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Emissions & Fuel SystemsAdvanced Power Train
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Clean Air Act
Date1970 Congress Creates Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
1990 Clean Air Act AmendmentsMandated Regulation for onroad E!ui"ment
199# onroad Regulations $ecome Effective% &' and its territories (Puerto Rico uam District
of Colum*ia t+e ,irgin -slands American 'amoaand t+e Common.ealt+ of t+e ort+ern Mariana-slands)
% Engines must *e Certified% Mac+ines must *e e!ui""ed .it+ Certified
Engines
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CO 2
25
BACT
ppm
72
42
NO X
96
UHC
9
145
LAER
MW-hr
21548
Tons/yr
PM
Environmental Regulations
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HP/L
0
10
20
30
40
50
1970 1980 1990 2000
H P / L i t e r X
Emissions
0
2
4
6
8
10
1970 1978 1988 1991 1998 2004
P a r t
i c u
l a t e s
! " / H P # H
$ %
Nox art!
X
T'ermal E((iciency !)iesel%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1998 2000
E ( ( i c i e n c y
*
X
Fuel Economy
0!00
0!10
0!20
0!300!40
0!50
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
+ S F , # L
+ # H
P # H
$
ro"uction Researc#
X
$ec#nolog% o& o'er
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OWNING & OPERATING CO T
E M I I O N
TARGET
!"#$%# #'(
C)*'!m+r
$ec#nolog% (rivers
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Particulate Matter !PM%Car*on from incom"lete com*ustion'olu*le organic fractions from t+e fuel /lu*ricating oil'ulfates formed from t+e sulfur in t+e fuel
Nitro-en o.ides !NO X%Com"osed of nitric o ide ( ) and nitrogendio ide ( 2)
Hydrocar ons !H,%Regulated eit+er as total +ydrocar*onemissions (34C) or as non%met+ane+ydrocar*ons ( M4C)
,ar on Mono.ide !,O%
Regulate" (iesel Emissions
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Non Roa" Emissions )imits * +,A
750 hp (3500)
Year 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3
Non Road Emission Limits - USANOx (+HC) g/hphr ! g/hphr
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Year
NOx (+H )
!"Unr"g#$at"d Tier 0
Tier
Tier 1
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EPA estimates t+at *y 2010 5 emissions .ill *e reduced *y a*out 1 million tons "er year6 t+e e!uivalent of ta ing 8million "assenger cars off t+e road:
Environmental -ene&it . Cost
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AirMotion
;uels After3reatment
4eatRe
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2m3rove Fuel e((iciency Emissions $elia ility
Emissions R . (Piston Cro.n Modeling 'imulation
Casting Core>aser Cutting -n
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4'at * o( En-ine $&) is s3ent on emissions"
66%
Engine Researc# . (evelo ment
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5tili6e diesel cycle wit' ran-e o( (uels7
#ie$e% &r'i& ie$e%
a*er- ,e%,%$i&/$
&a% a$
!r&pa/e
Na*,ra%
a$
%ex ,e%"e*ha/&%-#ie$e%
&r a$&%i/e-#ie$e%
"e*ha/&%
*ha/&%
H r&3e/
(evelo ment * Alternate uels
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ocus n uel
Co develo" lo. emission diesel fuelCom"lementary fit *et.een leaders in diesel engine andc+emical tec+nologies
e. lo. emission diesel fuel=.ater *lends / *lendingtec+nology called % Puri
o modifications to fuel systems or engine +ard.are re!uired
Estimated reductions of *y to 80? / PM *y 20 to0?Currently *eing tested in a variety of Cat engines anddifferent mac+ine a""lications
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OWNING & OPERATING CO T
E M I I O N
TARGET
!"#$%# #'(
C)*'!m+r
Diesel tec+nology
Alternative fuels
Develo"ment "rocess
e. conce"ts
a or (evelo ment rograms
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$#e or/s An" ears o& uel ,%stems
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#at e Are oing to $al/ A out
4istory3y"es of ;uel 'ystems;uel 'ystem A""licationsDifferentiation@or s / @ears
RemanAdditional Resources
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%h""$Load"rs
&nt"grat"d
Too$'arri"rs
!iningSho "$s
Tr#' s
S'rap"rs !otor Grad"rs
*a' ho"Load"rs
a ingrod#'ts
Agri'#$t#ra$E #ipm"nt
,or"st!a'hin"s
%h""$ Tra'torsand Compa'tors
Engin"s
So$ar T#r in"s
Tra' -T.p"Tra'tors Tra' -T.p"
Load"rs
,#"$S.st"ms
Ex'a ators
Cater illar ro"ucts
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#at "oes a uel ,%stem "o
Meters t+e amount offuel to ac+ieve desired
"o.er
Regulates engines"eed and timingse!uence4el"s controlemissions
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1980 19 0 19 0 19#0 1970 19B0 1990 2000
;irst Cat ;uel 'ystemCa"sule o le
;uel=Air Ratio Control
Auto%3iming Advance
7000 'eries o le
1 000 P'- Pum" / >ine
8#00 &-% @orld s >argest
Electronic Engine Controls
Electronic &nit -n
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Air Com"ressed 1=1# original volume4eats u" to 1 000 degrees ;a+ren+eitCylinder "ressures u" to 2200%2700 "siAir volume constant% (uel varia le
$#e Com ustion rocess
2nta8e ,om3ression ,om ustion E.'aust
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$#e Com ustion rocess
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$% es o& uel ,%stems
Direct -n
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!U& !U& CS,S NS,S EU& NS,S /L 0112 3"x"$ Stana- Nipp- 3"x"$NS,S S!,S !U& &n-$in" d.n" ond4
L#'asEU& 0152
HEU& A$$ #mp / Lin" S.st"ms
EU& HEU&
0162EU&
07700708
07980792
0782
1668
1660
Engin" :EAR
0077 0577 017707280722
0277 0977 0872 01;2087aria le T2E$ 22 Low Med#low
Low Med/Hi-'09:;;; Mec'anical Fi.ed T2E$ 2
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,leeve etering uel ,%stem
5
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(irect :n ection * ,croll etering
;eaturesPum" / line govenor ;e. moving "arts'im"le mec+anical govenor ;uel lu*ricates
$enefitsEasy startingEasy to serviceMore tolerant of dirtEconomicalEasily re"laced
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Ne' ,croll uel ,%stem
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Ne' ,croll vs! Current ,croll ; l"
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