Fall ProtectionFall ProtectionFall Protection Fall Protection Compliance OptionsCompliance Options
J. Nigel Ellis J. Nigel Ellis Ph.D., CSP, P.E., CPEPh.D., CSP, P.E., CPE
p pp p
www.FallSafety.comwww.FallSafety.com1.800.372.77751.800.372.7775
National Safety Council
San Diego Oct 5th 2010
What we will talk about:What we will talk about:Compliance means: “Compliance means: “show of hands”show of hands”Meets your Fall Protection Program?Meets your Fall Protection Program?Meets your Fall Protection Program?Meets your Fall Protection Program?Meets General Industry OSHA?Meets General Industry OSHA?Meets OSHA Construction?Meets OSHA Construction?Meets Meets CalOSHACalOSHA requirements?requirements?qqMeets ANSI Z359 or A10.32 Meets ANSI Z359 or A10.32 stdsstds??Meets EN or AS or your country Meets EN or AS or your country stdsstds??Meets EN or AS or your country Meets EN or AS or your country stdsstds??
All require preplanning and preparation after having identified site fall hazards
What’s What’s NewNew in Fall Protectionin Fall ProtectionFederal OSHAFederal OSHA
General Industry 5 24 10 PGeneral Industry 5 24 10 PGeneral Industry 5 24 10 PGeneral Industry 5 24 10 P
C & D i k i C & D i k i C t ’C t ’ 8 9 10 R8 9 10 RCranes & Derricks in Cranes & Derricks in Constr’nConstr’n 8 9 10 R8 9 10 R
P = Proposed RuleR = Final Rule
ANSI Z359 Fall Protection CodeANSI Z359 Fall Protection CodeANSI Z359 Fall Protection CodeANSI Z359 Fall Protection Code
First Z359 1 PFAS (be withdrawn soon)First Z359 1 PFAS (be withdrawn soon)First Z359.1 PFAS (be withdrawn soon)First Z359.1 PFAS (be withdrawn soon)Then Z359.2 Managed Fall ProtectionThen Z359.2 Managed Fall Protection
Z359 3 Z359 3 P ’P ’ & T l R t i t& T l R t i tZ359.3 Z359.3 Pos’gPos’g & Travel Restraint& Travel RestraintZ359.4 Rescue SystemsZ359.4 Rescue Systems
New New Z359.6Z359.6 Design Req. for Active FPSDesign Req. for Active FPSZ359 12Z359 12 Connecting ComponentsConnecting ComponentsZ359.12Z359.12 Connecting ComponentsConnecting ComponentsZ359.13Z359.13 Lanyards and Energy AbsLanyards and Energy Abs
M t th h Z359 18 M t th h Z359 18 More to come through Z359.18 More to come through Z359.18
Z359.0 Definitions is free
Current FederalCurrent FederalCurrent FederalCurrent Federal
1910 23 Guardrails 1910 23 Guardrails No PFASNo PFAS 1971 19711910.23 Guardrails, 1910.23 Guardrails, No PFASNo PFAS, 1971, 19711910.27 Fixed Ladders1910.27 Fixed Ladders1910 66 E t i Bld M i t 1910 66 E t i Bld M i t 1910.66 Exterior Bldg Maintenance 1910.66 Exterior Bldg Maintenance Appendix C PFAS exception 1989Appendix C PFAS exception 1989
Current ANSI/CSACurrent ANSI/CSAZ359 General Industry 2007 Z359 General Industry 2007 A10.32 Constr’n to adopt Z359 tests ‘11I 14 1 Window Cleaning I-14.1 Window Cleaning
New OSHA Proposed General New OSHA Proposed General Industry Rules, Subpart D & IIndustry Rules, Subpart D & I
1910 211910 21-- 30 & 140 Guardrails and PFAS 30 & 140 Guardrails and PFAS 1910.211910.21 .30 & .140 Guardrails and PFAS .30 & .140 Guardrails and PFAS including fixed ladder climbingincluding fixed ladder climbing•• Requires Body Harness for Fall ArrestRequires Body Harness for Fall Arrest•• Requires Body Harness for Fall ArrestRequires Body Harness for Fall Arrest•• Rope Descent Systems < 300 ft??Rope Descent Systems < 300 ft??
