Foto Roger Alonzo efectos de baja presion
SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS
AARREC ACF ACTED ADRA Africare AMI-France ARC ASB ASI AVSI CARE CARITAS CEMIR International CESVI CFA CHF CHFI CISV CMA CONCERN COOPI CORDAID COSV
CRS CWS DanChurchAid DDG Diakonie Emerg. Aid DRC EM-DH FAO FAR FHI FinnChurchAid FSD GAA GOAL GTZ GVC Handicap International HealthNet TPO HELP HelpAge International HKI Horn Relief HT
Humedica IA ILO IMC INTERMON Internews INTERSOS IOM IPHD IR IRC IRD IRIN IRW Islamic Relief JOIN JRS LWF Malaria Consortium Malteser Mercy Corps MDA MDM MEDAIR
MENTOR MERLIN Muslim Aid NCA NPA NRC OCHA OHCHR OXFAM PA PACT PAI Plan PMU-I Première Urgence RC/Germany RCO Samaritan's Purse Save the Children SECADEV Solidarités SUDO TEARFUND
TGH UMCOR UNAIDS UNDP UNDSS UNEP UNESCO UNFPA UN-HABITAT UNHCR UNICEF UNIFEM UNJLC UNMAS UNOPS UNRWA VIS WFP WHO World Concern World Relief WV ZOA
iii
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 1
TABLE I: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER CLUSTER ...................................................................... 3 TABLE II: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER ORGANIZATION ............................................................ 4
2. CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES ..................................................................... 5
2.1 CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Food Security .................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.2 WASH .............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.3 Health .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.4 Shelter ............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.5 Early Recovery (ER)........................................................................................................................ 7
3. NEEDS ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 12
4. COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN .................................................................................. 13
4.1 SCENARIOS .............................................................................................................................................. 13 4.2 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION ............................................................................. 14 4.3 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS ................................................................. 16 4.4 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN ................................................. 17 4.5 CLUSTER/SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS ......................................................................................................... 19
4.5.1. FOOD SECURITY ........................................................................................................................ 19 4.5.2. WASH ............................................................................................................................................ 21 4.5.3. HEALTH ........................................................................................................................................ 23 4.5.4. SHELTER ...................................................................................................................................... 25 4.5.5. ER .................................................................................................................................................. 28
4.6 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................................. 30
ANNEX I. LIST OF PROJECTS ....................................................................................................................... 31
TABLE IV: TOTAL FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS LISTED IN THE APPEAL ................................ 33 TABLE V: TOTAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR (APPEAL PLUS OTHER)* ............................. 34 TABLE VI: HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS NOT LISTED IN THE APPEAL .......... 35
ANNEX II. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 36
Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available
on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net.
Full project details can be viewed, downloaded and printed from www.reliefweb.int/fts.
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
During the last two weeks of October 2011, heavy rains associated with Tropical Depression 12E
caused flooding and landslides throughout Nicaragua. National emergency was declared by the
president Daniel Ortega on October 17. Due to the magnitude of the damage caused by the flooding,
the Government requested the activation of the international assistance mechanisms managed by the
United Nations.
The latest assessment (October 28) organized by the Government concluded that 87 of 153
municipalities of the country suffered damages, while 148,530 people were affected. The most
affected departments of the country are Estelí, Chinandega, Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Jinotega,
Matagalpa and Managua. The affected population suffered damages to their property, agricultural
crops and other livelihoods. In the meantime, vital infrastructure and the environment were also
severely damaged.
Data from needs assessments conducted by the
government with UN agencies indicate that, 50 days
after Tropical Depression 12E struck Nicaragua; more
than 100,000 people remain in need of humanitarian
and early recovery assistance.
According to official data provided by the Government
through the National System for Attention, Mitigation
and Prevention of Disasters, the value of the
damages and losses amount to more than US$445
million1, which equals 6.8% of the GDP in 2010. The
most affected sectors are infrastructure, housing and
agricultural production.
Since the beginning of the disaster, a nationwide
coordinated effort focused on the provision of
emergency aid (food and non-food items, safe water
and health assistance) to the affected population,
especially to people in shelters.
Analysis based on the various needs assessments
conducted, shows that the areas requiring additional
attention in the coming months are food security,
water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and the early
recovery. However, needs persist for people
remaining in shelters and for some affected
communities, whom will require continued assistance
in the health and shelter sectors. In the meantime, activities related to protection of women, children
and adolescents will be mainstreamed within the response of all sectors.
The revised Flash Appeal seeks requirements for $14,840,854 until April 2012 to continue to address
the immediate and early recovery needs of the 100,000 most vulnerable people still in need of
emergency assistance. With $4.2 million in funding for the Appeal so far, this still leaves $10.6 million
to be raised. The United Nations System in Nicaragua will continue to provide both financial and
technical assistance to ensure strengthened capacity for the continuum from emergency to recovery,
rehabilitation and development.
1 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the
Financial Tracking Service (FTS, [email protected]), which will display its requirements and funding on the current appeals page.
Nicaragua revised Flash Appeal Key parameters
Duration Six months
Affected population
100,000 people food-insecure 4,500 people remain in camps
Areas targeted by Flash Appeal
Principally in the four most affected departments of Chinandega, León, Managua, Estelí, but assistance also required in Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia and Madriz
Key clusters and sectors for response
Food security, WASH, health, shelter and early recovery
Key target beneficiaries (approximate figures)
- 100,000: food security - 25,000: WASH - 92,000: health - 4,500: shelter - 3,400: early recovery
Total funding requested
Funding requested per
beneficiary
$14,840,854 Approximately
$148
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Basic humanitarian and development indicators for Nicaragua
Population 5,888,945
Under-five (U5) mortality rate (per 1,000) 35.0
Life expectancy (years) 74.5
Prevalence of undernourishment in total population (%) 19.0
Gross national income per capita ($) 1,077.70
Population living on less than $1.25 per day – purchasing power parity (%) 5.5
Population without sustainable access to an improved drinking water source (%) 65.0
European Commission Humanitarian Office (ECHO) Vulnerability Index score Medium
ECHO Crisis Index score High
Human Development Index score 0.57
Population growth 1.2
Maternal mortality 60.6
Infant mortality 29.0
Population with HIV/AIDS (accumulated) 4,742
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TABLE I: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER CLUSTER
Nicaragua Flash Appeal (October 2011 - April 2012) as of 13 December 2011
http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.
Cluster Original requirements
Revised requirements
Funding
Unmet requirements
% Covered
Uncommitted pledges
($) A
($) B
($) C
($) D=B-C
E=C/B
($) F
COLLECTIVE CENTRES / EMERGENCY SHELTER
797,506 767,037 239,386 527,651 31% -
EARLY RECOVERY 1,350,000 1,907,584 229,438 1,678,146 12% -
FOOD SECURITY 10,606,470 10,530,473 2,995,560 7,534,913 28% -
HEALTH 785,760 785,760 323,105 462,655 41% -
WASH 750,000 850,000 418,906 431,094 49% -
Grand Total 14,289,736 14,840,854 4,206,395 10,634,459 28% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.)
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 December 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
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TABLE II: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER ORGANIZATION
Nicaragua Flash Appeal (October 2011 - April 2012) as of 13 December 2011
http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.
Appealing organization
Original requirements
Revised requirements
Funding
Unmet requirements
% Covered
Uncommitted pledges
($) A
($) B
($) C
($) D=B-C
E=C/B
($) F
BUSF 101,850 71,381 - 71,381 0.0% -
CARE International - 320,000 - 320,000 0.0% -
DWHH - 571,217 - 571,217 0.0% -
FAO 1,700,000 1,700,363 370,862 1,329,501 21.8% -
IOM 420,525 420,525 179,386 241,139 42.7% -
PAHO (WHO) 724,770 724,770 262,137 462,633 36.2% -
RE.TE. - 76,796 - 76,796 0.0% -
SC 250,000 250,000 221,106 28,894 88.4% -
UNDP 1,350,000 1,900,000 229,438 1,670,562 12.1% -
UNDSS - 7,584 - 7,584 0.0% -
UNFPA 195,131 195,131 60,000 135,131 30.7% -
UNICEF 360,990 360,990 258,768 102,222 71.7% -
WFP 8,906,470 6,781,966 2,624,698 4,157,268 38.7% -
WVI 280,000 1,460,131 - 1,460,131 0.0% -
Grand Total 14,289,736 14,840,854 4,206,395 10,634,459 28.3% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.)
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 December 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
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2. CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES
2.1 CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE
Sustained heavy rainfall in the Pacific, central and northern part of Nicaragua associated with Tropical
Depression 12E in October caused flooding and landslides, damage to people, property, vital
infrastructure, agricultural crops and environment, resulting in the immediate need of evacuating the
affected populations.
On 14 October, the National System for Attention, Mitigation and Prevention of Disasters (SINAPRED)
declared a yellow alert for the departments of Estelí, Chinandega, Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Jinotega,
and Matagalpa. In addition, they activated all department and municipal level emergency operations
centres and emergency response plans in these areas. In the subsequent days, other departments
began to report damages from the flooding and landslides.
