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Towards implementing the New GMS Strategic Framework (2012-2022):
Expanding, Widening, and Deepening Economic Corridors in the GMS
The Fourth GMS Economic Corridors Forum (ECF-4)
Federico Soda,
Head, Labour Migration and Human Development
International Organization for MigrationMandalay,
Myanmar
28 June 2012
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Current labor migration trends
Issues and challenges
Labour mobility and regional development
Outline
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Current trends
Labor migration in GMS is driven by:
Unequal development: economic, social
Existing regional links
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Current trends: Quick Profile
3-5 mil. in the region; more than 60% in Thailand difficultto estimate due to high irregular migration
In 2004: intra GMS migrant flow around 1.5 million; flowtowards extra-GMS around 1.8 million
Mostly low-skilled (agriculture, fisheries, construction,domestic work); tradesmen from Viet Nam
Limited data makes it difficult to analyze
High levels of irregular migration expensive, difficult
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Current trends: demographic factors
Demographic inequalities
More developed: older pop, lower fertility rate, lower popgrowth rates & high per capita GDP
Less developed: younger pop, higher fertility rates, highpop growth rates & lower per capita GDP
Demographics changing and economies develop
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Current trends: economic factors
Source:
http://www.unescap.org/tid/artnet/artnet_app/images/
GDP-Growth.jpg
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What can we anticipate?
Ageing populations in Thailand, Southern China and willsoon decrease in Vietnam
Vietnam is expected to show labor shortage by 2016 Guanxi Zhuang population will decline by 2030; 2040 for
Yunnan Next ten years: push and pull factors will lead to increased
migration within GMS, with an increase of around 30% In 2021 the migrant stock in GMS is expected to be higher
than 5 million Developments in Myanmar
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Social and economic impact
Irregular migration needs to be reduced; it underminessovereignty, reduces the benefits of migration, distortslabour markets
Regular channels are costly and complicated; migrantsoften prefer to pass through brokers
Recruitment practices associated to trafficking especially
women and men in the fishing sector
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Issues and challenges
Intra-regional migration to continue to grow Insufficient data to analyze it and formulate policies
benefits of labour migration for the region not beingmaximized
Need to better jointly manage labour migration Existing legal channels insufficient (costly, complicated);
recruitment to be better regulated and betterenforcement
Remittances, transfer of skills and knowledge
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Recognize that migration is related to market integration andliberalization goods, services, investment and migrant
workers Include the social dimensions of migration in the integration
process; recognize pros and cons and the rights of migrantworkers
Include migration into the national regional developmentagenda
Strengthen national and intra-regional collaboration onmigration data.
Conclusion - Labour mobility and
regional development
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Strengthen registration and identification cards for migrantworkers (especially under MOUs with TH) increase numberof regular, documented migrant workers.
Enhanced protection and enforcement to promote regularmigration better integration of migrants
Better governance through: pre-departure training, information,standardization of training and skills, access to social servicesand portability of benefits, remittance transfer channels,
productive return
Conclusion - Labour mobility and
regional development
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Thank you
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