P l bl C t ti R l P l bl C t ti R l Proposal resembles Construction Rules Proposal resembles Construction Rules 1926.500/5031926.500/503Training Training understandableunderstandable to to eacheach workerworkerRetrainingRetraining for understanding & skillfor understanding & skillgg gg
Update of 4 10 1990 Comments Closed 5 23 2010
Portable Ladder ConsiderationsPortable Ladder ConsiderationsPortable Ladder ConsiderationsPortable Ladder Considerations
3 ft minimum extension* 3 ft minimum extension* 3 ft minimum extension …………3 ft minimum extension …………5 ft may tip5 ft may tipSl i iti l 76 dSl i iti l 76 dSlope is critical 76 deg.Slope is critical 76 deg.70 deg slope will slip70 deg slope will slip80 deg slope fall back80 deg slope fall backInspect ladder shoes!!Inspect ladder shoes!!
Tip
Inspect ladder shoes!!Inspect ladder shoes!!
*Proposed p1910.23(c)(11)
Slide
Portable LaddersPortable LaddersWorkers do not voluntarily do 3 ft Workers do not voluntarily do 3 ft Workers do not voluntarily do 3 ft Workers do not voluntarily do 3 ft extension ………..extension ………..Try new systemTry new system**Try new systemTry new system**Gain 3 ft of ladder lengthGain 3 ft of ladder length
*Horizontal bars shown to be Horizontal bars shown to be critical to prevent sliding and falling (UMich report 10 09)Courtesy AES Raptor
OSHA does not prohibit two OSHA does not prohibit two protective devicesprotective devices
Hole ProtectionHole ProtectionHole ProtectionHole ProtectionCover and a net may be a good Cover and a net may be a good investment:investment:investment:investment:
Protect walking/working surfacesProtect walking/working surfacesProtect HVAC installerProtect HVAC installer
Proposed 1910.23(b)(3)1910.29(c)
Hole Cover and Net
What to do?What to do?Comply with Proposed OSHA Std?Comply with Proposed OSHA Std?
ANSI Z359? Do both?ANSI Z359? Do both?ANSI Z359? Do both?ANSI Z359? Do both?Yes both! Proposed OSHA is de Yes both! Proposed OSHA is de minimisminimisppZ359 Surveys, PreZ359 Surveys, Pre--planning, Trainingplanning, TrainingScaffolds: follow 1926 450Scaffolds: follow 1926 450-- 454454Scaffolds: follow 1926.450Scaffolds: follow 1926.450--.454.454Cranes follow: 1926.1440Cranes follow: 1926.1440--.1444 (new).1444 (new)Hoists: follow ANSI A10.5Hoists: follow ANSI A10.5--.5; A92.9.5; A92.9Truck flatbeds: adopt temporary & Truck flatbeds: adopt temporary & p p yp p ypermanent installation permanent installation egeg Boom anchor Boom anchor or HLL; elevated portable anchorsor HLL; elevated portable anchors
ScaffoldsScaffoldsd b ff fd b ff fHeadroom must be sufficient for Headroom must be sufficient for
standing 84” min. (JNE)standing 84” min. (JNE)If only 58”, access to ladder becomes If only 58”, access to ladder becomes near impossible (unsafe)near impossible (unsafe)
Proposed 1910.28(b)(12) ref. 1926 451( )(9)
Offshore 1926.451(e)(9) Safe Access
Offshore Fall Hazard corrected
Skylight dangersSkylight dangers
70 million unit skylights: 70 million unit skylights: Do You Have?Do You Have?70 million unit skylights: 70 million unit skylights: Do You Have?Do You Have?Commercial mostly acrylic domesCommercial mostly acrylic domesAl fib l l i t l Al fib l l i t l bldbldAlso fiberglass panels in metal Also fiberglass panels in metal bldgsbldgsSunlight degradation certainSunlight degradation certain
What Solution would you choose:1. Curbs >42”2. Guardrails >42”3. Fall Arrest – anchors?4. Cover them with nets, boards5 Tested with 312 lbs/3 5. Tested with 312 lbs/3
ft/Conical Sandbag 5.5”/18”6. Stay away from skylights
America’s SolutionAmerica’s Solution afterafter fall throughfall throughAmerica s Solution America s Solution afterafter fall throughfall through
Arched screens
Skylights possible Fall Skylights possible Fall Arrest/RestraintArrest/Restraint
Fall Restraint
Fall ArrestFall Arrest
Warning! HVAC or Skylight base anchor must be inspected
OSHA GI Alone October 2010OSHA GI Alone October 2010Does not Work Does not Work –– examples:examples:
200 lbs sand bag on a skylight is OK?200 lbs sand bag on a skylight is OK?200 lbs sand bag on a skylight is OK?200 lbs sand bag on a skylight is OK?No swing gate on a supported scaffold?No swing gate on a supported scaffold?N i t f hN i t f hNo requirement for harnessesNo requirement for harnessesNo Fall Protection exc. Guardrails/CoversNo Fall Protection exc. Guardrails/Covers
Big Gaps in OSHA 1910
Truck net feasibilityTruck net feasibilityTruck net feasibilityTruck net feasibility
FMCSA regs are for the truck not the trailerFall clearance diagram required, specification by Qualified Person
Should you follow new Should you follow new Standards?Standards?