Faced with the humanitarian situation, President Daniel Ortega issued a constitutional decree of state
of “National Calamity and Disaster” (Decree 53-2011) for the entire country. Upon this decree, the
Government of Nicaragua formally requested the United Nations System (UNS) in Nicaragua to
activate the international mechanism for aid and assistance.
The emergency response has been led by the Government of Nicaragua, establishing priorities for
intervention and needs´ requirements. The UNS, at the Government’s request, has activated its
mechanisms for mobilizing resources for the emergency response under a cluster approach.
In order to elaborate more consistent interventions, the sector and cluster leaders have held
coordination meetings and conducted joint field assessments with international agencies, the
Government and organizations belonging to the Humanitarian Network established in the country.
2.1.1 Food Security
The significant damage to crops has curtailed access to food. An initial emergency food security
assessment was conducted during the last half of October by World Food Programme (WFP), Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of
Health (MoH) and SINAPRED, covering nine departments of the affected area. The survey
highlighted a shortage of food in the affected municipalities due to the isolated conditions of many
communities. In addition, local stores and markets have been unable to replenish stocks. This
situation coupled with crop losses has led to local rising food prices.
Most of the affected communities suffer from chronic vulnerability prior the floods. Hence the capacity
of the people to cope with the negative consequences of the floods is limited. The effect of El Niño or
La Niña on the up-coming planting season is uncertain. There are no specific alternatives for crop and
seeds conservation. Furthermore, the bean exportation market at regional level represents a threat
for the availability of seeds for the coming season.
No specific intervention has been carried-out by the humanitarian and state actors to assist the
“Apante” sowing period. Due to the rains, few farmers have had the capacity to produce during that
period.
The humanitarian response to address food insecurity caused by Tropical Depression 12E has been
focused on the delivery of food assistance to affected families and the rehabilitation of infrastructure
through food-for-work activities.
2.1.2 WASH
A joint assessment at municipal level was carried out after the initial launch of the Flash Appeal, in
order to attain updated information about the WASH situation. According to the figures obtained, a
higher number of water and sanitation facilities have been damaged compared with the initial data
provided by the Government; in the most affected departments (Chinandega, Leon, Estelí and
Managua), some 1,100 wells were damaged, flooded or contaminated. 10,800 latrines were damaged
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or flooded. In the low lands (especially in the most affected municipalities of Leon, Chinandega and
Managua Departments) floods remained for several weeks and caused severe health problems
related with water sources contamination, lack of water and sanitation facilities.
The humanitarian response to date in the WASH sector was limited to delivery of safe water and
disinfection means (chlorine) as well as hygiene promotion activities, in shelters (during the first two
weeks) and in some of the most affected communities, by local MoH. Other activities such as
cleaning, disinfection and rehabilitation of water sources (wells); rehabilitation of sanitation facilities
(latrines and others); and delivery of water storage means and hygiene promotion, have been
planned. In support of local government leadership, implementation of these activities has started
through the WASH Cluster. Coordination meeting have been carried out on a regular basis, with the
participation of SINAPRED and other governmental institutions as well as local and international non-
governmental organizations (INGOs) involved in the response.
2.1.3 Health
The strategy to support the MoH consists of direct counseling with the following components: visits to
the local health clinics - SILAIS (Sistemas Locales de Atención Integral en Salud) which planned
actions to perform in each of the affected municipalities, determine the resources that are employed
for the provision of primary health care; carry out technical field visits to the municipalities for example:
supply and installation of radio stations in four municipalities of SILAIS Estelí. Support to maintain
health services will continue in shelters and communities affected by heavy rains and floods, to ensure
access to health services and safe water and to contribute to strengthening local capacities in the
monitoring of early warning and rapid response to outbreaks.
According to the registry of epidemiological surveillance of the MoH, during the month of October,
there was an increase in the number of cases of acute diarrheic disease, and acute respiratory
infection (ARI) in the four most affected SILAIS. Furthermore, increases in the number of pneumonia
in the SILAIS of León and Managua have been reported. Additionally, an increase in suspected cases
of classic dengue in the SILAIS of Estelí, Chinandega and León has been registered in the health
clinics. While in Chinandega there is a slight increase in leptospirosis. Fortunately, in the SILAIS of
León, Managua, and Estelí, there is a declining trend,
Support to the health sector has been provided through the provision of resources and direct guidance
to health officials. The programmed goals are being achieved. The most important lesson learned is
that the Health sector must work in close collaboration with the communities in the protection of its
inhabitants and safeguarding health.
2.1.4 Shelter
According to official figures, the emergency resulted in 16 deaths. More than 10,146 people (46%
adults and 54% children) were evacuated in 102 emergency shelters (ESs). However some internally
displaced people (IDPs) sought shelter in schools, communal centres and churches, and an unknown
number were are in private homes, organized as “solidarity houses”. The IDPs were concentrated in
the departments of Estelí, Managua, Leon, Chinandega, Madriz, Matagalpa and Nueva Segovia.
As of now, only 12 shelters remain active (ten in Managua and two in the municipality of San
Franscisco Libre). A total of 900 families (approximately 4,500 people) are still in shelters, 60% of
whom are from the last year’s emergency and 40% are from the current emergency. Some IDPs and
families who are able to return to their homes will be assisted.
The Government has distributed non-food items (NFIs), food, comfort kits and water with the support
of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and bilateral donors. International agencies have
supported with NFIs, hygiene/kitchen/comfort kits.
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2.1.5 Early Recovery (ER)
The total of 10,812 houses were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E, representing 12,275
families. 8,924 homes were flooded, 318 are high-risk sites, 335 were completely destroyed and
1,235 partially destroyed. As part of the support to affected families, the Government announced the
immediate disbursement of 359 million Córdobas ($15.7 million) for the repair, rehabilitation and
construction of houses damaged by the rains.
Furthermore, the Government has implemented the following activities:
Rehabilitation of bridges, secondary roads and highways, in order to ensure national
connectivity.
Assessments of damage and losses on the infrastructure of roads, bridges and housing, in
order to establish accurately the requirements of rehabilitation.
To date, Habitat for Humanity has delivered 8,500 kits for emergency cleaning and minor flood repairs.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) obtained approval for $206,938 from the Central
Emergency Response Fund (CERF) for housing rehabilitation and reconstruction and generation of
temporary employment. HEMCO contributed $200,000 for the construction of supportive homes.
Agence d'Aide à la Coopération Technique et au Développement (Agency for Technical Cooperation
and Development/ACTED) presented food for work for the repair of roads in Achuapa.
ER actions will concentrate on: income generation for the affected populations, rehabilitation and
housing construction, training in safe self-construction methods, basic equipment such as tools and
belongings to facilitate reconstruction and economic recovery activities for the prevention of child
labour.
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Key facts and figures of response to date
WASH
Main achievements to date Challenges and gaps in response
Cluster coordination activities among governmental institutions, NGOs and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), allowing an affective planning process.
Information and coordination meetings are being carried out on a regular basis leading to improved joint response planning.
The Government in coordination with UNICEF and NGOs/INGOs, assessed the needs of affected communities and planning intervention in: rehabilitation of water sources; water disinfection, storage and distribution; rehabilitation/construction of sanitation facilities; hygiene promotion and waste disposal.
A plan is being implemented under the coordination of the Government for the rehabilitation and construction of latrines, the disinfection and reparation of wells, distribution of filters and chlorine for potable water, and training on water and sanitation and vector control.
Difficult access to affected communities
Delay and difficulties to get detailed and reliable data and information about damages and needs;
High number of NGOs are interested in participating in the WASH Cluster, making the coordination effort more complex.
Continue the rehabilitation of wells and latrines.
FOOD SECURITY
Main achievements to date Challenges and gaps in response
WFP has delivered 727 MTs of food to date, including fortified food rations to assist 14,000 affected families in the three most-affected departments of the country. Food assistance delivery is ongoing to an additional five departments.
FAO has received funding from CERF for immediate assistance to prevent food losses, restore food production and livelihoods.
NGOs such as the Humboldt Center, Lutheran World Federation, Catholic Agency for Overseas Development, and Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (OXFAM) have provided food assistance and assistance to restoration of productive areas.
Welthungerhilfe and ACTED have supported rehabilitation of infrastructure and roads through food-for-work activities.
World Vision (WV) has delivered 15-day food packages for 992 families in 24 shelters
Distributions to isolated communities have been challenging. Several modes of transport were required, including improvised artisanal vessels, horses and in some cases food was delivered “canopy”.
WFP cereal stocks in country were depleted by mid-November; ongoing local purchases enabled WFP to quickly replenish stocks.
Funding is urgent in order to meet the food needs of the affected population for the next 150 days in order to prevent further deterioration of malnutrition in the affected areas with population prone to chronic or acute malnutrition.
Funding is required to expand food-for-work activities in 60 communities in urgent need of agricultural and infrastructure rehabilitation.
Food assistance is required for 1,960 families.
Seeds production is a priority as well as post-harvest inputs and technical assistance to meet next production season.
Affected backyard economies should be addressed to provide households with an alternate source of food and diversified diet.
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SHELTER
Main achievements to date Challenges and gaps in response
Coordination meetings between the Ministry of Family and International Organization for Migration (IOM), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and UNICEF.
