LUCA FRATTARI
THE STRUCTURAL FORMTOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION IN ARCHITECTURE AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
1
Copyright Luca FrattariNo part of this presentation* may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmittedin any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwisewithout the prior permission in writing of the copyright owner.
*Exception is made for the material not owned by the author
University of CamerinoSchool Of Advanced Studies SAS
School of Architecture and Design “Eduardo Vittoria”Ascoli Piceno - Italy
Ph.D. in:Architecture, Environment and Design
Curriculum:Industrial Design and Experimental Architecture - IDEA
Cycle:XXIII°
THE STRUCTURAL FORMTopology Optimization in Architecture and Industrial Design
Conceptual design of a pedestrian bridge by means of topology optimization
2
This research stems from the requirement to explore the capability of structural optimization in the architectural and industrial design field.
In the last decades, special tailoring of software has been tried out, mainly to applications fields such as aeronautics but without integrating the aesthetic \structural aspects of the design.
preface
3
The application of Topology Optimization in Architecture has allowed to obtain the organic shape of the bridge shown in the picture.
preface
4
1 INTRODUCTION1.1 The Structural Form 1.2 The egg, the seashell and the bone1.3 Apply lessons from nature
2 STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION 2.1 Optimization problem
3 TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION IN ARCHITECTURE3.1 Case studies in architecture3.2 Shelter 3.3 Stadium3.4 PEGASUS BRIDGE
4 FINAL REMARKS 4.1 Obtained results4.2 Future developments
5
U
NTRODU
INTR
INTRODUCTION
UUINTRODDUCTIONINTROD
structural form
lessons from nature
development of biological structure
research goals
6
the structural form
For contemporary architects integration between form and structure not always represents a design theme.
On the contrary, in nature, the two concepts are definitely inseparable because they are fuse together by the evolutionary processes of biological forms.
1
7
For example, the capability of a tree to withstand self-weight is basic for itssurvival, as well as its strength against wind and other natural hazards.
the structural form1
8
The trunk of a tree and its various branches may be compared to clamped rods, the Stuttgart airport has adopted a similar approach that allows the structure to grow guaranteeing its stability.
the structural form1
9
The Egg is an efficient example of shell structures.
Thickness of few tenth of a millimetre is sufficient to withstand important loads if the material is placed correctly.
A similar concept is shown in the concrete shell by Heinz Isler in Switzerland.
1the egg
10
1the seashell
The ribbing of the seashell maximizes stiffness and strength maintaining lightweight in the minimum volume.
The same principle is applied in Architecture to build fascinating vaults or components such corrugated irons.
11
1the bone
Bones are another fantastic example of natural optimization.
Bone growth is surprising and attractive, the mass is concentrated according to the stress distribution descending from external loads.
This process is even reversible as observed on astronauts that lose bone mass after a long stay in a no-gravity ambient.
12
1Apply Lessons from NATURE
In some cases, architecture draws strength from the line of thrust, surprisingly similar to natural lifeforms.
Some modern architects have practised such concepts.
13
1Apply Lessons from NATURE
Among all, the Antoni Gaudì vision is remarkable.He made the Structural Form one of his distinguishing traits.
The Sagrada Familia and Parco Guell in Barcelona are universally deemed to be masterpieces, they stem from studies carried out empirically, but in an absolutely genial way.
14
1Apply Lessons from NATURE
Todays, designers have enhanced tools that allow continuing this exciting research.
The topology optimization, seems to be the tool that better simulates natural growth.
We might say: “Nature can give lessons to the architects again”.
15
CTU
STRUCT
STRSTRUCTURAL OPTIM
IZATION
RRSTRUCTUS URAL OPTIMIZATISTRUCTU
Optimization problem
Objective function, design variables,
design constraints and design space
Optimization techniques
Overview on the topology optim
ization
2
16
2Optimization problem
An optimization problem consists of minimizing or maximizing a given function while satisfying suitable constraints.
