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GENEALOGY
Family History
Presented by David Powell
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This is the point of no return – once you get
hooked it does not end!!
Consider the number of grandparents you have –
Four
And the number of great grandparents – eight
How many gggggg grandparents - ? (256)
If you go back 20 generations – 1,048,576 (a
megabyte of grandparents)
If you go back 40 generations – 1,099,522,627,776 (a
terabyte)
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What data do I collect – the basicsSurname (Family name, Last name)
Given name (First and middle names)
Events
Place
Date
Associated Names (Witnesses, Maiden names, Parents
names)
Source and citation
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Surname - Family NameSpelling issues
Patronymic names
Married name
Name changes
Gender differences – i.e. in polish
Malanowski and Malanowska
Adoptions
Phonetic Spellings
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Patronymic Names
Son of – Daughter of followed by Father or
Mothers name
• Jewish: Ben (Bar) or Bat
• Welsh: “AP Hywel” son of Hywel
• Scandinavian: Switch first and last names
• English: Fils (son of in latin) soon became Fitz
• Eastern European: “vich” or “wicz”
More here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronymic
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Surnames as a result of being from a place
The use of term meaning “of” a town or place
• Dutch : “Von” or “Van” or “Van Der” or Van Den”
• French: “de” or “d’”
• Spanish: “de”
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Surname SpellingPowell, Powel, Howell, Howel,
Pownal, Hownal, Hywel
Powell was derived from
ap Howell in Wales –
meaning “Son of Howell”
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27 Jan 1549
Richard ap Howell
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10 Jun
1605
Gwalteri ap Howell
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15 Jun 1681
Thomas
Powell
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Roger
Powell
1 Dec 1675
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Ladislaum (Walter?) Owczarek changed name to Adams
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1920 Census1930 Census
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John Tatchell
Bullen Tatchell
Tatchell Bullen
3rd Great
Granduncle
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William
BullenMary Tatchell
John Tatchell
Bullen
Mary’s Uncle Christopher TatchellWilliam’s brother John
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John Tatchell Bullen baptized 9 Jul 1808
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In 1820 Christopher left a large estate to his great nephew, John
on the condition that he legally change his surname to Tatchell.
On 2 Apr 1823, by royal decree from King George IV, John
changed his surname to Tatchell:
John Tatchell Bullen Tatchell – five days before he was to
marry his first wife
In 1852 John Bullen, William Bullen’s brother left an even
larger estate to his nephew, on the condition that he
legally change his name to Bullen!!
On 12 May 1852, by royal decree from Queen Victoria,
John changed his surname to Tatchell-Bullen:
He was now John Tatchell Bullen Tatchell Tatchell-Bullen!!
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Royal Decree from George IV
Published 8 Apr 1823 in
The London Gazette
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Royal Decree from Queen Victoria Published 18 May 1852 in The London Gazette
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Marriage record of John’s son also named John 11 Aug 1870
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Associated NamesMaiden names
Multiple married names
Witnesses names
Godparents names
Adopted names
Hope you don’t have any Cohen
Levin or Katz or Jones or Smiths
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Take the case of Lydia Anna Strauser
Born 1858
Married first Lawson Levan – 1878 – 8 children
Married second David Dewalt - 1915
Married third Stanley Dunn - 1929
From 1858 to 1878 - Lydia Anna Strauser
From 1878 to 1915 - Anna Levan
From 1915 to 1929 - Annie Dewalt
From 1929 to 1940 - Annie Dunn
How can one ancestor cause so much trouble!
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To make matters worse 3 of Lydia’s
children from her first marriage
married three of Stanley Dunn’s
children from his first marriage.
So she became both the step-mother
and the mother-in-law to Stanley’s
children!
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Given NamesFirst and Middle Name
Yiddish Names
Amuletic Names
May give hint to maiden name of mother
Watch nicknames
Elizabeth, Beth, Betty, Liz, Eliza etc.
Watch transposition of first and middle name
Henry Frederick
Harry
Frederick Henry
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Don’t assume the person’s gender from their first name!!
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Events (record types)Often come in pairs
Birth and Baptism (Tvilah if recorded)
Marriage License and Marriage
Death and Burial
Passenger list (outward bound from one port and
inward bound for the destination)
Declaration for Naturalization and actual
Naturalization
Will signing and Probate of will
Legal filings and Legal findings
Military enlistment and discharge
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Record and Document all events
including conflicting events and their
sources
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Sources and Citations
Identify the location and method to find the record
type used
Verify the quality of the source
Just because it is printed in a book doesn’t
make it the truth
Look at other facts in the book or on the web
site
Pay attention to the depository of the source
Consider indicating the “value” of the source
Questionable evidence
Marginal evidence
Convincing evidence
“Evidence – Citation & Analysis for Family Historian” by Elizabeth Shown Mills
Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, Maryland 1997
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Sources:Original: The first written statement,
photograph or recording of an event
Derivative: The subsequent copies of
original sources
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Source: A point of origin - Primary sources are documents or physical objects
which were written or created during the time under study.
