Gene Doping
Prof. Dr. Eduardo Henrique De Rose Porto Alegre, Brazil
Summary of the presentation
• Short history of doping in sports;
• Modern definition of doping;
• The future of doping: gene doping;
• Genetically based therapy and span;
• Selection of talents;
• Exemples of gene doping;
• Future possibilities;
• Conclusion.
Why I choose Germany?
1911 – Physiology Laboratory presented in Dresdner;1912 – First Sports Medicine Association founded;1913 – Mallwitz receives the title of Sport Physician;1917 – First Physical Education School founded;1924 – First Sports Medicine Journal;1928 – Foundation of FIMS in Saint Moritz, Switzerland.
Olympic Games
of 1936 in
Berlin, Germany.
Actual definition of doping
• Increases artificially the performance;• It is a risk for the health of the athlete;• It is contrary to the spirit of sports.
When two of the top three criteria are present, we have a case of doping.
Genethically based therapyes are being developed and it will
change soon the epidemiology of the diseases as we know
it.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
500,000BC
40,000BC
10,000BC
1,800 AC 2,500 AC
Life span
The Life Span of Humanity
• The detection of talents is actually done by observation of external anthropometric characteristics and in tests in Laboratories of Human Performance;
• The human genetically map will permit, studying the related phenotypes of a child, to detect a predisposition for a specific activity.
Detection of Talents
The human gene map for performance and health-related
fitness phenotypes: the 2003 update
Rankinen and Bouchard: 2004
The Belgian Blue BullThe Belgian Blue Bull
• The Belgian Blue Bull demonstrates the effect of blocking the antigrowth factor myostatin. A natural genetic mutation in this breed produces a truncated, ineffective form of myostatin, which allows muscle growth to go unchecked. The absence of myostatin also interferes with fat deposition, making these “double-muscled” cattle exceptionally lean.
Myostatin
Mighty Mouse - Lee and McPherron John Hopkins Medical Institution - 1997
Viral gene IGF-1 expression in trained rats Running on treadmill, and climbing with
overweight (Source: Sweeney 2004)
Genetically Engineered "Marathon Mouse" Keeps On
Running By enhancing the function of a single protein,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers have
produced a “marathon mouse” with altered muscle
composition and enough physical endurance to run
twice as far as normal mice.
Genetically Engineered "Marathon Mouse" Keeps On Running
Source: Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
2004