Forensic Biology Forensic Biology (Serology)(Serology)
FRSC 2001FRSC 2001Professor BensleyProfessor Bensley
Alfred State CollegeAlfred State College
Forensic Biology (Serology)Forensic Biology (Serology) What is Serology?What is Serology? Blood is composed of?Blood is composed of?
Formed elementsFormed elements FluidsFluids
Collection of Physical Evidence-BloodCollection of Physical Evidence-Blood Submit the Entire Stained Item if Submit the Entire Stained Item if
Possible!Possible! NEVER use plastic bags NEVER use plastic bags for for
packagingpackaging Allow item to air dry then package in Allow item to air dry then package in
paper, seal and labelpaper, seal and label Handle evidence carefully to prevent Handle evidence carefully to prevent
loss of trace evidenceloss of trace evidence
Bloodstain CharacterizationBloodstain Characterization Is it blood?Is it blood? From what From what
species did the species did the blood originate?blood originate?
If the blood is of If the blood is of human origin, human origin, how closely can it how closely can it be associated be associated with a particular with a particular individual?individual?
Is it Blood? Presumptive TestsIs it Blood? Presumptive Tests
Kastle-Meyer Color TestKastle-Meyer Color Test Uses chemical Uses chemical phenolphthaleinphenolphthalein
Is it Blood? Presumptive TestsIs it Blood? Presumptive Tests LuminolLuminol
Is it Human Blood?Is it Human Blood?
Antigen/antibody Antigen/antibody reaction reaction
Uses anti-seraUses anti-sera Ring Precipitin testRing Precipitin test Ouchterlony Double Ouchterlony Double
Diffusion TestDiffusion Test
Can I Individuate the Blood?Can I Individuate the Blood? ABO Blood TypingABO Blood Typing
Used almost exclusively until early 1990sUsed almost exclusively until early 1990s
Enzyme TypingEnzyme Typing
Other Body FluidsOther Body Fluids What is a Secretor?What is a Secretor? Seminal FluidSeminal Fluid
Cellular component = Cellular component = spermatozoaspermatozoa
Fluid component = seminal Fluid component = seminal plasmaplasma
Acid phosphatase = enzyme Acid phosphatase = enzyme from the prostate glandfrom the prostate gland
p30 (PSA) = prostate-p30 (PSA) = prostate-specific antigenspecific antigen
Other Body Fluids/TissuesOther Body Fluids/Tissues Saliva – test for amylaseSaliva – test for amylase Vaginal secretionsVaginal secretions Feces – urobilinogen (bile pigment)Feces – urobilinogen (bile pigment) Urine – test for ureaUrine – test for urea Hair – screening test looking for Hair – screening test looking for
presence of epithelial cells on rootpresence of epithelial cells on root
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