These sources were present during an experience or time
period and offer an inside view of a particular event. An
original document.
- Secondary sources are generally interpretations and
evaluations of primary sources. Secondary sources are not
evidence but can when combined with other sources
provide probable evidence.
- Tertiary sources are generally distillations and collections
of primary and secondary sources and are generally not
evidence for an event.
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CitationTo mention a source in support of a fact
Usually to define the exact source and the
location in the source to support an event,
date, name, etc.
Census, Federal 1910
Powell, David household, 1910 U.S. Census,
Baltimore County, Maryland population schedule, town
of Towson, enumeration district 215, sheet 12, dwelling
123, family 18; National Archives microfilm T9, roll 637.
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DATESMonth Day Year in Gregorian Calendar (1582) (1752)
Format:
European format DD/MM/YYYY
American format MM/DD/YYYY
so 11/12/2015 is it Nov 12th or Dec 11th
12 October 2015 (correct method to eliminate any
possibility of misinterpretation)
Leap years – if year can be evenly divided by 4 then add one day,
except if year can be evenly divided by 100 then don’t add a day,
except if year can be evenly divided by 400 then add one day!
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Unum
Duo
Tribus
Quattuor
Quinque
Sex
Septem – 7th month
Octo – 8th month
Novem - 9th month
Decem – 10th month
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January – Janus – God of Beginnings
February – Febura – the feast of
purification
March – Mars – God of War
April – Unknown derivation
May – Goddess of Spring Maius or Maia
June – Juno – Protectress of woman
July – Named after Julius Caesar
August – Named after August Caesar
September – 7th month
October – 8th month
November - 9th month
December – 10th month
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Old Style Dates (Julian) vs. New Style Dates
(Gregorian)Some countries used dates that had the year
start in March and not in January and
therefore when the Gregorian calendar was
changed it also changed the start of the year to
January.
So dates in genealogies may show as 3 Feb
1712/13 for the US up to 1752 from 1 Jan to 24
Mar.
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Many countries switched to the Gregorian
calendar in 1582 (France, Spain, Poland, Italy
and other predominately Catholic countries)
England and its colonies didn’t switch until
1752
Russia didn’t convert to the Gregorian
calendar until 1918.
Greece didn’t convert until 1923!
Turkey in 1926!
Ethiopia has not adopted it yet!!
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Roger Powell burial
23 Nov 1736
Or 9 br 23
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2 Jul 1684 not 2 May 1684
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French Republican CalendarUsed by the French from 1791 to about 1805
A complete overall - changes in the DD MM and
YY that we know
For instance 11 December 1796 is 21 Frimaire V in
the French Republican Calendar
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Charles
Michael
Nicolas
Schauffler
Born 28 Sep
1794 or 7th
day of
Vendemiaire
in the 3rd
year of the
French
Republic.
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Variety of Calendars used:
Chinese (Used by China)
Christian (used by most countries- the
Gregorian calendar)
Indian (Used by India)
Islamic (Lunar based – used by followers
of Islam and various Islamic countries)
Jewish (Used by Israel and by the
religion)
and a few others
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Type Old Style Date Gregorian Date
Hebrew 3 Tevet 5399 10 Dec 1638
Indian (Civil) 3 Asvina 1890 25 Sep 1968
Islamic 3 Safar 1267 8 Dec 1850
Persian 3 Dey 1256 24 Dec 1877
Quaker 2 5 1684 2 Jul 1684
French Republican 3 Thermidor 4 22 Jul 1795
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Place NamesAddress,
City (sometimes a city is independent and has no
county i.e., Baltimore City),
County or Parish,
State,
Country
123 Main Street, Towson, Baltimore County, Maryland,
United States of America
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For Instance: Harford County was formed
from part of eastern Baltimore County in
1773. So, prior to 1773 genealogical
records may be located in Baltimore
County instead of Harford County.
In 1837 Carroll County was formed from
parts of Frederick and Baltimore Counties.
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Place Names over Time
Plymouth, Plymouth Colony, US Colony, United
Kingdom (1620 to 1776)
Plymouth, Plymouth County, Massachusetts,
United States of America (1776 to Current)
Very difficult for countries like Poland
Russian, German, Polish and Austrian
influences
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AttributesPhysical Description
Occupation
Religion
Political views
Caste
Tribe
etc.
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