Yes: There are good reasons for updatesYes: There are good reasons for updatesYes: There are good reasons for updatesYes: There are good reasons for updatesChanges are fought over vigorouslyChanges are fought over vigorouslyP l ibilit d i ?P l ibilit d i ?Personal responsibility over design?Personal responsibility over design?•• Always be contention over user should knowAlways be contention over user should know
Design eventually prevails after deathsDesign eventually prevails after deaths
Liability issues more at Liability issues – more at Question time – ask me!
SnaphookSnaphook Gate Strengths dilemmaGate Strengths dilemmaSnaphookSnaphook Gate Strengths dilemmaGate Strengths dilemma
A10 32 the only standard w/220/350 lbsA10 32 the only standard w/220/350 lbsA10.32 the only standard w/220/350 lbsA10.32 the only standard w/220/350 lbsMost equipment still sold has 220/350Most equipment still sold has 220/350W k t i ll YW k t i ll Y l d ith l d ith Weak gates especially on YWeak gates especially on Y--lanyards with lanyards with distort & flydistort & fly--by nose or stick openby nose or stick openAngle Iron forces nose openAngle Iron forces nose open
Pics – 220 lbs and 3600 lbs gate
What’s What’s New in New in SnaphooksSnaphooks??
Z359.0 through Z359.4Z359.0 through Z359.4 all new all new t f Z359 1 (R i d t f Z359 1 (R i d except for Z359.1 (Revised except for Z359.1 (Revised
SnaphookSnaphook gates 3600 lbs v. gates 3600 lbs v. the the old old 220/350lbs220/350lbs))Z359 2Z359 2 M d M d Z359.2Z359.2 Managed Managed Fall Protection ProgramFall Protection Program: : •• fall protection planningfall protection planning•• minimum training minimum training
3600 lbs Gate
•• minimum training minimum training
Ellis Recommendation 10/05/10:Ellis Recommendation 10/05/10:OS “ ld” 0 32 “ ld”OS “ ld” 0 32 “ ld” ’ b’ bOSHA “old”, A10.32 “old”: OSHA “old”, A10.32 “old”: Don’t buyDon’t buyPresently use only Z359Presently use only Z359--2007 2007 compliant compliant snaphookssnaphooks
>5000 lbs
SnaphookSnaphook GateGate GateGate DistortionDistortionSnaphookSnaphook Gate Gate GateGate DistortionDistortion
220 lbs v. 3600 lbs Gate Strength
The case of Boilermaker lanyard The case of Boilermaker lanyard with 220 lbs with 220 lbs snaphooksnaphook gatesgatesOSHA said: employer did not train to OSHA said: employer did not train to OSHA said: employer did not train to OSHA said: employer did not train to anchor properly based on fall systemanchor properly based on fall system
Analysis said Analysis said –– worker climbed out of worker climbed out of i l lift d l d d i l lift d l d d aerial lift and lanyard was never used aerial lift and lanyard was never used
(no wear marks or stitches broken)(no wear marks or stitches broken)
If overhead anchor points installed If overhead anchor points installed ppearlier from aerial lift, no incident earlier from aerial lift, no incident would have occurredwould have occurred
pics
Tower Climber 40 ft fallTower Climber 40 ft fallTower Climber 40 ft fallTower Climber 40 ft fall
OSHA citation said Failure to trainOSHA citation said Failure to trainOSHA citation said Failure to trainOSHA citation said Failure to trainAnalysis showed large Analysis showed large snaphooksnaphook gate gate pushed past nose pushed past nose pushed past nose pushed past nose If 3600 lbs gate used on If 3600 lbs gate used on snaphookssnaphooks
Z359 1 Z359 1 2007 th i id t lik l 2007 th i id t lik l per Z359.1per Z359.1-- 2007 then incident likely 2007 then incident likely would not have occurredwould not have occurred
Anchor Point TechnologyAnchor Point TechnologyAnchor Point TechnologyAnchor Point Technology
