8/13/2019 French Grammar Revision Notes
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1. Start with the verb stem
2. Take the nous form of the present tense and
remove – ons (être becomes êt-)
3.Add imperfect ending
Je -ais
Tu -ais
Il/Elle/On -ait
Nous -ions
Vous -iez
Ils/Elles/ -aient
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1.Use the FUTURE stem of the verb
2. Add the IMPERFECT ending
J‟aimeraisTu aimerais
Il / Elle / On aimerait
Example – aimer (would like):
Nous aimerionsVous aimeriez
Ils / Elles aimeraient
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Regarder (To watch) Je regarde
Tu regardesIl/Elle/On regarde
Nous regardonsVous regardez
Ils/Elles regardent
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Finir (To finish) Je finis
Tu finisIl/Elle/On finit
Nous finissonsVous finissez
Ils/Elles finissent
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vendre (To sell) Je vends
Tu vendsIl/Elle/On vend
Nous vendonsVous vendez
Ils/Elles vendent
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1.Use the PRESENT tense of AVOIR
2. Add the PAST PARTICIPLE
-er verbs ... Manger Mangé
-ir verbs ... Finir Fini
-re verbs ... Attendre Attendu
Past Participles
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1. Use the infinitive form of verb (-re removes –e)
e.g. Pendre je prendrai
2.Add future ending
Je finirai Tu finiras
Il / Elle / On finirons
Future Endings (finir)
Nous finirons Vous finirez
Ils / Elles finiront
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Used to convey the idea of what someone had done
1.Use the IMPERFECT of AVOIR or ÊTRE
2.Add the PAST PARTICIPLE
3 Basic Forms:M. Mermet avait payé très cher un repas médiocre
(M. Mermet had paid a lot for an ordinary meal)
Michel était allé dans un fast-food à midi (Michel had been to a fast-food restaurant at lunch-time)
Le garçon s’était trompé en faisant l‟addition
(The waiter had made a mistake with the bill)
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Par exemple:
Les autoroutes sont gérées par un société privée
The motorways are run by a private company
The passive is made up of:
1. Être in the relevant tense (or infinitive)
2. Add the Past Participle3. The Past Participle has to agree with the
subject.
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The pronoun y means there and is used to replace
expression containing à + place or en + country
E.g. Tu vas au travail en auto
J‟y vais en métroThe pronoun en means some or it/of them and is
used to replace expression containing du, de la, de
l’, des or de
E.g. Tu as trouvé du travail facilement?
Non, j‟en ai cherché pendant près d‟un mois.
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Whether you use des or de depends on the position
of the adjective.
If the adjective comes after the noun – we use des
If the adjective comes before the noun – we use de
Par exemple:
Sur la côte Atlantique, il y a des plages magnifiques
Sur la côte Atlantique, il y a de belles plages
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There are 4 forms of the adjective tout meaning all
or every: tout les temps
all the time
toute la journée
the whole day
tous les soirs
every evening
toutes les semaines
every week
Masc. Plural
spelling - tous
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Masculine Feminine Masc. & Fem.Plural
My Mon Ma Mes
Your Ton Ta Tes
His/Her/Its/Ones
Son Sa Ses
Our Notre Notre Nos
Your Votre Votre VosTheir Leur Leur Leurs
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Français English
me me and to me
te you and to you
nous us and to us
vous you and to you
Français English
Lui To him / to her
Leur To them
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Le mien – mine
Le tien – yours
Le sien – his/hers
Masculine Singular – Le mien
Feminine Singular – La mienne
Masculine Plural – Les miens
Feminine Plural – Les miennes
Le nôtre – ours
Le leur - theirs
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In the feminine:-er becomes –ère
-f becomes – ve
-eux becomes -euse
-et becomes -ète
Masculine Singular – grand
Feminine Singular – grande
Masculine Plural – grands
Feminine Plural –grandes
M. Sing. – Il est gros
M. Sing. – Il est heureux
M. Pl. – Ils sont gros
M. Pl. – Ils sont heureux
Adjectives ending in –s and –x are the same in the masculine
singular and plural
In the masculine:-al becomes -aux
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The form cet is used only with masculine words which beginwith a vowel or „h‟, in order to avoid the sound gap that
would be caused by ce.
Ce + Appartement Cet Appartement
To translate this/that use ce, cet, cette, and for
these/those use ces.
Le Ce
La Cette
Les Ces
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Direct Speech – The person‟s actual words
Indirect Speech – A Reporting of the person‟s
actual words (i.e. The person said ...) Par exemple
Direct Speech – “J‟ai mangé un meilleur repas à la
cantine à midi.”
Indirect Speech – Michel a dit qu‟il avait mangé un
meilleur repas à midi.
