FIRST AID
FIRST AID
• OBJECTIVES– RISK ASSESSMENT– PROPER APPLICATION OF A FIELD OR
PRESSURE DRESSING AND TOURNIQUET
– FIRST AID FOR BURNS – IDENTIFY AND TREAT CARBON
MONOXIDE POISONING
- MINEFIELD INJURIES
- CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION: RISK ASSESSMENT:
MINE AWARENESS INSTRUCTION
REVIEW FIRST AID FOR MINE RELATED INJURIES
FIELD CRAFT CLASSES (STOVE OPERATION)
SITUATION AWARENESS (CAUSES OF CO POISONING)
FIRST AID FOR CO POISONING
FIRST AID INSTRUCTION
- MINEFIELD INJURIES
- CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
EXTREMELY HIGH
EXTREMELY HIGH
HAZARD CONTROLS
RISK MANAGEMENT & REDUCTION:
•UNCOVER THE WOUND•APPLY THE CASUALTY’S FIELD DRESSING•APPLY MANUAL PRESSURE AND ELEVATE LIMB•APPLY PRESSURE DRESSING IF BLEEDING CONTINUES•PERFORM ADDITIONAL FIRST AID MEASURES IF NECESSARY
APPLY FIELD DRESSING
FIRST AID FOR BURNS 1- ELIMINATE THE SOURCE a) Clothing on fire: cover with any non-synthetic material, roll patient on the ground. 2-SURVEY THE PATIENT: a) Hot gas and flame burns of the neck, nose, and mouth are associated with airway swelling therefore respiratory function must be assessed frequently. b) Examine for singed nasal hair, carbon- like material in the nose and mouth, or carbon- flecked sputum. These signs indicate inhalation burns. 3- UNCOVER THE AREA: a) Remove all jewelry from hands and fingers. 4- TREATMENT: a) Ice or cold compresses may be applied locally to minor 1st and 2nd degree burns. b) Do not break blisters, Do not apply grease or ointment on the burns, Do not place dressings over face or genitalia. c) Apply a field dressing lightly over the burned area, but firmly enough to prevent it from slipping. 5- SEEK MEDICAL HELP
CARBON MONOXIDE INHALATION• CARBON MONOXIDE CAUSES MORE
POISONING DEATHS THAN ANY OTHER SUBSTANCE. IT IS PRODUCED DURING THE INCOMPLETE BURNING OF ORGANIC FUELS. CARBON MONOXIDE IS A COLORLESS, ODORLESS, TASTELESS GAS; WHICH MAKES ITS DETECTION IN THE AIR DIFFICULT AND THUS INCREASE THE HAZARD. USUALLY THE VICTIM DOES NOT REALIZE WHAT IS HAPPENING UNTIL IT IS TOO LATE.
WARNING SYMPTOMS OF CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
• SENSE OF PRESSURE IN THE HEAD• ROARING/ RINGING SENSATION OF THE EARS• PATIENT IS CONFUSED AND UNABLE TO THINK
CLEARLY• DRUNK APPEARANCE• OFTEN VOMITING• INCONTINENT• CONVULSIONS• BOUNDING PULSE
WARNING SYMPTOMS CONTINUED
• CHERRY RED LIPS• DILATED PUPILS• COMA• NOTE: YOU SHOULD CONSIDER CARBON
MONOXIDE POISONING WHENEVER CONFRONTED WITH A GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS WHO ARE SHARING ACCOMMODATIONS.
TREATMENT FOR CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
• REMOVE THE PATIENT FROM THE EXPOSURE SITE
• PROVIDE PATIENT WITH 100% OXYGEN OR EXPOSE HIM TO FRESH AIR
• MONITOR THE PATIENT FOR FURTHER RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
• EVACUATE PATIENT TO MTF
CARBON MONOXIDE PREVENTION
• RUN ENGINES OUTDOORS OR WITH DOORS/ WINDOWS OPEN
• KEEP WINDOWS CRACKED WHERE YOU SLEEP
• DO NOT USE ENGINE EXHAUST FOR HEAT
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