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1) Accuse verb
/ kju z/ [T]
to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal or unkind
"It wasn't my fault." "Don't worry, I'm not accusing you."
He's been accused of robbery/murder.
Are you accusing me of lying?
The surgeon was accused of negligence.
stand accused of sth formal
If you stand accused of doing something wrong, people say that you have done it
The government stands accused of eroding freedom of speech.
accuser noun
/ kju .z r /
2. bribe
verb
/bra b/ [T]
Definition
to try to make someone do something for you by giving them money, presents or something
else that they want
He bribed immigration officials and entered the country illegally.
[+ to infinitive] They bribed the waiter to find them a better table.
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1) Accuse verb
/ kju z/ [T]
accuser noun
/ kju .z r /
/-z / [C]
to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal or unkind
"It wasn't my fault." "Don't worry, I'm not accusing you."
3.clarify
verb (
EXPLAIN )
/ klr. .fa /
/ kler-/ [T]
Definition
to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler
explanation
Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely.
The position of all shareholders will be clarified next month when we finalize our proposals.
. 4. dehydrate
verb
/ di .ha dre t/ [I or T]
Definition
to (cause to) lose water
Air travel dehydrates the body.
You'll dehydrate (= lose water from your body) very quickly in this heat, if you don't drink lots of
water.
dehydration noun
/ di .ha dre . n/ [U]
More than 11,000 children die every day around the world because of dehydration caused by
diarrhoea.
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He's been accused of robbery/murder.
Are you accusing me of lying?
The surgeon was accused of negligence.
stand accused of sth formal
If you stand accused of doing something wrong, people say that you have done it
The government stands accused of eroding freedom of speech.
2. bribe
verb
/bra b/ [T]
Definition
to try to make someone do something for you by giving them money, presents or something
else that they want
He bribed immigration officials and entered the country illegally.
[+ to infinitive] They bribed the waiter to find them a better table.
3. clarify
verb (
EXPLAIN )
/ klr. .fa /
/ kler-/ [T]
5.elucidate
verb
/ lu .s .de t/ [I or T] formal
Definition
to explain or make clear
I don't understand. You'll have to elucidate.
The reasons for the change in weather conditions have been elucidated by several scientists.
elucidation noun
/ lu .s de . n/ [U]
These figures need elucidation.
6. flourish
verb (
SUCCEED )
/ fl r. /
/ fl -/
Definition
[I] to grow or develop successfully
My tomatoes are flourishing this summer - it must be the warm weather.
Watercolour painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750.
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Definition
to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation
Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely.
The position of all shareholders will be clarified next month when we finalize our proposals.
4. dehydrate
verb
/ di .ha dre t/ [I or T]
Definition
7. gauge
verb (
MEASURE ) (US also gage)
/ge d / [T]
Definition
to calculate an amount, especially by using a measuring device
Use a thermometer to gauge the temperature.
I tried to gauge (= guess) the weight of the box.
8. hospitalize
verb (UK usually hospitalise)
/ h s.p .t l.a z/
/ h .sp .tl-/
[T often passive]
Definition
to take someone to hospital and keep them there for treatment
His wife's been hospitalized for depression.
hospitalization noun UK usually hospitalisation
/ h s.p .t l.a ze . n/
/h .sp.t l-/ [U]
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9. impoverished
adjective
/ m p v. r. t/
/- p .v -/ formal
Definition
very poor
She's going out with an impoverished young actor.
made weaker or worse in quality
He warned that the breakdown of the family unit would lead to an impoverished society.
impoverish verb
/ m p v. r. /
/- p .v -/ [T]
Excessive farming had impoverished the soil.
The new law is likely to further impoverish single parents.
impoverishment noun
/ m p v. r. .m nt/
/- p .v -/ [U] formal
cultural/economic/spiritual impoverishment
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10. juxtapose
verb
/d k.st pz/
/- po z/ [T]
Definition
to put things which are not similar next to each other
The exhibition juxtaposes Picasso's early drawings with some of his later works.
juxtaposition noun
/ d k.st .p z . n/ [U]
the juxtaposition of two very different cultures
11. knit
verb (
MAKE CLOTHES )
/n t/
Definition
[I or T] (knitting, knitted or knit, knitted or knit) to make clothes, etc. by using two long needles
to connect wool or another type of thread into joined rows
She's forever knitting.
She's busy knitting baby clothes.
[+ two objects] My granny knitted me some gloves/knitted some gloves for me.
See also: knitwear
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12. lull
verb
/l l/ [T]
Definition
to cause someone to feel calm or to feel as if they want to sleep
The motion of the car almost lulled her to sleep.