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Note the word order when words such as si, plus and moins are added:
Quelque chose de plus/moins cher – Something more/less expensive
Rien de si intressant – Nothing so interesting
The masculine singular form of the adjective is used after
the de
Quelque chose de différent. – Something different
Quelqu‟un de sympathique – Something nice
Rien de spécial – Nothing special
Personne d‟autre – Nobody else
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There are two ways of saying such – tel or si.Tel (telle/tels/telles) – is used with a noun and has
to agree.
Si – is used if the phrase already includes an
adjective with a noun
Par exemple
Je n‟ai jamais mangé un tel repas! – I‟ve never eaten such a meal
Je n‟ai jamais mangé un repas si copieux! – I‟ve never each such a
big meal
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-é -eau
-acle -age-ège -ème-isme -asme
Nouns ending in a consonant
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-ée -ère -euse -ade
-ace -ance/-anse -ence/-ense -ie -ise
-oire -ité -té -tié -itude
-tion -sion -aison -ison
Nouns ending in a silent –e following two consonants
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Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masc /Fem
The Le / L‟ La / L‟ Les
A / An Un Une Des
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Plus + adjective/
adverb + que … Moins + adjective/
adverb + que … Aussi + adjective/
adverb + que …
More … than …
Less … than …
As … as …
To compare things, use plus, moins or aussi
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1. Add – ment to the masculine singular adjective if
it ends with a vowel.
Vrai vraiment
2. Add – ment to the feminine singular adjective if it
ends with a consonant.
Normal normale normalement
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GOOD
Bon / Bonne
Bons / Bonnes
WELL
Bien
BAD
Mauvais / Mauvaise
Mauvais / Mauvaises
BADLY
Mal
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Il s‟agit de ...Je suis surpris de ...
Je suis choqué par lefait que ...
J‟admets que ...
Cependant/Pourtant
N‟oublions pas que ...
It‟s about ...I am surprised by ...
I am shocked by thefact that ...
I admit that ...
However
Let‟s not forget that
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A mon avis ...
Je pense que ...
Je trouve que ...
Selon moi ...
Je crois que ...
Quant à moi ...
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Mais
Cependant
Partant
Néamoins
Parce que ...Car
Puis que ... (since)
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FRACTIONSLa moitié – The half
Un tiers – A third
Un quart – A Quarter
Les trois-quarts –
3
/4
PERCENTAGESSoixante – Dix pour cent – 70%
RATIOSUn sur dix – 1 in 10
Un jeune sur cinq – 1 young person in 5
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Où?Quand?
Comment?Pourquoi?
Qui?
Combien?
Qu‟est-ce que c‟est?
Where?When?
How?Why?
Who?
How Much/Many?
What‟s that?
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Je m‟intéresse à … Je ma passionne pour..
Je n‟aime pas de tout.. J‟ai horreur de …
Je suis d‟accord …
Je suis totalement
pour/contre
I am interested in...I am passionate for...
I don‟t like at all... I hate, loathe ...
I agree ...
I am totally
for/against
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Ne … pas
Ne … jamais
Ne … plus
Ne … rien
Ne … ni … ni
Ne … que
Not
Never
No Longer
Nothing
Neither ... nor
Only
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Formation:1. Take the present tense „ils‟ form of the
verb
2. Add these endings:Je – eTu – es
Il/elle – eNous – ionsVous – iez
Ils/elles - ent
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There are many irregular verbs in thesubjunctive:•Aller•Avoir•Etre•Faire•Mourir•Pouvoir•Prendre•Savoir•Vouloir•
Venir
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Formation:
J‟aille
Tu ailles
Il/elle aille
Nous allions
Vous alliez
Ils/elles aillent
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Formation:
J‟aie
Tu aies
Il/elle aie
Nous ayons
Vous ayez
Ils/ellesaient
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Formation:
Je sois
Tu sois
Il/elle soit
Nous soyons
Vous soyez
Ils/elles soient
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Formation:
Je fasse
Tu fasses
Il/elle fasse
Nous fassions
Vous fassiez
Ils/elles fassent
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Formation:
Je meure
Tu meures
Il/elle meure
Nous mourions
Vous mouriez
Ils/elles meurent
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Formation:
Je puisse
Tu puisses
Il/elle puisse
Nous puissions
Vous puissiez
Ils/elles puissent
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Formation:
Je prenne Nous prenions
Tu prennes Vous preniez
Il prenne Ils/elles prennent
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Formation:
Je sache Nous sachions
Tu saches Vous sachiez
Il/elle sache Ils/elles sachent
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Formation:
Je vienne Nous venions
Tu viennes Vous veniez
Il/elle vienne Ils/elles viennent
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Formation:
Je veuille Nous voulions
Tu veuilles Vous vouliez
Il/elle veuille Ils/elles veuillent
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