Better communication with shelter sector group and SINAPRED.
Local authorities provide information on the damages and needs.
The coordination with United Nations (UN) agencies and NGOs in the shelter sector is very good.
Many of the families that had been living in temporary shelters, such as schools and community centres, or with host families have started to return to their homes.
Improve response data.
Lack of training to shelter staff.
Families living in “solidarity homes” are not receiving the necessary support.
Lack of psychological support to families who have suffered loss of their homes.
Main achievements to date Challenges and gaps in response
Some NGOs as INETER, Habitat for Humanity, WV, Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), Save the Children (SC), Shelter Box and the Nicaraguan Red Cross Society (NRCS) have supported with NFIs, water, kitchen/ hygiene/comfort kits, blankets, mattress, plastic barrels, cloth for affected families.
Many schools, churches and community centres have been used as shelters. It is planned to improve the few shelters in place and collaborate with SINAPRED and Comité Municipal para la Prevención, Mitigación y Atención de Desastre (Municipal Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation/COMUPRED) in shelter management, training and psychological support to the affected families.
HEALTH Main achievements to date Challenges and gaps in response
Restoration of the health services in the most affected communities. Medical care of 90% of the population affected, and prophylactic medication in communities with a history of leptospirosis.
Surveillance and disease control and vector control activities, especially in relation to dengue in the capital.
Improved access to safe water and sanitation
Containment of vector-borne diseases through water quality control, disease surveillance and control of outbreaks;
The permanent coordination and established working relationship between the cluster lead (Health and WASH), the MoH and the SILAIS has facilitated the activities.
The most important lesson learned is that the Health Cluster must work closely with the communities.
Continuous supply of chlorine to the communities.
Roads and bridges damaged by floods which complicate access. Vehicles used by health personnel and Ambulance are not in good conditions.
Continue with the restoration of health services in affected communities.
Disinfection and monitoring of drinking water in shelters and health centres.
Purchase and repair of equipment to fight epidemics.
Late funding for emergency.
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ER
Main achievements to date Challenges and gaps in response
Habitat for Humanity: 8,500 emergency cleaning kits.
UNDP-CERF $206,938 for housing rehabilitation and reconstruction and temporary employment generation.
ACTED: food for work to repair roads in Achuapa.
Generate employment and recuperate livelihoods.
Develop social housing projects.
Housing rehabilitation and construction.
Cleaning and repair of public infrastructure.
Provide national and local authorities with technical assistance in developing sustainable human settlements.
Training and capacity-building in safe construction techniques.
Other responses to the emergency (i.e. Government, bilateral, Red Cross)
GOVERNMENT Other main achievements to date
Overall
Monitoring and follow-up of information.
Reception, storage and distribution of international aid.
Evaluation of the population at risk.
Shelter management and administration.
Care and psycho-social support. WASH
Massive water distribution. Food
The Government distributed 315 metric tons (MTs) of food for the care of approximately 50,000 people for 15 days.
The Government has implemented measures to stabilize prices of basic consumer products and applied immediate zoosanitary plans for disease prevention and rodent control in affected areas. Health
Provision of health services, with the support of donor agencies and the effort of health workers.
Inter-agency coordination for health care to the population.
The Government, through the MoH carried out the following activities: safe water distribution in shelters and communities in the immediate days after the crisis; chlorine distribution in shelters and most affected communities; hygiene and health promotion in shelters and most affected communities. Shelter
Since the beginning of the emergency, the Government has provided to affected families in shelters NFIs, i.e. comfort/kitchen/hygiene kits.
Provisioning of aid (mats, plastics, hammocks, and blankets). Early Recovery
Allocation of funds by the Government for the rehabilitation of bridges, roads and highways.
Assessments of infrastructure damages (roads, bridges and homes), in order to establish the precise requirements of rehabilitation.
Individual and joint assessment of damages in the affected areas by sector group teams.
Challenges and gaps in response
The challenge is to achieve and maintain a good coordination at cluster level, with all planned response activities. To do this, is important to maintain the coordination with SINAPRED, supporting it in its leading role.
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Funding Analysis
The initial Flash Appeal launched on October 28had original requirements of $14,289,736. Following
the launch, the Emergency Relief Coordinator approved $2,030,597 in rapid response grants from the
CERF, as well as $30,000 as an emergency cash grant (ECG) for relief items and logistical support.
The revised Flash Appeal seeks revised requirements of $14,840,854 to continue to support the most
vulnerable people.
To date, 28% of the Flash Appeal’s revised requirements have been covered. However, there are
significant imbalances between clusters, and also between donors. This is hampering key
humanitarian assistance operations being implemented by the humanitarian network and the
Government of Nicaragua. As of this revision, CERF grants represented 48% of total funding for the
Appeal. Additionally, the Government of Nicaragua has received donations of cash and in kind.
Original requirements
($) A
Revised requirements
($) B
Funding ($) C
Unmet requirements
($) B-C
% Covered C/B
FOOD SECURITY 10,606,470 10,530,473 2,995,560 7,534,913 28%
ES 797,506 767,037 239,386 527,651 31%
ER 1,350,000 1,907,584 229,438 1,678,146 12%
HEALTH 785,760 785,760 323,105 462,655 41%
WASH 750,000 850,000 418,906 431,094 49%
Grand total: 14,289,736 14,840,854 4,206,395 10,634,459 28%
The Government, the UN and the humanitarian network are working to ensure that all urgent
humanitarian actions, ER and medium-term development programmes are synchronized to augment
Nicaragua’s resilience to future shocks. Regrettably, with 72% of the Flash Appeal’s revised
requirements unfunded and with significant imbalances in the funding provided, this strategy is under
threat, and as a consequence, the risk of continued suffering and loss of human and economic capital
still exists.
Consequences of under-funding
Food security: some 11,000 families will be left with no food assistance until the next harvest, as most of them have little or no food reserves after the massive flooding destroyed their crops, reserves and homes. This could jeopardize the lives of the most vulnerable groups or deteriorate their nutritional status, increasing the risk of becoming acutely or chronically undernourished. Failure to restart agriculture activities in affected areas will have a negative impact on the ongoing food insecurity situation.
WASH: failure to secure funding will result in a lack of safe water availability, sanitation facilities improvement and hygiene promotion in some of the most affected communities, which could cause an increase of waterborne diseases (diarrhoea and ARIs) which affect mostly children U5.
Early recovery: projects proposed are short of funding. This situation puts at risk the speedy return to normality of affected families, since this lack of funding hinders the filling of the gap between humanitarian assistance and reconstruction activities
Health: limited funding puts the most vulnerable and unattended population (children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people living with disability) at high risk.
Shelter: poor shelter management will increase level of gender-based violence (GBV). A safe and secure shelter environment will facilitate well-being, and facilitate the return to home when conditions are right.
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3. NEEDS ANALYSIS
The main needs more than 50 days after the rains started are primarily related to food security, ER
and water and sanitation measures, with associated needs in the health and shelter.
According to the emergency food security assessment (EFSA), some 55,000 people that lost crops
and livelihoods will suffer from food scarcity during the next four to ten months, until the next harvest
will take place. Nevertheless, most households and infrastructure heavily damaged by the most
recent disasters could require up to several years to recover, thus increasing the vulnerability of the
population to new shocks.
As families begin to relocate and look for work, it is critical that their livelihoods are saved, restored
and protected. Therefore, the challenge is to re-establish agricultural activities and to search for
economic resources to fund proposals to respond with income generation opportunities during the
period of highest need from October onwards to ensure a speedy recovery and help them return to
their normal activities.
The Early Recovery Cluster plays an integral and consequential role in this revised Flash Appeal. ER
actions and activities will primarily focus on: income generation for the affected populations,
improvement, rehabilitation and construction of housing, training in safe construction techniques and
self-construction methods, basic equipment such as tools and belongings to facilitate reconstruction
and economic recovery activities. Children are returning to schools and families are returning to their
homes even though school facilities and housing infrastructure remain damaged or are in poor
conditions due to their use as shelters during the peak of the emergency. In addition, access to
populations in need is still hampered by damaged or destroyed rural roads, bridges and even primary
roads. The reverse is also true: vulnerable populations are unable to seek assistance or restore
livelihoods as a result of damaged infrastructure, the repair of which is therefore a valuable opportunity
to generate temporary employment, which will help boost the local economy.
People in affected communities still have limited access to WASH practices, thus maintaining the risk
of illnesses and outbreaks amongst the most vulnerable groups. According to the latest data from
joint assessments, a higher number of water and sanitation facilities have been damaged compared
with the initial data provided by the Government. In the low lands floods remained for several weeks
and this caused severe health problems related with water source contamination, lack of water and
sanitation facilities, worsened by the poor hygiene habits within the population. It is therefore urgent
for UN agencies and the humanitarian network to provide in the most affected communities: cleaning
and disinfection of wells in order to ensure access to safe water for human consumption; rehabilitation
and construction of latrines; promotion of adequate hygiene practices (key messages on safe water,
hand washing, excreta disposal, etc.).
