jviation– Overall Project Manager
• Applied Pavement Technology– Lead of Airport Pavement Management Task
• Aulick Engineering– Systems Inventory and Unit Costs
GDOT APMS Scope
• Systems Inventory• Network Definition• Condition Assessment• PAVER Database
Development
• System Customization• Data Analysis• Reporting
GDOT APMS – System Inventory
• Determine Pavements to be Evaluated
• Gather Relevant Pavement Information
• Use Information to Document Pavement Assets and Define Pavement Network
• Task Led by GDOT and Aulick Engineering
GDOT APMS – Network Definition
• Network– Each Airport Individual Network Within Database– Defined by Airport Name and Associated City
• Branch– Each Runway, Taxiway, and Apron within an Airport– Runway Names Start with RW, Taxiways with TW,
Aprons with A, and T-Hangars with THANG• Sections
– Portions of a Branch with Similar Characteristics– Numbered in Increments of 10
GDOT APMS – Condition Assessment
• Visual Inspection Using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Procedure
• Identify Type, Severity, and Extent of Distress
• Calculate PCI, which ranges from 100 (Visually Perfect) to 0 (Failed)
Condition Assessment (cont.)
PCIRange Repair
86-100
Preventive Maintenance71-85
56-70
Major Rehabilitation41-55
26-40
Reconstruction11-25
0-10
Refer to AC 150/5380-6C and ASTM D5340 for further information on the PCImethodology.
Condition Assessment (cont.)
• Limitations• PCI Not Used to Calculate Layer
Properties• PCI Not Used to Assess Structural
Capacity• PCI Not Used to Calculate
Pavement Classification Numbers (PCNs)
PAVER Database Development
• Inventory Data• Pavement Work History Data• PCI Data
GDOT APMS – Customization
• Database Fields• Performance Models• Maintenance Policies• Unit Costs
– Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete Pavements
– North, South, Metro, and Air Carrier Cost Regions
– Led by Aulick Engineering
GDOT APMS – M&R Analysis
• 5-Year Analysis Period• Critical PCIs
– General Aviation : 70 for Runways and 60 for Remainder
– Air Carrier : 75 for Runways and 65 for Remainder• Financial Parameters
– No Funding– Unlimited Funding– Budget to Achieve Area-Weighted PCI of 80
GDOT APMS Deliverables
• Maps• PAVER Database• Individual Airport Reports• Statewide Summary Report• Executive Summary Report
Project Findings
• Inventory• Condition• Financial
Project Findings: Inventory
• Total Pavement Area: 151.6 million square feet
– General Aviation: 114.2 million square feet
– Commercial Service: 37.4 million square feet
• Area-Weighted Age: 17.6 years
– General Aviation: 17.1 years
– Commercial Service: 19.2 years
Project Findings: Inventory (cont.)
22
18
15
18 21
17
16
17 20
19
14 21 2315 15
190
20
40
60
100
80
120
140
160
Overall Runway Apron/Helipad T-Hangar
Pave
men
t Are
a (m
illio
ns o
fsf)
TaxiwayBranch Use
Entire System General Aviation Commercial Service
Numbers on the chart show area-weighted age in years.
Project Findings: Inventory (cont.)
16
1415
20
11
18
15
18
21
15
0
5
10
15
20
25
Overall Runway Apron/Helipad T-Hangar
Pave
men
t Age
,yea
rs
TaxiwayBranch Use
2012 Age 2018 Age
Numbers on the chart show area-weighted age in years.
Project Findings: Condition
Project Findings: Condition (cont.)
77 7780
71
82
71 73 7368 70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
70
80
100
90
Overall Runway
Pave
men
t Con
ditio
n In
dex,
PCI
Taxiway Apron/Helipad T-HangarBranch Use
2012 PCI Entire System 2018 PCI Entire System
Project Findings: Condition (cont.)
76 77 78
70
83
6971 70
63
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
70
80
100
90
Overall Runway Apron/Helipad T-Hangar
Pave
men
t Con
ditio
n In
dex
(PC
I)
TaxiwayBranch Use
2012 PCI GA Airports 2018 PCI GA Airports
Project Findings: Condition (cont.)
80 7984
76
70
78 77 78 80
67
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
70
80
100
90
Overall Runway Apron/Helipad T-Hangar
Pave
men
t Con
ditio
n In
dex
(PC
I)
TaxiwayBranch Use
2012 PCI Commercial Service 2018 PCI Commercial Service
Project Findings: Condition (cont.)
• Why Has PCI Dropped Since 2012?– Increased Pavement Area to Manage– Increased Age of Pavement System– Continued Inflation Impacting Ability of
Allocated Funding to Meet Pavement Needs
Overall Level of Funding Has Not Kept Pace with Needs
Project Findings: Condition (cont.)
