Download - Fusariumsituation in europa_2013-10-02

Fusariumsituationen

i Europa

Alois Fellinger

2 October 2013 © 2013, Food Diagnostic


Fusarium sp.


Mycotoxins


Mycotoxin Situationin Europe

• Big interest in national, regional or European mycotoxin monitoring data

• No coordinated program with comparable sampling available

• Individual studies, if published, with different scopes and methodology

• Some results are for internal use only and just available in personal

communication


Mycotoxin Situationin Europe

2009 2010 2011 2012

DON 3 2 11 4

FUM 1 3 4 4

ZEA 4

*RASFF – Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed - http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/index_en.htm

Notifications via RASFF*

© 2013, Food Diagnostic2 October 2013

Mycotoxin Situationworldwide 2012*

*Source: Biomin Mycotoxin Report 2012

67 58 50

33 42 50

DON FUM ZEA

EUROPE

6752 47

3348 50

DON FUM ZEA

ASIA

4512 13

5588 53

DON FUM ZEA

OCEANIA

37

78

26

63

22

74

DON FUM ZEA

N. AMERICA

21

64

26

79

36

74

DON FUM ZEA

S. AMERICA

4365

15

5735

85

DON FUM ZEA

MIDDLE EAST

68100

38

320

62

DON FUM ZEA

AFRICA64

5646

3644

54

DON FUM ZEA

GLOBAL OCCURENCE


Mycotoxin Situationin Italy*

*Source: Mycotoxins contamination in Italy and amagement experiences. Gruppo di Lavoro Micotossine, Mycotoxin Forum 5-6 September 2013

Durum

Wheat

2011 2012

> LOQ mean [µg/kg] > LOQ mean [µg/kg]

North 84% 180 100% 696

Center 80% 167 72% 120

South 36% 41 41% 31

Common

Wheat

2011 2012

> 1000 [µg/kg] > 1000 [µg/kg]

North 3% 7%

Center 1% 0%

South 0% 0%

DON data from national monitoring program (Micoprincem-Contrimpcer)


Mycotoxin Situationin Italy*

*Source: Mycotoxins contamination in Italy and amagement experiences. Gruppo di Lavoro Micotossine, Mycotoxin Forum 5-6 September 2013

DON

n=69

> LOQ

(%)*

> EU Limit

(%)

mean

[µg/kg]

min

[µg/kg]

max

[µg/kg]

Durum Wheat 86 0 250 163 322

Common Wheat 97 28 1147 20 5690

* LOQ: 40 μg/kg common w. – 120 μg/kg durum w.

T-2 / HT-2

n=69

> LOQ

(%)*

> EU Limit

(%)

mean

[µg/kg]

min

[µg/kg]

max

[µg/kg]

Durum Wheat 43 0 44 29 56

Common Wheat 2 0 27 27 27

DON 2013 - 69 samples collected in northern Italy

2 October 2013 © 2013, Food Diagnostic10.09.2013 © 2013, Food Diagnostic

Mycotoxin Situationin France*

*Source: Mycotoxins in French cereals: progress on knowledge and risk Management, Benoît Meleard, Intercereales, Arvalis – Institut du végétal, Mycotoxin Forum 5-6 September 2013

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

100%

75%

50%

25%

0%

DON survey 2003-2012- Distribution of classes in wheat**

**140 samples/year

% > 1250 µg/kg

750 – 1250 µg/kg

< 750 µg/kg


Mycotoxin Situationin France*

*Source: Mycotoxins in French cereals: progress on knowledge and risk Management, Benoît Meleard, Intercereales, Arvalis – Institut du végétal, Mycotoxin Forum 5-6 September 2013

Exclusion between T-2 + HT-2 and DON contents in small grain cereals

0 1000 3000 40002000 5000

500

400

300

200

100

0

DON [µg/kg]

T-2

and

HT-2

[µ

g/k

g]

from Arvalis and FranceAgriMer surveys

(3000 data from 2006 to 2011)


Mycotoxin Situationin Austria*

*Source: AGES Austria

LOQ = 50 ppb, ML (maize, Durum, oats): 1750 ppb, ML (other cereals): 1250 ppb

N and DON maxima: wheat (n=524): 6700 ppb, durum (n=41): 1300 ppb, Triticale (n=54): 2600 ppb

barley (n=70): 1100 ppb, rye (n=32): 770 ppb, oats (n=21): 700 ppb, maize (n=322): 6000 ppb

