Geodata, Databases andGeodata, Databases andWeb MappingWeb MappingGeodata, Databases andGeodata, Databases andWeb MappingWeb Mapping
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
TimelineTimeline
1989: Birth of the WWW1993: march: CERN announced web as free, CERN announced that access to the web will be free for all.
june: HTML 1.0.[8] The first version of HTML
july: Xerox PARC Map Viewer1996: UMN MapServer 1.0, Developed as Part of the NASA ForNet Project.2003: NASA World Wind2004: OpenStreetMap2005: february: Google Maps
june: Google Earth2006: Wikimapia
extracted from: Wikipedia – Web Mapping
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Web Mapping status 2008Web Mapping status 2008
• Some years ago: web mapping could just be realized by some companies, institutes and mapping agencies. Expensive hard- and software and specialists like cartographers and geomatics engineers were required
• Nowadays: skilled people use freely available web mapping services, some born in the open-source community.
• Barriers: Expensive geodata and technical complexity (e.g. data harmonization, missing standards)
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Mainstream pros and consMainstream pros and cons
Distributed data sources
• Pros: Integration of data from all over the world enriches the possibilities and provide in general much more information as disjoint data storage.If data exchange and integration of distributed data sources works, data of one project can be set in relation to other projects datasets.
• Cons: untrained personal can cause many trouble by not respecting copyrights, data types, projections and moreover redistribute incorrect data
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Web Mapping progressWeb Mapping progress
OCG WMS
OCG SLD OpenStreetMapsWikiMapia
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Aims of the end productAims of the end product
1.Viewing OR Mapping2.Analysis3.Creating and Manipulating4.Conversion5.Sharing
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Steps to realize web mappingSteps to realize web mapping
1. Hardware: ComputerInternet Connection
2. Software: Web ServerWeb Mapping ServerMapping DataMapping Metadata
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Meta DataMeta Data
Metadata (meta data, or sometimes metainformation) is "data about data", of any sort in any media. An item of metadata may describe an individual datum, or content item, or a collection of data including multiple content items and hierarchical levels, for example a database schema. In data processing, metadata is definitional data that provides information about or documentation of other data managed within an application or environment.
from: Wikipedia:Metadata
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Different Geodata TypesDifferent Geodata Types
•Point DataPositions in general, e.g. cities, boreholes, sensor
pos.
•Line DataStreets, Ship Tracks, Fractures, …
•2D Polygon DataPolitical Borders, Landuse, Catastral Maps (?)
•2.5D Polygon Data (Flying Carpets)Topography, Bathymetry, Gravity/Magnetic maps,
…
•3D Volumetric Body DataDensity/Susceptibility Bodies, Reservoirs…
•Difference RASTER / VECTOR data
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
StorageStorage
•Spoken words
•Maps of leather, papyrus, paper, …
•Single Digital files (fixed column, tab seperated, XML)
•Database (Relational, Object-Relational, Object-Oriented)
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Different Web Map ServersDifferent Web Map Servers
Free / Open Source•Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) •GeoServer (freier WMS-Server, in Java impl.) •UMN Mapserver (freier WMS-Server) •deegree opensource WMS•SUAS Mapserver (Open Source extended WMS-Server)
Commercial•ESRI ArcGIS + ArcIMS•Autodesk MapGuide Enterprise/Studio 2007•MapInfo MapXtreme 2005
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
UMN MapServerUMN MapServerhttp://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/http://www.umn-mapserver.de/
MapServer
GDAL (raster)FWTools (
http://fwtools.maptools.org/)OGR (vector) similar to GMT
PHPmapscript connects to WebServer via PHP
+ OpenEV ( GRASS, PostGIS, etc.)
Complies to OGC standards and provides WMS,WFS,WCS interface
Query results in an XML text output
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Problem: Data Types (Vector)Problem: Data Types (Vector)
Vector Data e.g. http://www.gdal.org/ôgr/ogr_formats.html, approx. 30 entries.
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Problem: Data Types (raster)Problem: Data Types (raster)
Raster Data e.g. http://www.gdal.org/formats_list.html, approx. 80 entries!
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Example: DWDExample: DWDD
eu
tsch
er
Wett
er
Die
nst
: h
ttp
://w
ww
.dw
d.d
e
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Example: USGS EarthquakesExample: USGS EarthquakesNear Realtime Seismic monitor: http://earthquake.usgs.gov
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Example: GoYellowExample: GoYellowGoYellow at: http://www.goyellow.de
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Example: NASA World WideExample: NASA World WideWorld Wind website at NASA: http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov
Elevation data viewer
Landsat dataSRTM 30m/90mBlue Marble
http://www.worldwinddata.com
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Example: Google EarthExample: Google EarthGoogle Earth at: http://earth.google.de
Google Earth $0Google Earth Pro $20Google Earth Plus $400
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Example Intagraf CourseExample Intagraf Course
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
Example: Google MapsExample: Google MapsGoogle Maps API on my website. Refer to: http://code.google.com/apis/maps/
04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany
ReferencesReferences!!! http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Map_Service !!!
1. Schuurman: GIS – a short introduction, 2004, Blackwell Publishing LTD., Malden, USA (ISBN: 0-631-23532-9)
2. Masser, Salgé: GIS and GENERALIZATION, Methodology and Practice, 1995, Taylor & Francis, London, UK (ISBN: 0-7484-0318-3)
3. Kappas: Geographische Informationssysteme, 2001, Westermann, Germany (ISBN: 3-14-160339-1)
4. Mitchell: Web Mapping Illustrated, 2005, O’Reilly, Sebastopol, USA (ISBN: 0-596-00865-1)
5. Erle, Gibson, Walsh: Mapping Hacks, Tips & Tools for Electronic Cartography, 2005, O’Reilly, Sebastopol, USA (ISBN: 0-596-00703-5)
Top Related