Shelters still in use need to be strengthened to meet basic needs. Particular attention must be given
to strengthening the shelters’ management abilities, including their capacity to prevent GBV and to
assure conditions that guarantee protection and psycho-social rehabilitation in a timely manner
The Health Cluster has identified needs with regard to primary health care attention to the affected
people, control of outbreaks, and recovery of infrastructure in health care facilities. These priorities
are to ensure nutrition adequate stocks, while the ER of the local agriculture activities is carried out.
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4. COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN
4.1 SCENARIOS
Although the rainy season is over, the level of Lake Managua is still at a critical level. This generates
a series of challenges related to controlling potential sources of vectors caused by stagnant water.
Diarrhoeal diseases, leptospirosis and dengue are being monitored by the MoH, through medical
brigades and medical attention in the SILAIS.
Currently, most water supply systems in rural areas continue to be treated through chlorination, while
cleaning of wells has begun in some communities. However, in the most affected communities,
further action is required, in order to ensure safe water availability on a regular basis, to provide
sanitation facilities, and to spread hygiene promotion messages.
As for the loss of crops, small scale farmers hope to get the seeds to harvest in the next season and
succeed in restoring subsistence food chain. Food insecurity in rural areas for the upcoming months
will require food assistance interventions targeting primarily the most vulnerable groups, as well as the
small farmers with the delivery of certified seeds and agricultural inputs to ensure productive
reactivation. The bad condition of roads aggravates the delivery of aid, as well as the marketing of the
agricultural production.
Most likely scenario
Rain patterns will discontinue as the country is approaching the end of the rainy season
Diminished opportunities for income-generating activities for food-insecure families who have no
food reserves left.
Core elements Effects on humanitarian needs and aid operations
Slow rehabilitation / reconstruction of damaged houses and provision of alternative shelter.
Livelihoods of the most vulnerable people have been affected, which could worsen their food security.
Losses suffered by households on food stocks, property and income and the possibility of rising food insecurity in the coming months could lead to more malnutrition problems among children U5.
An important part of the safe water sources (wells) and sanitation facilities are likely to remain in bad condition.
Stagnant water bodies left after the flood are likely to persist.
Increase burden on already overspent government budget.
Increase in food insecurity.
Population at risk of disease outbreaks of vector transmission, such as dengue, malaria and at risk for outbreaks of Leptospirosis, a disease transmitted through water contaminated by urine and feces of livestock and infected rodents and other water-borne diseases.
Disruption in the ER process and critical services.
Most vulnerable IDPs households exposed to longer- than-necessary displacement and not able to return in safety and dignity to places of origin.
Loss of livestock and seeds could impair restarting agricultural production in the 2011/12 season and this may affect food security for the next agriculture season.
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4.2 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION
The Flash Appeal outlined strategic objectives agreed upon by the government, UN system and the
humanitarian network, from the onset of the emergency. The strategic objectives of this revised Flash
Appeal have only changed slightly. It should be noted that the objectives for food aid and agricultural
livelihoods have been united to one objective related to food security. Furthermore, one objective has
been added with regard to strengthening of coordination capacities (objective 6).
Key indicators Target Monitoring Method
1 Objective: to reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.
Number of women, men, girls and boys receiving emergency food rations as a percentage of planned figures.
100% Distribution lists of families receiving food assistance vs. planned figures
Quantity of food distributed, by type, as percentage of planned distribution.
100% Routine field monitoring of food distributed vs. planned figures
Number of assets created or restored by unit of measure.
At least 80%
Field verification of number of assets created or rehabilitated by type and unit of measure vs. planned figures
Key indicators Target Monitoring Method
2 Objective: prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.
Percentage of population in the targeted communities accessing safe water, with a minimum of 20 litres per person per day.
At least 50%
Initial assessment (base line) about no. of people accessing safe water, compared with final assessment.
Percentage of population in the targeted communities using safe and adequate sanitation and hygiene facilities, through culturally appropriate and gender sensitive interventions.
At least 30%
Initial assessment (base line) about no. of families using basic sanitation and hygiene facilities with specific considerations on safety and gender, compared with final assessment.
Percentage of population in the targeted communities receives hygiene promotion messages and adopting safe hygiene practices, especially hand washing with soap.
At least 50%
List of attendance of awareness group sessions; Awareness home visits forms signed; Evidence in MoH activities record system; Awareness material delivered to the communities population
3 Objective 1: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.
Number of women in ESs, victims of gender based violence, receiving medical and legal attention during the intervention.
At least 250 women
Record drugs delivered and people served in the medical and legal intervention; Follow-up reports
Number of institutional contingency plans that respond to the problem of gender based violence within one month.
At least three contingency plans within one month
Contingency Plan finalized; Follow up and monitoring reports for the preparation of contingency plans
Number of ESs in Managua organized and physically modified for the prevention, monitoring and reporting of cases of gender based violence within one month.
Six ESs
Shelter Situation Report; Interviews with affected people in shelter; Final report
Number of People have been trained in the management of shelters (10,300 people indirectly have benefited).
100 people Support list; Training Presentations; Training Report
Number of people that have been trained in Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies (MSEE), Chronic Crises and Early Reconstruction.
100 people Support list; Training Presentations; Training Report
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3 Objective 1: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.
Number of People have been trained in sphere project.
100 people Support list; Training Presentations; Training Report; Monitoring and follow up
Shelters rebuilt in coordination with SINAPRED and Ministry of the Family, Youth and Children (MIFAN).
At least ten shelters
Report of coordination meetings with partners; Visit Report
Number of shelters organizing psycho-social rehabilitation and educative activities for children.
At least six shelters
List of rehabilitated children, and school reinforcement activities; Materials distributed
Number of children under-six participating in spaces of “ Amor para los más Chiquitos” in shelters and communities affected.
At least 150 children
List of participants¸ Materials delivered to children
4 Objective: ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks.
Percentage of population affected in four prioritized SILAIS enjoys health and health education.
At least 80%
Records continued medical assistance (service output) by community, municipalities and SILAIS; Report of people who attend educational talks.
Percentage of population affected in four prioritized SILAIS enjoy safe water.
At least 80%
Reporting the results of el monitoring bacteriological and chemical physicist of water samples
Percentage of SILAIS prioritized as a result of the floods have capacity for providing access to health care, monitoring and responding to outbreaks.
100%
Number of health facilities providing health care. Epidemiological surveillance, endemic channel report. Number of dwellings sprayed. Report focus controls.
5 Objective: Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E
Number of people/families who improved their economic and social conditions as part of the emergency response.
610 families Support list
Number of municipalities, communities or neighbourhoods that improved their capacities related to the prevention, mitigation and attention to disasters.
2 municipalities Support list
At least 40% of people benefiting from the ER strategy are women.
At least 40% List of attendance of awareness group sessions
6 Objective: Strengthening the capacity of sector coordination, leadership and partnerships among humanitarian actors
Effective sector leadership by SINAPRED.
At least three coordination meetings between SINAPRED and each sector lead
Agendas, minutes of meetings, list of participants
The sector lead consolidates and coordinates effectively the sector response plan.
At least three meetings with implementing partners
Strategic cluster plan, agendas, minutes of meetings, list of participants
Participation and dialogue between humanitarian actors and Government.
At least three coordination meetings between SINAPRED and the humanitarian network
Agendas, minutes of meetings, list of participants
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4.3 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS
A. SELECTION
Based on the strategic objectives for humanitarian action agreed on by the humanitarian network,
comprising both the sector leaders, NGOs and the Government, the projects selected for this revised
appeal meet one or more of the following criteria related to relevance, impact and scope:
1. Projects relevant to save lives.
2. Projects that provide immediate alleviation of suffering of affected populations or ease the
transition from response to recovery phase, promoting the use of resources without duplicating
efforts among humanitarian actors.
3. Projects with an adequate scope, with relation to the timeline in which the proposed activities are
implemented and geographic coverage.
B. PRIORITIZATION
The response for the remaining five months of the Flash appeal until April 2012 focuses primarily on a
humanitarian aid dimension with the continuation of the relief efforts, but additionally and of equal
importance is the response in key ER activities. These activities are critical as they set the basis to
prevent unnecessary prolongation of humanitarian assistance, as well as laying out foundations for the
recovery of livelihoods and coping mechanisms of the affected people.
The projects presented in the revised Flash Appeal for Nicaragua, focus on the immediate provision of
vital services, such as access to safe water, livelihoods recovery, repair of damaged housing, food aid
and health, in the most affected areas in support of the Government's response. The initial response
focused on helping people and communities isolated by floods.
In order for the prioritization of projects be carried out objectively and framed to address sector gaps, a
humanitarian context analysis and an analysis of gaps related to humanitarian aid was performed.
Since the elaboration of the initial Flash Appeal, one month ago, the humanitarian context has
changed largely due to the effective response by the government, the discontinuation of the rain and
the return of many families to their homes.
It should be emphasized that although many families have returned to their homes, they still lack the
necessary conditions for decent living. Added to this, the damage to crops in the rural areas has had
a significant negative impact on food security and livelihoods. Another problem considered for
prioritization has been sanitation and water quality in the affected areas. Field assessments carried
out highlight the need to provide assistance in the WASH sector to ensure access to safe water.