13. mock
verb
/m k/
/m k/ [T]
Definition
slightly formal to laugh at someone, often by copying them in a funny but unkind way
They were mocking him because he kept falling off his bike.
She made fun of him by mocking his limp.
to make something appear stupid or not effective
The wind mocked their attempts to reach the shore by pushing the boat further and further out
to sea.
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14 nullify
verb
/ n l. .fa / [T]
Definition
formal to make a legal agreement or decision have no legal force
The state death penalty law was nullified in 1977.
to cause something to have no value or effect
All my hard work was nullified when I lost my notes.
15. oblige
verb (
FORCE )
/ bla d /
Definition
[T + object + to infinitive] (mainly US or formal obligate) to force someone to do something, orto make it necessary for someone to do something
The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees.
Sellers are not legally obliged to accept the highest offer.
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16. paraphrase
verb
/ pr. .fre z/
/ per-/ [I or T]
Definition
to repeat something written or spoken using different words, often in a humorous form or in a
simpler and shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer
paraphrase noun [C]
She gave us a quick paraphrase of what had been said.
17. 17. qualify
verb (
FINISH TRAINING )
/ kw l. .fa /
/ kw .l -/
Definition
[I or T] to successfully finish a training course so that you are able to do a job; to have or
achieve the necessary skills, etc
She hopes to qualify (as a lawyer) at the end of the year.
[+ object + to infinitive] This course qualifies you to teach in any secondary school.
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to cause something to have no value or effect
All my hard work was nullified when I lost my notes.
to (cause to) lose water
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Air travel dehydrates the body.
You'll dehydrate (= lose water from your body) very quickly in this heat, if you don't drink lots of
water.
dehydration noun
/ di .ha dre . n/ [U]
More than 11,000 children die every day around the world because of dehydration caused by
diarrhoea.
5.elucidate
verb
/ lu .s .de t/ [I or T] formal
Definition
to explain or make clear
I don't understand. You'll have to elucidate.
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The reasons for the change in weather conditions have been elucidated by several scientists.
elucidation noun
/ lu .s de . n/ [U]
These figures need elucidation.
6. flourish
verb (
SUCCEED )
/ fl r. /
/ fl -/
Definition
[I] to grow or develop successfully
My tomatoes are flourishing this summer - it must be the warm weather.
Watercolour painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750.
7. gauge
verb (
MEASURE ) (US also gage)
/ge d / [T]
Definition
to calculate an amount, especially by using a measuring device
Use a thermometer to gauge the temperature.
I tried to gauge (= guess) the weight of the box.
8. hospitalize
verb (UK usually hospitalise)
/ h s.p .t l.a z/
/ h .sp .tl-/
[T often passive]
Definition
to take someone to hospital and keep them there for treatment
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His wife's been hospitalized for depression.
hospitalization noun UK usually hospitalisation
/ h s.p .t l.a ze . n/
/h .sp.t l-/ [U]
9. impoverished
adjective
/ m p v. r. t/
/- p .v -/ formal
Definition
very poor
She's going out with an impoverished young actor.
made weaker or worse in quality
He warned that the breakdown of the family unit would lead to an impoverished society.
impoverish verb
/ m p v. r. /
/- p .v -/ [T]
Excessive farming had impoverished the soil.
The new law is likely to further impoverish single parents.
impoverishment noun
/ m p v. r. .m nt/
/- p .v -/ [U] formal
cultural/economic/spiritual impoverishment
10. juxtapose
verb
/d k.st pz/
/- po z/ [T]
Definition
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to put things which are not similar next to each other
The exhibition juxtaposes Picasso's early drawings with some of his later works.
juxtaposition noun
/ d k.st .p z . n/ [U]
the juxtaposition of two very different cultures
11. knit
verb (
MAKE CLOTHES )
/n t/
Definition
[I or T] (knitting, knitted or knit, knitted or knit) to make clothes, etc. by using two long needles
to connect wool or another type of thread into joined rows
She's forever knitting.
She's busy knitting baby clothes.
[+ two objects] My granny knitted me some gloves/knitted some gloves for me.
See also: knitwear
[T] (knitting, knitted or knit, knitted or knit) specialized to do the most basic type of stitch,
when knitting something
Knit one, purl one.
12. lynch
verb
/l nt / [T]
Definition
If a crowd of people lynch someone who they believe is guilty of a crime, they kill them without
a legal trial, usually by hanging (= killing using a rope round the neck) .
lynching noun
/ l n.t / [C or U]
13. lull
verb
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FORCE )
/ bla d /
Definition
[T + object + to infinitive] (mainly US or formal obligate) to force someone to do something, or
to make it necessary for someone to do something
The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees.