Structural optimization decreases the structural weight increasing the strength,
or decreases the weight of an existing structure maintaining the same stiffness features.
17
Simplifyng, a designer needs:
Design Space (2D or 3D)RestraintsObjective function (weight - strength)
Optimization problem2
18
OG
OPOLOG
TOPOTOPOLOGY OPTIM
IZATION IN ARCHITECTURE
AAOGY OPTIMIZGY ZAOO TION IN ARCHITURET EETOGY OPTIMIZOGY OPTIMIZGYGY ZAZAOOOO
design tools
preliminary test
design methodology
case studies in architecture
discussions
3
19
3Case studies in Architecture
Bridge design: Pegasus
Stadium design:Coliseum & Colossus
Shelter design:The harbour of Giulianova
20
3The shelter in the harbour of Giulianova
The Gull’s wing design space of the shelter takes inspiration from the Natural Environment.
Some data:Length: 113 m - height: 6 m Covered surface: 2200 mqMaterial: steelLoads: Self weight, Snow, WindRestraints: Columns, Strength
Non-design space
Design space
Restraints
21
3The shelter in the harbour of Giulianova
The FEM model and key iterations of topology optimization analysis
22
3The shelter in the harbour of Giulianova
Results of the topology optimization analysis is represented by:
2 Isolated columns with five and three branches (right) 2 Columns connected by a connection beam
23
3The shelter in the harbour of Giulianova
The re-design shows an evolution from a:
solid model
to an STL model
to a network model
to a surface model
underlining the key role of the designer in
the project refinement.
24
3The shelter in the harbour of Giulianova
Size Optimization analysis has been use on the latticed steel structure.
A tentative pre-design of the structure suggests the use of pipes and bars with
the following size for ribs, chords and ties:
ribs > pipes d = 193.7 mm and t = 16 mm
chords > pipes d = 244.5 mm and t = 25 mm
ties > bars d = 30 mm.
25
3The shelter in the harbour of Giulianova
Size optimization procedure needed only three steps to get 30% weight
reduction.
The maximum stresses in steel sections were lower than 150 MPa.
Initial weight 441 tons
Final weight 308 tons.
26
3The shelter in the harbour of Giulianova
Considerations
Weaknesses: Cost of the structure and needs of a facade.
Potentials: Fascinating Structural Form and impressive material reduction
27
3Coliseum: the concept stadium
solidThinking Inspired has been used
to develop the stadium exploiting its
conceptual design features.
Coliseum is an elliptical stadium of 120m x
140m long and 30 m high.
Images show the key steps of the re-design
process
28
3The key role of the designer
This experience underline
the central role of the designer.
From one inspiration the designer
can create three different
interpretations
A single design space for three
different styles
29
3Coliseum
1st interpretation, Coliseum in concrete
This interpretation exploits the
topological concept.
The designer draws inspiration on how
and where to place the structure.30
3Coliseum
The designer has the key to define the
overall aspect of the concept following
his creativity.
31
3Coliseum
2nd interpretation, Coliseum in steel
This interpretation exploits the same approach
(topological concept) combining commercial steel
profiles for the structural elements.
32
3Colossus: the heir of Coliseum
A second way to apply topology optimization in architecture is to exploit its
expressive potential with a literal re-design .
Thanks to this strategy we have a new organic-like stadium: Colossus.
This approach is very interesting because it pushes architects and engineers
to find different technologies to turn their concepts in reality.
33
3Colossus: the heir of Coliseum
The columns of Colossus, have been
re-designed adopting different styles.
The designer , following the structural
suggestions can express its creativity
refining each detail of the project.
34
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
PEGASUS is the pedestrian bridge
designed to cross Big Beaver Road in
Troy.
PEGASUS is 50m long and will
connect Altair’s headquarters to the
services across the road.
35
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
In this project we have some innovations in the method:
Pre-design of the steel deck
Loads are transmitted by pucks
Application of Topology Optimization and Size Optimization to obtain a structural skin \ collaborative skin.