Priority needs and sectors have been identified in consultation within the sectors and through a review
of available assessment data and the humanitarian response to date. Based on an updated
assessment of the situation, the humanitarian response for the next five months will be focused
accordingly to the following categorization:
A. Urgent needs: Life-saving interventions and urgent ER actions in the most affected areas
related to food insecurity exacerbated by the loss of crops or loss of livelihoods, access to
clean water and adequate sanitation.
B. Critical needs: ER and protection related actions that promote a safe and dignified life.
Projects related to the rehabilitation of housing, adequate health services, protection and
capacity-building activities in shelters.
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4.4 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN
Key indicators Cluster Corresponding cluster response plan objectives
1 Objective: to reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.
Number of women, men, girls and boys receiving emergency food rations as a percentage of planned figures
Food security
To reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E
Quantity of food distributed, by type, as percentage of planned distribution
Food security
To reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E
Number of assets created or restored by unit of measure
Food security
To reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E
2 Objective: prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.
Percentage of population in the targeted communities with improved access to safe water
WASH
Prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities
Percentage of population in the targeted communities with improved sanitation conditions
WASH
Prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities
Percentage of population in the targeted communities receiving hygiene promotion messages
WASH
Prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities
3 Objective: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.
Number of Women in ESs, victims of GBV, receiving medical and legal attention during the intervention
Shelter
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort
Number of institutional contingency plans that respond to the problem of GBV within one month.
Shelter
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort
Number of ESs in Managua organized and physically modified for the prevention, monitoring and reporting of cases of GBV within one month
Shelter
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort
Number of People have been trained in the management of shelters (10,300 people indirectly have benefited)
Shelter
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort
Number of people that have been trained in MSEE, Chronic Crises and Early Reconstruction.
Shelter
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort
Number of People that have been trained in sphere project
Shelter
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort
Shelters rebuilt in coordination with SINAPRED and MIFAN
Shelter
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort
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3 Objective: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.
Number of shelters organizing psycho-social rehabilitation and educative activities for children
Shelter
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort
Number of children under-six participating in spaces of “Amor para los más Chiquitos” in shelters and communities affected
Shelter
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort
4 Objective: ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks.
Percentage of population affected in four prioritized SILAIS, enjoys health and health education.
Health
Ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks
Percentage of population affected in four prioritized SILAIS, enjoy safe water
Health
Ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks
Percentage of SILAIS prioritized as a result of the floods have capacity for health care monitoring and adequate response to outbreaks
Health
Ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care access, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance response and control of outbreaks
5 Objective: improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E.
Number of people/families who improved their economic and social conditions as part of the emergency response.
ER
Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E
Number of municipalities, communities or neighbourhoods that improved their capacities related to the prevention, mitigation and attention to disasters.
ER
Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E
At least 40% of people benefiting from the ER strategy are women
ER
Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E
6 Objective: strengthening the capacity of sector coordination, leadership and partnerships among humanitarian actors.
Effective sector leadership by SINAPRED All All
The sector lead consolidates and coordinates effectively the sector response plan
All All
Participation and dialogue between humanitarian actors and government
All All
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4.5 CLUSTER/SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS
4.5.1. FOOD SECURITY
Summary of cluster response plan
Cluster lead agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME and FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Cluster member organizations
RE-TE, ACTED, Welthungerhilfe, CARE, WV
Number of projects 9
Cluster objectives To reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.
Number of beneficiaries Up to 100,000 people Funds required $10,530,473
Contact information [email protected] [email protected]
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries Category of affected
people Number of people in need Targeted beneficiaries
female male total female male total
Affected people 51,000 49,000 100,000 51,000 49,000 100,000
Needs analysis
EFSA results show that a total of 23 municipalities in nine departments of the country are affected; the
largest number of affected population is concentrated in the departments of Leon, Chinandega, Estelí
and Managua. The evaluation team found that 94 communities were isolated due to damage to
infrastructure and total isolated population is estimated at more than 50,000 people. By the end of
October, a total of 4,445 people were living in emergency evacuation shelters. Further, damage to
crops was significant; 20% of beans and 12% of maize crops were lost and yields will be reduced by
30%. Loss of beans ascended 60% and between 22 to 35% in Managua, León and Chinandega and
losses in some municipalities was even higher. The municipality of Achuapa in León suffered 100%
loss of its rice production.
Hunger gaps in the first half of 2012 will increase in the most affected areas due to the loss of crops,
poor access to the communities and few available coping strategies. Vegetable gardening and
preparation for the next sowing period must be prioritized, in addition to access to alternative sources
of income and food. Access to irrigation facilities, seeds and inputs is necessary to increase the
availability of vegetables in the first half of the coming year. Improved availability to quality beans,
corn seeds and root crops is required in order to prepare the next sowing period. Post-harvest
conservation methods and facilities must be improved in order to mitigate risks of additional crops
losses. Immediate access to income or food may be enhanced by food distribution or food and cash
for work activities. Small cattle production should be promoted as a source of food and income.
Information on the nutritional status of children U5 and other vulnerable groups, directly and indirectly
affected, must be improved through nutritional standardized monitoring and assessment of relief and
transitions (SMART) surveys and/or nutritional assessments, in coordination with Health Ministry,
UNICEF and WHO.
Proposed strategy
In order to improve food consumption and support the re-habilitation of livelihoods the humanitarian
actors in the food security sector will coordinate with local municipal authorities, SINAPRED and
COMUPRED. NGOs, WFP and FAO will work in a complimentary and coordinated manner in order to
prevent a duplication of interventions.
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Interventions will focus on:
Food assistance: general food distribution (GFD) activities will be implemented in areas directly
affected by floods and shelters for the first three months. To the extent possible, GFD will transition
into short term food-for-work/assets focusing on recovery activities, including clean-up activities and
restoration of livelihoods of the affected communities. Activities will help rehabilitate community
infrastructure and agricultural productive capacities. Further, children under-two will receive an
additional ration of fortified foods through supplementary feeding along with communication on Infant
and Young Child Feeding especially on breastfeeding and complementary feeding
ER: Activities will promote and support the re-habilitation and establishment of livelihoods in
communities that have suffered from high crop losses. Technical assistance and inputs will contribute
to recover food production, enhance seeds and food conservation capacities and re-store community
infrastructure. Preparation for the next harvest season will be prioritized.
Revised cluster objectives
Objective: to reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.
Outcomes Indicator Activities
Improved food consumption over assistance period for target emergency-affected households
Number of women, men, girls and boys receiving emergency food rations as a percentage of planned figures.
Quantity of food distributed, by type, as percentage of planned distribution
GFD, supplementary feeding and food-for-work
Improved household food security by strengthening the livelihoods of small scale farmers
Number of assets created or restored by unit of measure
Distribution of agricultural inputs and provision of technical assistance.
Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS
Managua Department PMA, FAO, RE-TE, WV
Chinandega Department PMA, FAO, DWWH-ACTED, CARE, WV
Leon Department PMA, FAO, DWWH-ACTED, CARE, WV
Madriz Department PMA, FAO
Nueva Segovia Department PMA, FAO
Matagalpa Department PMA, FAO, CARE, DWWH-ACTED, WV
Estelí Department PMA, FAO, CARE, DWWH-ACTED, WV
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4.5.2. WASH
Summary of cluster response plan Cluster lead agency UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND
Cluster member organizations
SC, WVI, NRC, BUSF (OXFAM and CARE with other sources funds)
Number of projects 4
Cluster objectives Prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.
Number of beneficiaries
At least 25,000 people, including:
12,000 children
7,000 women Funds required $850,000
Contact information [email protected]
Needs analysis
With the participation of SINAPRED and other governmental institutions and NGOs/INGOs, a joint
assessment was organized and carried out after the launch of the initial Flash Appeal. Updated
information about WASH affectations through several field visits and meetings with local authorities at
municipal level was collected. According to the figures obtained, a higher number of water and
sanitation facilities have been damaged compared with the initial data provided by the government; in
the most affected departments (Chinandega, Leon, Estelí and Managua) around 1,100 wells were
damaged, flooded or contaminated and around 10,800 latrines were damaged and/or flooded.
Due to the contamination of water sources and the lack of proper hygiene practices among the
population, a significant increase in the prevalence of diarrhoea and respiratory diseases has resulted.
Shelters have been deactivated in most communities and people went back to their homes.
The most relevant needs are, at community level; restore water services, treatment, storage and
distribution facilities; rehabilitation of sanitation facilities and solid waste disposals in public places;
implementing education and awareness raising activities about basic hygiene habits.
Proposed strategy
In order to ensure continues improvement of health condition, the proposed strategy consists of:
Sectoral coordination allows humanitarian WASH partners and stakeholders to ensure needs of
affected population on WASH are properly covered and remaining gaps are addressed.
Cleaning, disinfection and rehabilitation of water sources (wells) and basic rehabilitation of water
systems.
Provide means of purification, storage and handling of safe water, including instructions for proper
usage.
Rehabilitation/construction of adequate sanitation means for safe excreta disposal, including
hand- washing facilities, through culturally appropriate and gender sensitive interventions.
Promote actions and good practices for hygiene, and ensure population has access to necessary
means to practice them, with particular emphasis on soap.