DON contamination in Austrian cereals and maize

wheat

100%

75%

50%

25%

0%

durum triticale barley rye oats maize

> LOQ

> ML


Mycotoxin Situationin Austria*

*Source: AGES Austria

50 μg/kg LOQ

200 μg/kg EU-ML processed cereal-based foods for infants, 750 μg/kg EU-ML – flours

range: n.n. – 1300 ppb, n = 175 (2005), 100 (2011)

100%

75%

50%

25%

0%

< 50

2005

2011

50 - 200 200 – 750

DON in flours


Mycotoxin Situationin breakfast cereals*

*Source: Zearalenone in breakfast cereals: challenges for compliance with current maximum levels. John

Woodward et. al. CEEREAL, Brussels, Mycotoxin Forum, 5-6 September 2013

• EU Legislation (1881/2006/EC & subsequent amendments)• Limit for ZON for non-maize-based breakfast cereals = 50 μg/kg

• Limit for ZON for maize-based based breakfast cereals = 100 μg/kg

• 50 μg/kg proved to be unattainable in 2008: high levels of ZON in UK wheat

bran (some >200 μg/kg) from 2008 harvest

• Temporary limit of 100 μg/kg granted until 31 October 2009, based on the

UK risk assessment conducted by the UK Food Standards Agency.

• EFSA opinion published in 2011 concluded, increasing the limit for ZON in

breakfast cereals up to 150 μg/kg “is unlikely to result in a chronic dietary

exposure exceeding the TDI”.

• 2008 problem attributed to a late harvest after heavy & prolonged summer

rain

• Simon Edwards, Harper Adams University concluded that weather conditions

conducive to high ZON levels in bran, would occur 1 in 5 years on average in

Northern Europe.


Mycotoxin Situationin Sweden

Presentations 2012

• Cecilia Lerenius och Göran Gustafsson: Fusarium och toxiner i vete, rågvete,

havre och maltkorn – inventering av prover från fältförsök 2004 -2011

• Klara Eskilsson: Vad gör Jordbruksverket? Foderkontroll Fusarium -

mykotoxiner

• Lisa Fredlund: Kartläggning av mögel och mykotoxiner i vete och havre

2009-2011

• Paula Persson, Anna-Karin Kolseth, Hanna Friberg, Ida Karlsson, Helena

Bötker: Några pågående projekt om Fusarium och mykotoxiner vid SLU

• Thomas Börjesson: Svensk forskning på Fusarium– mark-växt-spannmål

• Mats Lindblad och Thomas Börjesson: Prognosmetoder för Fusarium-toxineri

spannmål. Vädermodeller och fältprovtagning. Kort om sortprovning

2 October 2013 © 2013, Food Diagnostic2 October 2013 © 2013, Food Diagnostic

Mycotoxin Situationin Sweden

Lägesrapport 5

• Erik Hartmann och Thomas Björesson: Lägesrapport 5 (130911) beträffande

förekomst av DON och andra mykotoxiner i 2013 års spannmålsskörd Di

Sverige

• DON situation better than 2012

• Västergötland: about 7% of oats above DON food limits

• Värmland: about 20% of oats, spring and winter wheat higher

• Östergötland, Södermanland and Mälardalen: about 10% above

• No problems found with T-2, HT-2 and Zearalenone so far


§Legislation


• COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006

setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs

(om fastställande av gränsvärden för vissa främmande ämnen i livsmedel)

Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Patulin, Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone, Fumonisins

• COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 27 March 2013 on the presence of T-

2 and HT-2 toxin in cereals and cereal products (om förekomsten av T-2-

toxin och HT-2-toxin i spannmål och spannmålsprodukter)

actual

European Legislation

AFLA AF B1 AF M1 OTA PAT DON ZEA FUM T-2/HT-2

4,0 – 15,0

µg/kg*

0,1 – 8,0

µg/kg

0,025 – 0,05

µg/kg

0,5 – 10,0

µg/kg

10,0 – 50

µg/kg

200 – 1 250

µg/kg

20 – 200

µg/kg

200 – 2 000

µg/kg

15 – 1 000

µg/kg**

* maximum levels dependig on foodstuffs

** recommendation only


outlook / under discussion

European Legislation

• „New“ MycotoxinsT-2/HT-2, Ergot alkaloids, alternaria toxins, citrinin, phomopsin