36
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
The columns are defined by:
Symmetrical Design space X and Y
Void areas are placed to force the
optimization to external and visible
sides
Loads are steel-deck self-weight,
crowd and wind.
Restraints are applied on the 3
columns
37
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
The shelter is defined by:
Symmetrical Design space X and Y
Load is the wind
Restraints are applied on the connections
38
ID
part
123456
Initial
thickness (mm)
150150150150150150
Final
thickness (mm)
13013013013011580
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
A size optimization of the columns has been
used once the re-design phase was completed.
Structure is subdivided in 6 sectors with the same
initial thickness.
Thanks to size optimization the weight decreased
of 16% (from 453 t to 380 t).
39
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
Pegasus is the first example of an optimized hollow structure with a collaborative
skin.
- The next slides are probably the most important of this project cause they
represent the visual communication of the project -
- They are the result of several sketches, studies and deep reflections on the
application of topology optimization in architecture -
40
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
PEGASUS final re-design.
The bridge is composed of two main structures the shelter and the columns.
41
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
PEGASUS final re-design.
The designer expresses his potential following the structural suggestions.
42
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
Interior view:The deck has been changed to
have a nice view of the support structure.
Top view:Holes in the shelter guarantee the right sunlight illumination.
43
3Pegasus: the bridge on Big Beaver Road
PEGASUS is the complete combination of architect and engineer knowledge
and taste in matter of “Transparency and light”.
44
3Pegasus
“Bright” ideasPegasus has been conceived to use LED technologies to emphasize the streamlines and to underline its lightness.
[Honestly because I love the movie TRON LEGACY...]
45
3Pegasus
Light and “enlightened”
46
3Pegasus
Weaknesses:
Special construction techniques are required such as naval and aeronautic.
High construction costs. 47
3Pegasus
Potentials:
Impressive organic-like language
Innovation in size optimization application
First example of an optimized structural skin 48
SREMARK
FINAL R
FIN
FINAL REMARKS
considerations about the obtained results
the structural form in light of the present w
ork
future developments
LFINALARKSAR SSA FINAFINAL
5
49
DESIGN SPACEcreationdesigner
RE-DESIGN &CHOSE OF MATERIAL
TOPOLOGYOPTIMIZATIONsoftware / code
SECTION DATABASEcreationdesigner
ANALISYS MODELFOR SIZE OPTIMIZATION
designer
SIZEOPTIMIZATIONsoftware / code
FURTHER VERIFIESsoftware / code
STRUCTURECOMPLETE
is the resultsatisfactory?
is the resultsatisfactory?
is the resultsatisfactory?
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
is the resultsatisfactory?
is the
result depend
by section database
?
5Obtained results
An innovative design methodology to create Structural Forms
Brown boxes represent key phases of the design process.
Integration of: CAD CAE CAM
Interactive Display
Rapid Prototyping
Digital Fabrication
to create Structural Forms
50
5Future developments
CAE + CAD = CAEDComputer Aided Engineered Design
Integration between CAE and CAD tools in the same environment
Rapid Manufacturing and Mass Customization to transform the industrial process in digital fabrication Visual Interactive Tools andReal 3d Interactive Display
51
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Tutor and consultants:
Prof. GRAZIANO LEONI (Unicam Board)
Mech. Eng. JAMES P. DAGG (solidThinking)
Dr. JONATHAN JAGLOM (Objet Geometries)
Mech. Eng. ROBERTO D’ARIA (Altair Engineering)
Mech. Eng. ROBERTO VADORI (Motorola)
Dr. ANNE HUESER (Wacom Europe)
The author is kindly grateful for technical support to:
Altair EngineeringsolidThinkingObjet GeometriesWacomOvermachnetFabb ZCorp Eidolab 52
LUCA FRATTARI
THE STRUCTURAL FORMTOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION IN ARCHITECTURE AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Thank you for your attention
Top Related