Provision of WASH facilities and hygiene education in schools and other temporary learning
facilities.
Support solid waste disposals, at least in public places.
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Revised cluster objectives
Objective: prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.
Outcomes Indicator Activities
People affected by floods; accessing safe water, prioritizing the most vulnerable people (children, pregnant and breastfeeding women).
At least 50% of the population in the targeted communities improves their access to safe water in an adequate quantity (minimum 20 litres per person per day)
Cleaning, disinfection and rehabilitation of water sources (wells) and basic rehabilitation of water systems.
Provide means of purification, storage and handling of safe water, including instructions for proper usage.
Population living in the most affected communities; uses safe and appropriate sanitation and hygiene facilities and solid waste disposal.
At least 30% of the population in the targeted communities improves their sanitation conditions by accessing culturally appropriate and gender sensitive sanitation facilities. .
Rehabilitation/construction of adequate sanitation means for safe excreta disposal; support solid waste disposals, at least in public places.
Support solid waste disposals, at least in public places.
Affected communities and families receiving key hygiene messages (including hand washing, sanitation and water treatment and storage), as well as ensuring the access to appropriate means, aimed to adopt good practices and reduce high risk health hazards.
At least 50% of the population in the targeted communities receives hygiene promotion messages.
Hygiene promotion campaign in coordination with MoH, directed to promote actions and good practices.
Children at schools, temporary learning and other child friendly spaces have access to safe water, appropriate sanitation and hygiene education
100% of children having access to WASH in temporary schools and other child friendly spaces
Repair/rehabilitation of WASH services in schools and other child friendly spaces Hygiene education in schools.
Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS
Chinandega Department
Somotillo Municipality SC, BUSF (OXFAM with other source’s funds)
Villa Nueva Municipality SC, BUSF, NRC Leon Department El Sauce Municipality SC
El Jicaral Municipality SC, BUSF
Santa Rosa Peñon Municipality SC
Achuapa Municipality SC, WVI
Malpaisillo Municipality SC Estelí Department
Condega Municipality NRC Managua Department
Tipitapa Municipality NRC
El Crucero Municipality NRC
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4.5.3. HEALTH
Summary of cluster response plan
Cluster lead agency PAN AMARICAN HEATH ORGANIZATION – WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Cluster member organizations
PAHO - WHO
Number of projects 4
Cluster objectives
To keep functioning health services in shelters and communities affected by heavy rains and floods.
Improve access and use of safe drinking water with emphasis in shelters and health centres to reduce incidence of water-related diseases to levels below those initially found.
Contribute to the strengthening of local capacities for monitoring, early warning and response to outbreak control.
Number of beneficiaries 92,216 Funds required $785,760
Contact information Guillermo Guevara
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries Category of affected
people Number of people in need Targeted beneficiaries
female male total female male total
Affected people 68,268 65,590 133,858 47,016 45,200 92,216
Needs analysis
The health sector has identified needs with regard to primary health attention to the affected people
and control of outbreaks; efforts to ensure safe water for drinking and sanitation and hygiene, recovery
of infrastructure in health care facilities and drinking water systems. These priorities are
complementary to the need of ensuring adequate nutrition while the ER of agricultural activities are
carried out, Furthermore, comprehensive health attention should be guaranteed through the
mobilization of medical brigades to the affected areas to carry out promotion and prevention activities
in community health.
Populations affected by the floods are located in areas of high poverty, which increases the risk of
outbreak of disease. To ensure comprehensive care to the populations affected, response actions
should be cross-sector and inter-institutional, represented by the sectors of health, education,
environment, agriculture and the organized community.
The specific needs identified are:
Ensure the quality of water for human consumption as a consequence of the damage in many mini
aqueducts in rural communities of the affected SILAIS.
The containment of outbreaks of dengue since the conditions are conducive to the proliferation of
the vector is a challenge.
The mobilization of health personnel to provide health services in the communities.
Proposed strategy
Strategy to bring health services to the most vulnerable are through visits of the integrated health
brigades in communities, which provides medical care and training to villagers. The rapid response
brigades would be mobilized in case of outbreaks of disease. They will furthermore train villagers in
the use of chlorine to ensure safe water for human consumption.
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Revised sector objective
Objective: ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit
from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks.
Outcomes Indicator Activities
8,000 people receiving improved health care and education; health services guaranteed.
At least 80% of the population affected in four prioritized SILAIS enjoys health and health education.
Health brigades working in response to the population prioritized in the four SILAIS
With the brigades of health educating the population in hygiene and sanitation.
8,000 have water service, such as continuity, quantity and quality. 8,000 people make proper use of water service, such as efficiency and hygienic behaviour. Minor incidence of water-related diseases.
At least 80% of the population affected in four prioritized SILAIS enjoy safe water with a minimum quantity of 20 litres per person per day
Health workers in the centres and health posts deliver training in the proper use of chlorine to families affected in the four SILAIS
Health workers inform population of how to apply hygiene measures
Health personnel monitors water quality and supports people in the use of chlorine and the implementation of better hygiene practices
The SILAIS worst affected by the intense rains, have basic capability to respond to outbreak control and surveillance. 100% of SILAIS most affected by intense rains initiated alert and response actions for outbreak control in the first 48 hours.
100% of the SILAIS prioritized as a result of the floods have capacity for monitoring and responding to outbreaks
Organize community surveillance for the active pursuit of suspected cases and their referral to care centres
Mobilization of rapid response teams for outbreak control
Acquisition of equipment and supplies for entomological surveillance and vector control.
SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS
SILAIS León, 820 Km2 MoH
SILAIS Chinandega 686 Km2 MoH
SILAIS Estelí 2,229 Km2 MoH
SILAIS Managua 289 Km2 MoH
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4.5.4. SHELTER
Summary of cluster response plan Cluster lead agency INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
Cluster member organizations
UNFPA, UNICEF, WV, BUSF
Number of projects 4
Cluster objectives To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.
Number of beneficiaries 4,500 people (900 families) Funds required $767,037
Contact information [email protected]
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries Category of affected
people Number of people in need Targeted beneficiaries
female male total female male total
IDPs 3,500 1,000 4,500 3,500 1,000 4,500
Needs analysis
With the flooding, due to the rains of the Tropical Depression 12E, affected people have been
relocated to ESs as strengthening the shelters’ management abilities, including their capacity to
prevent GBV and protect children.
Based on current and past experiences in active shelters, the need to assure that conditions that
guarantee children’s and adolescents protection and psycho-social rehabilitation in a timely manner in
order to avoid situations that threatens their rights or have adverse impact in their mental and physical
health in the present and future have been identified. The risks of psycho-social stress, SGBV and
GBV, physical violence and abuse and separation of their families are latent.
GBV is a social problem that is aggravated during emergencies. The protection of women and
children during emergencies requires a holistic response against violence, including, the determination
of the zones and factors that facilitate GBV, the establishment of participative management systems
that guarantee the protection and increased access of victims of GBV to medical and psychological
attention.
Need to train community leaders, officers of MIFAN and Teachers in management of shelter in
emergencies and MSEE,
Proposed strategy
The number of active shelters has declined to 12 shelters with approximately 900 families. The cluster
will support families who are in shelters and families living in solidarity families in some departments.
Shelter sector has made few changes. The UNFPA project has not being changed. Bomberos
Unidos Sin Fronteras (Firemen without Borders/BUSF) cut cost and made changes to activities related
to training. IOM expanded its activities with child protection and included UNICEF as a counterpart.
WV has only made changes in its objectives that are related to protection of children. In conclusion,
the main objective of the sector is: Strengthening the shelters’ management abilities, including their
capacity to prevent GBV and protection of children.
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Revised cluster objectives
Objective: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.
Outcomes Indicator Activities
Nicaraguan authorities will gain a better understanding for the needs of IDPs during displacement.
The harmonization of conditions will improve the quality of the IDPs stay in the shelters.
Coordination mechanisms and shelter management strengthened at national and local levels.
Number of women in ESs, victims of GBV, receiving medical and legal attention during the intervention.
Number of institutional contingency plans that respond to the problem of GBV within one month.
Number of ESs in Managua organized and physically modified for the prevention, monitoring and reporting of cases of GBV within one month.
Number of people who have been trained in shelter management (10,300 people indirectly have benefited).
Number of people who have been trained in MSEE, Chronic Crises and Early Reconstruction.
Number of people who have been trained in sphere project.
Shelters rebuilt in coordination with SINAPRED and MIFAN.
Number of shelters organizing psycho-social rehabilitation and educative activities for children.
Number of children under-six participating in spaces of Amor para los más Chiquitos in shelters and communities affected.
In coordination with SINAPRED, Municipal Authorities, COMUPRED, UN partner agencies and NGOs, establish coverage for mainly affected areas, select priority locations and respond to primary needs.
Complete assessment of needs and beneficiaries in selected locations/areas including the analysis of situations and risks for GBV
Evaluate preliminary impact and further needs at the end of an initial three-month period.
Complete an architectural assessment of the shelters and establish a rebuilding and rehabilitation action plan.
Induction workshops in coordination with SINAPRED for shelter managers including training of Shelter Committees to establish participative management systems for the prevention, monitoring and reporting of cases of GBV.