EFSA opinions, occurrence data, methods, EU-RL, factors involved in

formation, fate during processing, ML

• Future Challengesmasked/bound mycotoxins, metabolites, EFSA opinions, methods, maximum

limits, guidance values, prevention, …

• Other Mycotoxins of possible interestPentitrem A, Cyclopiazonic acid, Roquefortine (A, B) C, Emodin,

Fusarenon X, Fusarin C, Enniatins, Beauvericin, Diacetoxyscirpenol,

Moniliformin


European Legislationregulatory outlook*

*Source: Frans Verstraete, Directorate-General for Health & Consumers, Mycotoxin Forum 6.9.2013

• Aflatoxin: • sampling procedures

• managing heterogeneity of analytical results

• T-2 and HT-2 toxin• guidance document for implementation of Commission Recommendation

• guidance level for cat feed

• Sampling of large lots for mycotoxins – food

• Validation requirements and performance criteria for screening methods for

the determination (quantitative / qualitative) of mycotoxins

• Changes to performance criteria for T-2 and HT-toxin

• Follow-up from risk management on new EFSA opinions on:• Sterigmatocystin (opinion available)

• Nivalenol (opinion available)

• Enniatins

• Beauvericin

• Diacetoxyscirpenol

• Moniliformin

2 October 2013 © 2013, Food Diagnostic10.09.2013 © 2013, Food Diagnostic

European Legislationregulatory outlook*

*Source: Frans Verstraete, Directorate-General for Health & Consumers, Mycotoxin Forum 6.9.2013

• Requests to EFSA: • Masked/hidden/bound/glycosylated mycotoxins and metabolites

• Risk assessment Deoxynivalenol (including 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON)

• Challenges as a consequence of changing weather conditions• tension between MLs based on the application of prevention measures versus changing

climate/weather conditions and year to year variation

• Increasing prevalence of aflatoxins in Europe (increased levels of aflatoxins in the South-

(East) of Europe in 2012 – 2013)

• Findings of other mycotoxins• Penitrem A (mainly feed - food (?)) – Penicillium

• Cyclopiazonic acid (food/feed) - Penicillium

• Mycophenolic acid - Penicillium

• Roquefortine (A,B) C - Penicillium

• Emodin - Aspergillus

• Penicillic acid – Penicillium

• Fusarenon-X – Fusarium

• Fusarin C - Fusarium


Mycotoxins & Climate

*Source: EMTOX – Impacts of climate change effects on natural toxins in plant and seafood production

Projected changes in mean summer (June-August) temperature for the scenario

period 2031-2050 as compared with the reference period 1975-1994.

Mean summer temperature for 2040 – Most models predict an

increase of ca. 1°C for NW Europe



*Source: EMTOX – Impacts of climate change effects on natural toxins in plant and seafood production

Projected changes in mean summer (June-August) precipation for the scenario

period 2031-2050 as compared with the reference period 1975-1994.

Mean summer rainfall for 2040 – Most models predict an increase

of ca. 0.2 mm/day for NW Europe



• The climate changes!

• Average temperature and rainfall will increase

• Increased temperature and humidity favor molds

• The rest, I leave to your imagination….


Frans Perssons väg 6

412 76 Göteborg

Tel. 031-335 13 62

[email protected]

www.food-diagnostics.se

Tack!


Ing. Alois Fellinger, MA

• Medical Research (Immunology)

University Vienna

• Sales & Marketing Manager with Austrian

distribution companies

• R-Biopharm – International Sales Manager

Responsible for N, S, FIN, DK, EE, LT, LV, PL, CZ, SK,

H, A, SLO, HR, SRB. BiH, RO, BG, MAK

Projects in USA, China, UK

• Romer Labs Holding - Chief Marketing Officer

• Owner ComCon Communication Consulting, Austria

• Areas of Interest: Mycotoxin Testing, Food Allergens & Food Allergy