Project Findings: Financial
• No Funding• Unlimited Funding• Funding to Achieve Area-Weighted PCI of 80 by
2024
Project Findings: Financial (cont.)
• No Funding– PCI Drops from 71 to 63 by 2024– Funding Backlog Accumulates to $645.3 MillionGeneral Aviation $513.4 Million Commercial Service $131.9 Million
Important to Note: Costs are for Pavement Only andNever to be Used for Final Planning Purposes or BidEstimations
Project Findings: Financial (cont.)
• Unlimited Funding– Area-Weighted Increases to 2024 PCI of 88– Funding Total is $455.4 MillionGeneral Aviation $354.2 Million Commercial Service $101.2 Million
Project Findings: Financial (cont.)
• Funding to Achieve PCI of 80 by 2024– Funding Total is $290.25 Million
• General Aviation $244 Million• Commercial Service $46.25 Million
Project Findings: Financial (cont.)
Georgia Airport Pavement Distresses: Common Types, Causes, and Mitigation
Asphalt Pavement Distresses
• Alligator (Fatigue) Cracking
• Bleeding• Block Cracking• Corrugation• Depression• Jet Blast• Joint Reflective
Cracking• Long. & Trans. (L&T)
Cracking
• Oil/Fuel Damage• Patching• Polished Aggregate• Raveling• Rutting• Shoving• Slippage Cracking• Swelling• Weathering
Alligator Cracking
• Causes– Structural failure– Fatigue under repeated
traffic loading• Feasible Repair
Strategies– Localized: patching– Extensive: major
rehabilitation that addresses structural needs
Bleeding
• Causes– Excessive amount of
asphalt cement or tars in mix
– Low air void content• Feasible Repair
Strategies– Sand and roll– Plane/Grind– Remove and replace
Depression
• Causes– Built-in during
construction– Settlement of foundation
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Patch if safety issue– Extensive: Major
rehabilitation to address subgrade issues
Longitudinal and Transverse (L&T) Cracking
• Causes– Poor paving lane joint– Shrinkage of AC due to
low temperatures or hardening of asphalt
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Crack seal– Major rehabilitation
Block Cracking
• Causes– Shrinkage of asphalt
concrete– Daily temperature cycling
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Crack seal– Major rehabilitation
Oil/Fuel Damage
• Causes– Spilling of oil, fuel, or
other solvents
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Monitor– Patch
Patching
• Causes– Localized pavement
deterioration– Utilities
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Replace patch if
deteriorated
Rutting (and Alligator Cracking)
• Causes– Consolidation or lateral
movement of materialsdue to traffic loading
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Patch if localized– Major rehabilitation
Shoving
• Causes– PCC pavement adjacent
to AC pavement– PCC “growth” pushes AC
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Mill and patch
Swelling
• Causes– Frost action– Expansive soils– Faulting from underlying
PCC• Feasible Repair
Strategies– Patch if localized– Extensive: Major
rehabilitation
Weathering
• Causes– Pavement aging and
hardening
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Patch if isolated– Surface treatment
Raveling
• Causes– Pavement aging and
hardening
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Patch if isolated– Major rehabilitation
PCC Pavement Distresses
• Alkali Silica Reaction• Blow-Up• Corner Break• Durability Cracking• Faulting• Joint Seal Damage• Linear Cracking• Patch (Small and
Large)
• Popouts• Pumping• Scaling• Shattered Slab• Shrinkage Cracking• Spalling (Joint and Corner)
Alkali Silica Reactivity (ASR)
• Causes– Chemical reaction of alkalis
in portland cement with certain reactive silica minerals
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Partial depth patch/repair
if isolated along joints– Replace slab at medium
and high severities
Corner Break
• Causes– Load repetition combined
with loss of support and curling stresses
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Seal low severity cracks– Patch or partial slab
replacement
Faulting
• Causes– Upheaval or consolidation
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Leveling patch– Grind
Joint Seal Damage
• Causes– Stripping of joint sealant– Extrusion of joint sealant– Weed growth– Hardening of filler– Loss of bond
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Reseal joints
Joint and Corner Spall
• Causes– Excessive stresses caused
by incompressibles in joints
– Traffic loads– Weak material at joints
combined with traffic loads
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Partial-depth patch/repair
LTD Cracking
• Causes– Combination of load
repetition, curling stresses, and shrinkage stresses
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Seal cracks– Full depth patch– Replace slab
Patching (Small and Large)
Causes: Multiple Feasible Repair Strategies: Replace Patch
Shattered Slab
• Causes– Load repetition
• Feasible Repair Strategies– Replace slab if localized– Reconstruction if extensive
Questions?
Thank you!
For more information or questions contact: Maggie Covalt, P.E. or Kyle Potvin, P.E.
[email protected] or [email protected] www.appliedpavement.com
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