Sellers are not legally obliged to accept the highest offer.
16. paraphrase
verb
/ pr. .fre z/
/ per-/ [I or T]
Definition
to repeat something written or spoken using different words, often in a humorous form or in a
simpler and shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer
paraphrase noun [C]
She gave us a quick paraphrase of what had been said.
17. qualify
verb (
FINISH TRAINING )
/ kw l. .fa /
/ kw .l -/
Definition
[I or T] to successfully finish a training course so that you are able to do a job; to have or
achieve the necessary skills, etc
She hopes to qualify (as a lawyer) at the end of the year.
[+ object + to infinitive] This course qualifies you to teach in any secondary school.
18. redeem
verb (
IMPROVE )
/r di m/
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Definition
[T] formal to make something or someone seem less bad
A poor game was redeemed in the second half by a couple of superb goals from Anthony
Edwards.
[R] He was an hour late, but he redeemed himself in her eyes by giving her a huge bunch of
flowers.
She took me to see a really dull film, the only redeeming feature of which (= the only thing
which prevented it from being completely bad) was the soundtrack.
19. shear
verb (
CUT )
/ r/
/ r/ (sheared, sheared or shorn)
Definition
[T] to cut the wool off a sheep
The farmer taught her how to shear sheep.
[T] to cut the hair on a person's head close to the skin, especially without care
He recalled the humiliation of having his hair shorn and exchanging his clothes for the prison
uniform.
be shorn of sth
to have something taken away from you
The ex-President, although shorn of his official powers, still has influence.
shearing noun
/ .r /
/ r. / [U]
sheep shearing
20. tyrannize
verb (UK usually tyrannise)
/ t r. n.a z/ [T]
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Definition
to treat someone cruelly, controlling everything that they do
He was one of those school bullies who tyrannized the whole playground.
21. undergo
verb
/ n.d g /
/-d go / [T] (undergoing, underwent,
undergone)
Definition
to experience something which is unpleasant or which involves a change
She underwent an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year.
Cinema in Britain is undergoing a revival of popularity.
22. vegetate
verb
/ ved . .te t/ [I]
Definition
to live in a way that has no physical and mental activity
A report has shown that children spend too much time vegetating in front of the TV.
23. wiggle
verb
/ w g.l/ [I or T] informal
Definition
to (cause to) move up and down and/or from side to side with small quick movements
He tried wiggling the control stick but nothing happened.
She wiggled her toes in the water.
Her hips wiggle as she walks.
24. yawn
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verb
/j n/
/j n/ [I]
Definition
to open the mouth wide and take a lot of air into the lungs and slowly send it out, usually when
tired or bored
I can't stop yawning - I must be tired.
25. zoom
verb
/zu m/ informal
Definition
[I + adverb or preposition] to move very quickly
They got into the car and zoomed off.
In the last few metres of the race, she suddenly zoomed ahead.
[I] If prices or sales zoom, they increase suddenly and quickly
House prices suddenly zoomed last year.
--------
creep
verb
/kri p/ [I usually + adverb or preposition] (crept, crept)
Definition
to move slowly, quietly and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed
She turned off the light and crept through the door.
Someone was creeping around outside my window.
The spider crept up the wall.
The traffic was creeping along at a snail's pace.
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crucify
verb
/ kru .s .fa / [T]
Definition
to kill someone by tying or fastening them with nails to a cross and leaving them there to die
informal to severely punish or damage someone or something
He's going to crucify me when he finds out what I've done!
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cuddle
verb
/ k d.l/ [I or T]
Definition
to put your arms around someone and hold them in a loving way, or (of two people) to hold
each other close to show love or for comfort
She cuddled the baby and eventually it stopped crying.
They sat in the back row of the cinema kissing and cuddling.
cuddle noun [C]
Come here and give me a cuddle.
----
conciliate
verb
/k n s l.i.e t/ [I or T]
Definition
to end a disagreement or someone's anger by acting in a friendly way or slightly changing your
opinions, or to satisfy someone who disagrees with you by acting in this way
An independent adviser has been brought in to conciliate between the two sides involved in the
conflict.
These changes have been made in an attempt to conciliate critics of the plan.
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conciliation noun
/k n s l.i e . n/ [U] formal
All attempts at conciliation failed and the dispute continued.
conciliatory adjective
/k n s l.i. .tri/
/-t r.i/
a conciliatory gesture/remark
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