GEOL 404/504 GEOL 404/504 Advanced GISAdvanced GISGEOL 404/504 GEOL 404/504 Advanced GISAdvanced GIS
Sudhanshu Sekhar Panda, PhDLecturer/GeoSTAC CoordinatorGIS Training and Research CenterIdaho State UniversitySpring 2006
Lecture 2:Lecture 2:GeodatabaseGeodatabaseLecture 2:Lecture 2:GeodatabaseGeodatabase
Why Geodatabase?Why Geodatabase?Why Geodatabase?Why Geodatabase?What do you need to do with your GIS data?
some suitable habitat mapping of endangered species
Location of trade centerWatershed analysis and modelingEtc..
There is a need to represent and store data in a way that supports Meaningful and accurate analysisOrganizational workflows.
Geodatabase supports for all these
ArcGIS Data StructuresArcGIS Data StructuresArcGIS Data StructuresArcGIS Data Structures
ArcGISOrganizing Spatial data
Vector ObjectsShape filesCoverages
Raster ObjectsGrids
Images GDB
• Discrete representation • Use square cells
ArcGIS is an information system for geographic data
WorkspacesWorkspacesWorkspacesWorkspaces
Arc/Info geo-datasets
ArcView shape files
Geodatabase
File-Based Data Sets Geodatabase
• Coverages • Shapefiles • Grids • TINs • Images (numerous formats) • Vector Product Format
files • Computer-aided design
files (numerous formats) • Geography markup
language (numerous profiles)
• Tables (numerous formats) • Direct read of 100+ vector
and raster formats • XML
• DB2 with its Spatial type
• Informix with its Spatial type
• SQL Server • Oracle • Oracle with Spatial or
Locator • Personal geodatabases
(Microsoft Access)
What you will learn?What you will learn?What you will learn?What you will learn?
geographic data storing ability of geodatabase
Understand the differences between the two types of geodatabases
Components of the geodatabase If raster dataset can be created in a
personal geodatabase How to access information about a
geodatabase and its components
What Geodatabase Can What Geodatabase Can Store?Store?
What Geodatabase Can What Geodatabase Can Store?Store?
Geodatabase is a relational database (recall your principles of GIS experience)
A container for storingSpatial dataAttribute dataRelationship among the two
In a geodatabase, a vector data features and their associated attributes can be stored in a structure so thatThey can work together as an integrated system
using rules, relationships, and topological associations.
(ESRI, 2006)
Advantages of Advantages of GeodatabaseGeodatabase
Advantages of Advantages of GeodatabaseGeodatabase
It provide advantages for ModelingAnalyzingManagingmaintaining GIS data.
Using geodatabase GIS features can be created that support real world feature behavior
Data access from a centralized location possible
(ESRI, 2006)
What Geodatabase can What Geodatabase can Do?Do?
What Geodatabase can What Geodatabase can Do?Do?
Centralized GIS data managementCan accommodate large sets of features
without tiles or spatial partitionsTwo-, three-, four-dimensional vector features,
curves, and multipart features can be storedCoordinate geometry coverages can be
converted to geodatabase without any complicacy
You can classify features within a feature class using subtypes
Can specify spatial relationships using geodatabase topology rules
Validation rules available with geodatabase can prevent errors
(ESRI, 2006)
What Geodatabase can What Geodatabase can Do? Do? (cont..)(cont..)
What Geodatabase can What Geodatabase can Do? Do? (cont..)(cont..)
Automatic annotation update is possible when the representing feature is edited or deleted
Can add intelligence to features stored in a geodatabase
Can model flow of resources using geometric network based on topological relationship availed through geodatabase
Can model relative locations along linear featuresMore than one person can edit a geodatabase at a
single point of timeDisconnected editing possibleXML data exchange is possible through
geodatabase(ESRI, 2006)
Types of Types of GeoDatabasesGeoDatabases
Types of Types of GeoDatabasesGeoDatabases
Personal*.mdb file extension
Multiuser/ Professional (ArcSDE)
(ESRI, 2006)
Personal GeodatabasesPersonal GeodatabasesPersonal GeodatabasesPersonal GeodatabasesPersonal geodatabases support single user
editing but multiple users reading at the same time
No versioning support is providedTypically, users will employ multiple
personal geodatabases for their data collections and access these simultaneously for their GIS work
Only vector data can be stored but raster data can be only referenced
Can store only up to a maximum size of 2 GB data
Database management system is through Microsoft Access (ESRI, 2006)
ArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE Geodatabases
ArcSDE is a server software product used to access massively large multiuser geographic databases stored in relational database management systems (RDBMSs).
It is an integrated part of ArcGIS and a core element of any enterprise GIS solution. Its primary role is to act as the GIS gateway to spatial data stored in a RDBMS.
(ESRI, 2006)
ArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE Geodatabases Multiuser Geodatabases Multiuser geodatabases require the use of ArcSDE
and work with a variety of RDBMS storage models Multiuser geodatabases are primarily used in work
group, department, and enterprise settings Extremely large, continuous GIS databases Many simultaneous users Long transactions and versioned work flows Multiuser geodatabases readily scale to extremely
large sizes and numbers of users. Through many large geodatabase implementations, ESRI has found that RDBMSs are efficient at moving the type of large binary objects required for GIS data in and out of tables.
