CAMOUFLAGE,
CONCEALMENT
AND
DECEPTION (CCD)
SCOPE
BASIC ESSENTIALS OF CAM
OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS
SIGNATURE MANAGEMENT
BASIC ESSENTIALS OF
CAM
•GREEKS CONQUERED TROY - USE OF TROJAN HORSE.
•GENGHIS KHAN – USE OF TWIGS & LEAVES ON THE CAPS,
MOVING UNDER NATURAL COVER.
•GEROGE WASHINGTON – LEAVING CAMP FIRES BURNING
INFLICTED SHARP DEFEAT ON THE BRITISH FORCES AT
PRINCETON.
•WW-I – FRENCH HAD HIDDEN DETECTION OF VEHS & GUNS.
•VIETNAM WAR – US UNABLE TO LOCATE ENEMY INSPITE OF
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY.
•OWN NUCLEAR TEST ‘SHAKTI’ COULD NOT BE DETECTED
BEFORE DETONATION
CAM & DECEPTION : HISTORY
BASIC MEANING
• CAMOUFLAGE IS PREVENTION OF OBSERVATION OF
PERS OR EQPT BY THE ENEMY BY MAKING THEM
APPEAR TO BE PART OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT .
• CONCEALMENT AN OBJECT NEEDS TO BE CONCEALED
WHEN NOT FEASIBLE TO BE MERGED WITH THE
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT.
• DECEPTION CREATES FALSE SIGNATURES OF REAL
TARGETS TO DIVERT ENEMIES ATTENTION
CAM IN SHORT
C : CONCEALMENT OF INSTLNS.
A : ABILITY TO DISGUISE & ACT LIKE
NATIVES.
M : MAX UTILIZATION OF NATURAL MTRL.
O : ORG SHOULD BE SCATTERED.
U : USE YOUR ALL SENSES.
F : FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE OF CAM,
CONCEALMENT & DECEPTION (CCD).
L : LEAST EXPOSURE OF SELF AND EQPT.
A : AVOIDANCE OF MOV.
G : GEOGRAPHICAL INFO.
E : EVALUATION OF SELF & ENEMY
ASSESSMENT.
CAMOUFLAGE
REVEALING SIGNS
Certain telltale indicators that help to iden an object.
These signs are called the revealing signs.
REVEALING SIGNS
GENERAL1. POSITION2. SHAPE3. SHADOW4. SHINE5. TEXTURE6. COLOUR CONTRAST7. MOVEMENT8. NOISE9. SIZE10. SILHOUETTE
TECHNICAL1. UV REFLECTANCE2. RADIO WAVE EMISSION.3. IR REFLECTANCE.4. THERMAL EMISSIVITY.5. RADAR REFLECTANCE.6. SONAR REFLECTANCE.7. LASER REFLECTANCE.8. NUCLEAR RADIATIONS.
CAMOUFLAGE: ESSENTIAL REQMTS
1. COORDINATION OF CAM & DECEPTION PLAN
AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL.
2. CREDIBILITY - CAM & DECEPTION PLAN
MUST BE CREDIBLE TO BE BELIEVED BY THE
ENEMY AS TRUE.
3. CONTINUITY – SHOULD BE PLANNED DURING
SITING & CONSTRUCTION STAGES.
4. MUST BE DIFFERENT – INGENUITY & GUILE IS
TO BE EXERCISED BY THE CAMOUFLEUR.
1. THREAT PERCEPTION. IDENTIFICATION OF ENEMY’S
DETECTION CAPABILITIES (SURVEILLANCE, RECCE
AND WEAPON SYSTEMS).
2. SIGNATURE SUPPRESSION. COUNTERMEASURES TO
DENY OR DELAY DETECTION BY ENEMY’S SVL, RECCE
AND SMART WEAPON SYSTEMS.
3. DECEPTION. CREATES FALSE SIGNATURES OF REAL
TARGETS TO DIVERT ENEMY’S ATTACK.
KEY COMPONENTS OF CAM
DECEPTION“All warfare are based on camouflage & deception. • Hence when able to attack, we must
seem unable; • when using our forces, we must
seem inactive;• when we are near, we must seem
far away and when we are away, we must make the enemy believe we are near.
• If his forces are united, separate them”.
INTERFERING WITH ENEMY’S PROCESS OF OBTAINING INFO
INTERPRETATION
ANALYSING
DEVICE
USE OF
INFO
RECCE
EQPT
OBJECT
DISTURBANCE
DECEPTION
RXN
CONCEALMENT
TXN
OPTO-ELECTRONIC SENSORS
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
DIFFERENT PARTS OF EM SPECTRUM WORK DIFFERENTLY :• UV, VIS & NIR SPECTRA REFLECT RADIATION FROM
SUN, MOON, STARS OR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES• TIR EMITS BODY’S OWN HEAT RADIATION
SENSOR SYSTEMS
(750 - 2500 nano meter)
(0.38 - 0.76 micro meter)
(0.1- 0.38 micro meter)
(1 mm – 100 meter)
(3 – 5 and 8 -12 micro meter)
PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS
PENETRATION AND RESOLUTION OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS
Wavelength
Penetration in Penetration in Resolution at 2000 m
Haze Fog Smoke/dust Rain
Visual Low Low None Quite good
0.2 m
NIR Quite low
Low None Quite good
0.3 m
Far IR Quite good
Quite low
Good Quite good
1 m
MM Radar Good Good Good Good 10 m
Signature Management
Definition Means limiting the ability of the
adversary’s sensor to detect you by controlling the EM energy that is emitted or reflected by you.
Give the object a signature that blends with the signature of the background.
The aim is to limit the options for the sensor to separate the object from the background.
Implies signature management will have to be done after determining which sensors are likely to be employed by the adversary.
thank You…
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