Analysis of situations and risks for GBV in shelters and modification of the physical space of the shelters to reduce opportunities for violence.
Modification of the physical space of the shelters to reduce opportunities for violence.
Revision of contingency plans of participating institutions to assure fair and common standards of protection and assistance for victims of GBV.
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Outcomes Indicator Activities
Training promoters (provision educative materials), teachers and other communitarian leaders to provide protection, rehabilitation psycho-social and safe spaces for learning to children and adolescents.
Monitoring and evaluation.
Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS
Nueva Segovia BUSF
Madriz BUSF
Estelí BUSF
Chinandega IOM Leon WVI, BUSF
Managua IOM, UNFPA, WVI, BUSF
Masaya WVI
Jinotega BUSF
Matagalpa BUSF
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4.5.5. ER
Summary of cluster response plan Sector lead agency UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Sector member organizations
SINAPRED, Habitat for Humanity, German Agro-Action, WV and UN-HABITAT
Number of projects 3
Sector objectives Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E.
Number of beneficiaries
At least 3,445 people, including:
1,722 children
800 women Funds required $1,907,584
Contact information [email protected]
Needs analysis
SINAPRED and other governmental institutions and NGO/INGOs organized and carried out a joint
assessment after the launch of the initial Flash Appeal. According to official figures 133,858 people
were affected nationwide. 10,812 were the total number of houses affected by the Tropical
Depression 12E (12,275 families). Some 8,924 homes are flooded, 318 in high-risk sites, 335
completely destroyed and 1,235 partially destroyed.
The most relevant needs are, at community level: as urgent need to recover their capacities to
effectively mitigate the negative impact of said disaster is required; rehabilitation, repair and/or rebuild,
houses; implementing education and awareness raising activities about response to natural disasters
more effectively.
Proposed strategy
In order to improve living condition, the proposed strategy consists of:
Promote emergency cash and food for work programme (and social services). Work will
include repair and rehabilitation of water systems, roads, schools, health centres and
household considering.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and provision of materials and tools for infrastructure
rehabilitation.
Strengthened capacities of local authorities and people to respond to natural disasters more
effectively.
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Revised Sector objectives
Objective: improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E.
Outcomes Indicator Activities
1. Contribute to generate incomes, under Cash for Work mechanisms, during the housing rehabilitation and construction process and the cleaning and repair of public infrastructure.
At the end of the programme, 1,700 men and women have benefited from the Cash for Work scheme.
610 (Estelí and Chinandega) families who have suffered damage to their houses benefit from improvement project and housing construction.
Establish coordination and delimit functions between the different strategic partners.
Select beneficiaries and elaborate the work distribution plan under the Cash for Work scheme
Support the debris removal process, cleaning and waste disposal, rehabilitation and reconstructions of public infrastructure through Cash for Work scheme.
Train at least two people per family in housing self-construction techniques; actions will be coordinated with the Instituto Nacional Tecnológico (National Technological Institute/INATEC) in order to facilitate instructors and training materials.
Provide tool kits, relief and livelihood materials to facilitate the economic reactivation process.
Improve the infrastructure of 415 houses (478 families).
Build 115 new houses (132 families).
2. Strengthened capacities of local authorities and people to respond to natural disasters more effectively.
Number of sites identified as safe for the establishment of sustainable human settlements.
Number of local authorities and committees involved in prevention, mitigation and attention to disasters. At least 15 developed workshops.
Develop analysis of sites in order to select safe settlement locations, in coordination with SINAPRED, Institute for Urban and Rural Housing (INVUR), municipalities and affected local communities.
Provide risk management workshops and strengthen the committees of the districts for the prevention, mitigation and attention to disasters.
Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS Chinandega Dept. Estelí Dept.
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4.6 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The national response is led by the SINAPRED in close collaborates with its stakeholders. The
system articulates that during emergencies the State Sectors and Institutions, with the support of the
Operation Department in charge of the Emergency Operation Center are active. At sub-national level,
there are COMUPRED Commissions in all departments, and most of the municipalities.
From the Government side, the response is organized in Sector working Commissions:
Sector Work Commission Government Leaders
Supplies Commission Ministry of Family (MIFAM)
Health Commission Sub Commission of water and sanitation
Ministry of Health (MoH) Nicaraguan Aqueduct and Sewers Company (ENACAL)
Special Operations Commission Nicaragua Army (Civil Defense)
Security Commission Ministry of Government
Infrastructure Commission Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MTI)
Education and Information Commission Ministry of Education and Culture
Natural Phenomena Commission Nicaraguan Institute for Territorial studies (INETER)
Environment Commission Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA)
Consumer Protection Commission Ministry of Finance, Industry and Commerce (MIFIC)
This arrangement partially overlaps with the clusters promoted by the Humanitarian Country Team
(HCT) lead by the UN and described below, which will be in charge of the proposed strategy. The
activated cluster commissions are:
Cluster Cluster lead Relevant governmental
institution
Other humanitarian stakeholders
Food Security FAO Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
ACTED, ACH, Lutheran Federation, and Welthungerhilfe.
Food Assistance
WFP SINAPRED
Collective Centres/ES
IOM MIFAM WV, ADRA, NRC, SC
Health WHO/PAHO MoH WV, RE-TE, NRC WASH UNICEF ENACAL CARE, NRC, ACH, ASB, WV,
Christian Aid, SC, Lutheran Federation, ACTED.
Housing UNDP INVUR SC, CARE, WV, Intervida
Clusters are designed to support the National System, particularly in coordinating the international
humanitarian partners’ response. Upon declaration of an emergency, most humanitarian partners
gather as a Humanitarian Network, as a first step in coordinating their response in line with the
strategic national orientation. It is the main forum for strategic and policy discussions amongst
international actors on how to support and complement the Government’s efforts to respond to the
emergency. An interagency technical group coordinated by the UN Emergency Technical Team is
also gathering sector information. An inter-agency assessment is running with participation of national
authorities and WFP and FAO.
HCT ensures that cross-cutting issues are fully incorporated into its strategic response planning and
activities. All national technical sector commissions have met and discussed priorities with
humanitarian partners in order to elaborate funding proposal and operational response.
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ANNEX I. LIST OF PROJECTS
Nicaragua Flash Appeal (October 2011 - April 2012) as of 13 December 2011
http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.
Project code Title Appealing agency
Original requirements
($)
Revised requirements
($)
Funding
($)
Unmet requirements
($)
% Covered
COLLECTIVE CENTRES/EMERGENCY SHELTER
NIC-11/S-NF/47104/R/1171 Prevention and Attention for Gender Based Violence in the Emergency Shelters of Managua, and affected communities
UNFPA 195,131 195,131 60,000 135,131 31%
NIC-11/S-NF/47106/R/8502 Support to IDPs to go back home WVI 80,000 80,000 - 80,000 0%
NIC-11/S-NF/47107/R/298 Support for Collective shelter and NFIs IOM 420,525 420,525 179,386 241,139 43%
NIC-11/S-NF/47108/R/15065 Management Shelter BUSF 101,850 71,381 - 71,381 0%
Sub total for COLLECTIVE CENTRES/EMERGENCY SHELTER 797,506 767,037 239,386 527,651 31%
EARLY RECOVERY
NIC-11/ER/47109/R/776 Generation of employment, rehabilitation and construction of housing
UNDP 1,350,000 1,900,000 229,438 1,670,562 12%
NIC-11/S/49055/R/5139 Security Support, Security Risk Assessment in each Field Environment of the CAP Projects.
UNDSS - 7,584 - 7,584 0%
Sub total for EARLY RECOVERY 1,350,000 1,907,584 229,438 1,678,146 12%
FOOD SECURITY
NIC-11/A/47096/R/123
Immediate assistance to prevent food losses, re-establish food production and the livelihoods of the vulnerable farmers affected by Tropical Depression 12E in 26 municipalities of 7 departments in Nicaragua
FAO 1,700,000 1,700,363 370,862 1,329,501 22%
NIC-11/A/48936/R/15327 Re-establish food production and livelihoods of the vulnerable farmers affected by Tropical Depression 12E in the the municipality of San Francisco Libre
RE.TE. - 76,796 - 76,796 0%
NIC-11/A/48942/R/5006
Recovering of food production systems through crop and vegetable production, irrigation systems, post-harvest facilities and immediate access to food in four municipalities of León and Estelí departments in Nicaragua.
DWHH - 571,217 - 571,217 0%
NIC-11/A/48943/R/8502 Rehabilitation of family plots where basic grains and vegetables are cultivated.
WVI - 419,440 - 419,440 0%
NIC-11/A/48944/R/5645 Early rehabilitation of livelihoods of families living in communities affected by the effects of Tropical Depression 12-E
CARE International
- 320,000 - 320,000 0%
NIC-11/A/48947/R/8502 Implementation of irrigation systems for 392 families WVI - 125,832 - 125,832 0%
NIC-11/F/47095/R/561 Emergency food assistance to families affected by Tropical Depression 12E
WFP 8,906,470 6,781,966 2,624,698 4,157,268 39%
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Project code Title Appealing agency
Original requirements
($)
Revised requirements
($)
Funding
($)
Unmet requirements
($)
% Covered
NIC-11/H/48945/R/8502 Nutritional diagnosis in children under 5 years old living in 13 municipalities affected by intensive rains.
