Student blankEXPERIMENTAL DATAGap meterGravimetricVenturiEnlargementOrificeBendreadingmt1t2t3h1h2h1h2h1h2h1h2unitskgsssmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm48121620Students to adjust the flowrate so that the gap meter measures 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 units, determing the gravimetric volume flow-rate and recording the upstream and downstream pressures for the Venturi, enlargement, orifice and bend each time.

1. GRAVIMETRICGap meterGravimetricreadingQgaptaverageQHBQgap from calibration curveunitsl / ssl / s4QHB = (m / r) / taverage812m = mass (kg), r = density (kg / m3), taverage = (t1 + t2 + t3) / 3 (s)1620Students to plot QHB (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) should be 1.0 if the gap meter is calibrated correctly

2. VENTURIGap meterVenturireadingQgaph1h2QTQgap from calibration curveunitsl / smmmml / s4QT = A1 (2 g (h1 - h2) / [(D1 / D2)4 - 1])0.5812A1 = p D12 / 4; D1 = 0.026 m; D2 = 0.016 m, 1620Students to plot QT (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) is the discharge coefficient (assuming Qgap = QA)

3. SUDDEN ENLARGEMENTGap meterSudden EnlargementreadingQgaph1h2V12 / 2 gV22 / 2 gLossesVn = Q / An; An = p Dn2 / 4unitsl / smmmmmmmmmm4D1 = 0.026 m, D2 = 0.051m812Losses = (h1 + V12/2g)-(h2+V22/2g)1620Students to demonstrate that losses (y-axis) are proportional to V12 / 2g (x-axis)

4. ORIFICEGap meterOrificereadingQgaph1h2QTQgap from calibration curveunitsl / smmmml / s4QT = A1 (2 g (h1 - h2) / [(D1 / D2)4 - 1])0.5812A1 = p D12 / 4; D1 = 0.051 m; D2 = 0.020 m, 1620Students to plot QT (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) is the discharge coefficient (assuming Qgap = QA)

5. BENDGap meterBendreadingQgaph1h2V12 / 2 gV22 / 2 gLossesVn = Q / An; An = p Dn2 / 4unitsl / smmmmmmmmmm4D1 = 0.051 m, D2 = 0.040m812Losses = (h1 + V12/2g)-(h2+V22/2g)1620Students to demonstrate that losses (y-axis) are proportional to V22 / 2g (x-axis)

MEASURING FLOW

Dr J D Millington, UWEOctober 2014

ResultsEXPERIMENTAL DATAGap meterGravimetricVenturiEnlargementOrificeBendreadingmt1t2t3h1h2h1h2h1h2h1h2unitskgsssmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm4654.852.354.42952762942962922722752718633.332.732.430025629529829624525424412623.123.123.131422830330931020822620516617.917.717.733619131832733115618715220614.214.414.73691493363503639414288Students to adjust the flowrate so that the gap meter measures 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 units, determing the gravimetric volume flow-rate and recording the upstream and downstream pressures for the Venturi, enlargement, orifice and bend each time.

1. GRAVIMETRICGap meterGravimetricreadingQgaptaverageQHBQgap from calibration curveQHBQgapunitsl / ssl / s0040.12153.80.111QHB = (m / r) / taverage0.1110.12180.19632.80.1830.1830.196120.26923.10.260m = mass (kg), r = density (kg / m3), taverage = (t1 + t2 + t3) / 3 (s)0.2600.269160.35417.80.3380.3380.354200.43514.40.4160.4160.435Students to plot QHB (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) should be 1.0 if the gap meter is calibrated correctly

2. VENTURIGap meterVenturireadingQgaph1h2QTQgap from calibration curveQTQgapunitsl / smmmml / s0040.1212952760.133QT = A1 (2 g (h1 - h2) / [(D1 / D2)4 - 1])0.50.1330.12180.1963002560.2020.2020.196120.2693142280.282A1 = p D12 / 4; D1 = 0.026 m; D2 = 0.016 m, 0.2820.269160.3543361910.3660.3660.354200.4353691490.4510.4510.435Students to plot QT (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) is the discharge coefficient (assuming Qgap = QA)

3. SUDDEN ENLARGEMENTGap meterSudden EnlargementreadingQgaph1h2V12 / 2 gV22 / 2 gLossesVn = Q / An; An = p Dn2 / 4V12 / 2 glossesunitsl / smmmmmmmmmm0040.1212942962.6470.1790.468D1 = 0.026 m, D2 = 0.051m2.6470.46880.1962952986.9460.4693.4776.9463.477120.26930330913.0840.8846.200Losses = (h1 + V12/2g)-(h2+V22/2g)13.0846.200160.35431832722.6591.53112.12822.65912.128200.43533635034.2142.31117.90334.21417.903Students to demonstrate that losses (y-axis) are proportional to V12 / 2g (x-axis)

4. ORIFICEGap meterOrificereadingQgaph1h2QTQgap from calibration curveQTQgapunitsl / smmmml / s0040.1212922720.199QT = A1 (2 g (h1 - h2) / [(D1 / D2)4 - 1])0.50.1990.12180.1962962450.3180.3180.196120.2693102080.450A1 = p D12 / 4; D1 = 0.051 m; D2 = 0.020 m, 0.4500.269160.3543311560.5890.5890.354200.435363940.7300.7300.435Students to plot QT (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) is the discharge coefficient (assuming Qgap = QA)

5. BENDGap meterBendreadingQgaph1h2V12 / 2 gV22 / 2 gLossesVn = Q / An; An = p Dn2 / 4V22 / 2 glossesunitsl / smmmmmmmmmm0040.1212752710.1790.4733.706D1 = 0.051 m, D2 = 0.040m0.4733.70680.1962542440.4691.2409.2291.2409.229120.2692262050.8842.33619.548Losses = (h1 + V12/2g)-(h2+V22/2g)2.33619.548160.3541871521.5314.04532.4864.04532.486200.435142882.3116.10750.2046.10750.204Students to demonstrate that losses (y-axis) are proportional to V22 / 2g (x-axis)

MEASURING FLOW

Dr J D Millington, UWEOctober 2014

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