Uses DB2, Oracle, Informix, SQL Server, etc. No size limits Can accommodate vector and raster data
GIS Database GIS Database RequirementsRequirementsGIS Database GIS Database RequirementsRequirements
Scale to large sizes (multiple terabytes). Scale to large numbers of users (hundreds
to thousands). Provide advanced GIS data models and
behavior. Maintain spatial data integrity. Support multiple users. Deliver fast data retrieval. Use simple data structures. Support long transactions and GIS work
flows. Support multiple uses and applications. Proven to work through real case studies.
Geodatabase StructureGeodatabase StructureGeodatabase StructureGeodatabase Structure
Stand-alone feature classes
Feature datasetFeature classes
insideshould share the
same spatial reference
Non-spatial tablesDEMO
What is inside a What is inside a Geodatabase?Geodatabase?
What is inside a What is inside a Geodatabase?Geodatabase?
Stored outside personal geodatabase but can bereferencedThrough geometry network
We can manage flow ofResources: electricity, water, etc..
Defining Geodatabase Defining Geodatabase StructureStructure
Defining Geodatabase Defining Geodatabase StructureStructure
Import existing dataCreate the structure
manuallyUse CASE (computer-
aided software engineering) toolRefer ArcGIS Desktop
Help (Contents tab -> Building a geodatabase -> Building geodatabases with CASE tools
(ESRI, 2006)
Importing Data to Importing Data to GeodatabaseGeodatabase
Importing Data to Importing Data to GeodatabaseGeodatabase
Feature datasetFeature classXY tablesRelationship classRaster datasetsRaster catalogSurvey datasetsArcToolboxGenerate files (CAD
Feature Class)
(ESRI, 2006)
Refer ArcGIS Desktop Help loading, Object Loaderloading, data, described
Importing Shape FilesImporting Shape FilesImporting Shape FilesImporting Shape FilesYou can import a shape file into a
Geodatabase using the wizard in Arc Catalog. You can use the default values or use custom
values. You can change the coordinate system if you
so desire.
Importing CoveragesImporting CoveragesImporting CoveragesImporting CoveragesThis is done by right clicking the geodatabase
and selecting import and choosing feature class (multiple)
You have the option of using custom values including: Grid values Coordinate system Spatial index values You can modify the field names
Importing Interchange Importing Interchange FilesFiles
Importing Interchange Importing Interchange FilesFiles
Interchange (*.e00) formats should be changed in Arc Toolbox first
You should use the Conversion tools to guide you through converting the interchange format to another format of your desire.
Importing An Arc View Importing An Arc View GIS ProjectGIS Project
Importing An Arc View Importing An Arc View GIS ProjectGIS Project
Ensure that all data paths are correct. After verifying that the ArcView GIS
project contains no table joins and that all themes will load cleanly, save and close the project and quit out of ArcView GIS.
Start ArcMap in the Data View mode. Choose File > Import from ArcView project. Browse to locate and select the *.apr file.
Note: Views become Data frames. Themes become Layers. Only one layout is allowed. Graphics and text are imported.
Importing TablesImporting TablesImporting TablesImporting TablesTable Must be in Info or dBase format. Use Arc Catalog. Right click on Info or dBase file. Select export- table to Geodatabase. Follow the wizard.
You will be prompted to change illegal and duplicate field names.
Importing Raster Importing Raster GridsGrids
Importing Raster Importing Raster GridsGrids
You must use Arc Info or Arc Editor
Raster must be imported into a Geodatabase first.
You can select one of three storage parameters Pyramids Tile Size Data Compression
Importing CAD Feature Importing CAD Feature ClassClass
Importing CAD Feature Importing CAD Feature ClassClass
Supported Feature classes include AutoCAD's DWG Micro Station's DGN Drawing Interchange File (DXF) formats Use Arc Catalog.
Select the CAD file. Right click on it. Click Export – CAD to GeoDatabase You can make a new feature data set, or feature class. You can also select the coordinate system, and Grid size.
Data Importing with Data Importing with ConvertingConverting
Data Importing with Data Importing with ConvertingConverting
Arc Catalog and Arc Toolbox are the primary tools.
Imported files need to have Spatial reference Spatial index grid size Data mapping
Metadata importingSupported formats include: Text XML Standard Generalized Markup Language
(SGML)
Geodatabase Load to Geodatabase Load to ArcSDEArcSDE
Geodatabase Load to Geodatabase Load to ArcSDEArcSDE
Example of Loading geodatabase to ArcSDE server for public access
spanda:
Subject to they were provided with access
spanda:
Subject to they were provided with access
Key ConceptsKey ConceptsKey ConceptsKey Concepts
This topic provides you with knowledge in GIScience.
You will learn/experience some GIS-housekeeping.
You will learn/experience new techniques and tools.
You will learn new techniques to create GIS data.
Getting started...Getting started...Getting started...Getting started...
Assignments…Exercise hand-out
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