WVI - 70,616 - 70,616 0%
NIC-11/H/48946/R/8502 4 months of food-for-work activities carried out by parents of children suffering from moderate and severe malnutrition
WVI - 464,243 - 464,243 0%
Sub total for FOOD SECURITY 10,606,470 10,530,473 2,995,560 7,534,913 28%
HEALTH
NIC-11/H/47100/5497 Re-establishing health services in community and shelters PAHO (WHO) 300,000 300,000 72,024 227,976 24%
NIC-11/H/47101/5497 Disinfection and drinking water surveillance in shelters and health centres
PAHO (WHO) 96,271 96,271 74,806 21,465 78%
NIC-11/H/47102/5497 Disease surveillance and vector control activities PAHO (WHO) 328,499 328,499 115,307 213,192 35%
NIC-11/H/47103/R/124 Avoid acute malnutrition in children, pregnant and breastfeeding women in affected communities
UNICEF 60,990 60,990 60,968 22 100%
Sub total for HEALTH 785,760 785,760 323,105 462,655 41%
WASH
NIC-11/WS/47097/R/124 Cleaning and rehabilitation of water sources, provision of safe and gender-appropriate sanitation facilities and solid waste disposals in affected communities.
UNICEF 300,000 300,000 197,800 102,200 66%
NIC-11/WS/47098/R/8502 Provide safe water storage and sanitation facilitues to affected communities and promotion of critical hygiene information.
WVI 200,000 200,000 - 200,000 0%
NIC-11/WS/47099/R/6079 Access to safe and quality water and sanitation facilities in affected schools and communities
SC 250,000 250,000 221,106 28,894 88%
NIC-11/WS/48909/R/8502 Cleaning and rehabilitation of water sources, provision of sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion to families in affected communities.
WVI - 100,000 - 100,000 0%
Sub total for WASH 750,000 850,000 418,906 431,094 49%
Grand Total 14,289,736 14,840,854 4,206,395 10,634,459 28%
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.)
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 December 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
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TABLE IV: TOTAL FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS LISTED IN THE APPEAL
Nicaragua Flash Appeal (October 2011 - April 2012) as of 13 December 2011
http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.
Donor Funding % of Grand Total
Uncommitted pledges
($) ($)
Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 2,030,597 48% -
Brazil 606,959 14% -
Australia 451,671 11% -
Spain 368,606 9% -
Allocation of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 251,256 6% -
Canada 221,106 5% -
Italy 129,224 3% -
Luxembourg 123,305 3% -
Chile 22,500 1% -
Nicaragua 1,171 0% -
Grand Total 4,206,395 100% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.)
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 December 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
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TABLE V: TOTAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR (APPEAL PLUS OTHER)*
Central America Floods – October 2011 ** as of 13 December 2011
http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.
Donor Funding** % of Grand Total
Uncommitted pledges
($) ($)
Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 6,811,413 27% -
European Commission 5,657,708 22% -
Spain 2,527,827 10% -
Canada 1,760,419 7% -
Brazil 1,300,555 5% -
United States 1,095,034 4% -
Private (individuals & organisations) 950,000 4% -
Australia 903,342 4% -
Allocation of funds from Red Cross / Red Crescent 710,631 3% -
Luxembourg 654,014 3% -
Finland 565,771 2% -
Korea, Republic of 500,000 2% -
Japan 468,831 2% -
Italy 360,117 1% -
Allocation of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 251,256 1% -
Allocation of unearmarked funds by IGOs 200,000 1% -
France 145,219 1% -
Sweden 138,365 1% -
Germany 122,783 0% -
Argentina 28,938 0% -
Chile 22,500 0% -
Nicaragua 1,171 0% -
Cuba - 0% -
Ecuador - 0% -
Iran, Islamic Republic of - 0% -
Mexico - 0% -
Russian Federation - 0% -
Venezuela - 0% -
Grand Total 25,175,894 100% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Zeros in both the funding and uncommitted pledges columns indicate that no value has been reported for in-kind contributions.
Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.)
* Includes contributions to the Consolidated Appeal and additional contributions outside of the Consolidated Appeal Process
(bilateral, Red Cross, etc.) ** This table includes: 1) regional funding for this disaster, 2) specific contributions for Honduras and Costa Rica, and 3) contributions
both inside and outside the framework of the Flash Appeals for Nicaragua and El Salvador.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 December 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
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TABLE VI: HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS NOT LISTED IN THE APPEAL
Other Humanitarian Funding to Central America Floods – October 2011 * as of 13 December 2011
http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.
Donor Funding % of Grand Total
Uncommitted pledges
($) ($)
European Commission 5,657,708 35% -
Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 2,587,414 16% -
Spain 1,695,117 11% -
Canada 1,152,788 7% -
United States 1,095,034 7% -
Private (individuals & organisations) 950,000 6% -
Allocation of funds from Red Cross / Red Crescent 710,631 4% -
Korea, Republic of 500,000 3% -
Japan 468,831 3% -
Luxembourg 456,726 3% -
Allocation of unearmarked funds by IGOs 200,000 1% -
France 145,219 1% -
Sweden 138,365 1% -
Italy 136,426 1% -
Germany 122,783 1% -
Brazil 50,000 0% -
Argentina 28,938 0% -
Cuba - 0% -
Ecuador - 0% -
Iran, Islamic Republic of - 0% -
Mexico - 0% -
Russian Federation - 0% -
Venezuela - 0% -
Grand Total 16,095,980 100% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
This table also includes funding to Appeal projects but in surplus to these projects' requirements as stated in the Appeal. Zeros in both the funding and uncommitted pledges columns indicate that no value has been reported for in-kind contributions.
Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.)
* This table includes: 1) regional funding for this disaster, 2) specific contributions for Honduras and Costa Rica, and 3) contributions for Nicaragua and El Salvador outside the framework of the Flash Appeals
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 December 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
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ANNEX II. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ACH Accion Contre el Hambre (Action Against Hunger)
ACTED Agence d'Aide à la Coopération Technique Et au Développement (Agency for
Technical Cooperation and Development
ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency
ARI acute respiratory infection ASB Arbeiter Samariter Bund (German Medical Aid Organisation) BUSF Bomberos Unidos Sin Fronteras (Firemen without Borders) CAP Consolidated Appeal Process CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
CERF Central Emergency Response Fund
CHAP common humanitarian action plan
COMUPRED Comité Municipal para la Prevención, Mitigación y Atención de Desastres (Municipal Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation)
DRR Disaster risk reduction
ECG emergency cash grant
ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Office EFSA emergency food security assessment
ENACAL Nicaraguan Aqueduct and Sewers Company
ER early recovery
ESs emergency shelter
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FTS Financial Tracking Service
GBV gender-based violence
GFD General Food Distribution
HC Humanitarian Coordinator
HEMCO Hemco is company dedicated to mining exploration and exploitation
IDP internally displaced persons
INETER National Institute for Territorial Studies
INGO international non-governmental organizations
INVUR Institute for Urban and Rural Housing
IOM International Organization for Migration
INATEC Instituto Nacional Tecnológico (National Technological Institute)
MAGFOR Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
MARENA Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources
MIFAM Ministry of the Family
MIFAN Ministry of the Family, Youth and Children
MIFIC Ministry of Finance, Industry and Commerce
MoH Ministry of Health
MSEE Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies
MT metric ton
MTI Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
NFI non-food item
NGO non-governmental organization
NRCS Nicaraguan Red Cross Society
OXFAM Oxford Committee for Famine Relief
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PAHO Pan-American Health Organization
RE-TE Associazione di tecnici per la solidarietà e la cooperazione internazionale
SC Save the Children
SILAIS Sistemas Locales de Atención Integral de Salud (Local Systems for
Comprehensive Healthcare)
SINAPRED National System for Attention, Mitigation and Prevention of Disasters SMART standardized monitoring and assessment of relief and transitions
U5 under-five
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
UNS United Nations System WASH water, sanitation and hygiene
WFP World Food Programme
WHO World Health Organization
WV World Vision
WVI World Vision International
Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP)
The CAP is a tool for aid organizations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their
response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively.
It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close
cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM),
and United Nations agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans,
and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:
Strategic planning leading to a common humanitarian action plan (CHAP).
Resource mobilization leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal.
Coordinated programme implementation.
Joint monitoring and evaluation.
Revision, if necessary.
Reporting on results.
The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or
region, including the following elements:
A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place.
An assessment of needs.
Best, worst, and most likely scenarios.
A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals.
Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs.
A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary.
The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters
strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC), and in
consultation with host Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the
HCT. This team includes Inter-Agency Standing C
ommittee (IASC) members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International Organization for
Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to
International Council of Voluntary Agencies, Interaction, or Steering Committee for Humanitarian
Response, but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included.
The HC is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The
document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource
mobilization. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July.
Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals.
The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the UN Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor
contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts.
In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available
protection and assistance, on time.
OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)
UNITED NATIONS PALAIS DES NATIONS
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 1211 GENEVA 10 USA SWITZERLAND