Inventory of temp and permanent Inventory of temp and permanent Inventory of temp. and permanent Inventory of temp. and permanent anchorsanchorsInspection programInspection programInspection programInspection programRescue Plan anchorsRescue Plan anchorsFall Protection Plan for using anchor Fall Protection Plan for using anchor points and number of persons points and number of persons attachedattached
Compliance byCompliance by PrePlanningPrePlanningCompliance by Compliance by PrePlanningPrePlanningNo preplan means leaving to the No preplan means leaving to the p p gp p gworkerworkerWorker choices: follow company Worker choices: follow company Worker choices: follow company Worker choices: follow company guidelines; ignore company guidelines; ignore company guidelines or do makeshift guidelinesguidelines or do makeshift guidelinesguidelines or do makeshift guidelinesguidelines or do makeshift guidelinesShould worker do his own Should worker do his own inspection? No: except cursory inspection? No: except cursory inspection? No: except cursory inspection? No: except cursory egeg almost cut/burned through; almost cut/burned through; competent person needs to competent person needs to competent person needs to competent person needs to document the formal inspectiondocument the formal inspection
Where and what are the Hazards? :Where and what are the Hazards? :Where and what are the Hazards? :Where and what are the Hazards? :Do Survey per Z359Do Survey per Z359Do Survey per Z359Do Survey per Z359Use grid method: Hazard v. SolutionUse grid method: Hazard v. Solution
Ref: Dave MacCollum’s book: 2007 McGraw Hill(C i ) S f (Construction) Safety Engineering Principles
RecognizedRecognized EliminateEliminate GuardGuard Safety Safety F tF t
RedundancyRedundancy ReliaReliabilitybility
A Tool to recognize ALL Worksite Hazards
Hazard /Hazard /SolutionsSolutions
FactorFactor bilitybility
ListListHazardHazard
SafetSafetyySolSol’’nn
ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySolSol’’nn
ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySol’nSol’n
ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySolSol’’nn
AdminAdmin
NaturalNaturalHuman Human FactorsFactors
Structural/Structural/MechanicalMechanicalElectricalElectrical
ChemicalChemical
RadiantEnergRadiantEnergyyFireFire
BiologicalBiological
ArtificialArtificialIntelligenceIntelligence
RecognizedRecognizedHazard /Hazard /
EliminateEliminate GuardGuard Safety FactorSafety Factor RedundancyRedundancy ReliabReliabilityility
Use Tool to recognize Skylight Fall Hazards
SolutionsSolutions ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySolSol’’nn
ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySolSol’’nn
ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySol’nSol’n
ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySolSol’’nn
AdminAdmin
GravityGravity FallFall Remove Remove sky lightsky light
FallFall Screen Screen or curb or curb at 42”at 42”
FallFall Strong Strong skylightskylight
FallFall Guardrail Guardrail & cover& cover
Planning Planning & & surveyssurveysat 42at 42 surveyssurveys
Structural/Structural/MechanicalMechanical**
CollapseCollapse CoverCover collapsecollapse Burglar Burglar barsbars
collapsecollapse Test for Test for 97%ile97%ile
Fall Fall ThroughThrough
Screen & Screen & barsbars
Inspect Inspect Strength Strength reportreport
RadiantRadiantEnergyEnergy
UV UV Degrad’nDegrad’nFirefighterFirefighterAccessAccess
Screen Screen 20 yrs or20 yrs orLess Less than 12” than 12” gapgap
CrazingCrazingat screw at screw holesholes
ScreenScreenAndAndReplaceReplace
leaksleaks Test for Test for 20 yrs,20 yrs,ReplaceReplace
ExposueExposueto to replacereplace
Use Use changechange--out toolout tool
Test Test Miami Miami Dade 5 Dade 5 yrsyrs
*Attractive*Attractivenuisancenuisance
Sit onSit on screenscreen Bounce* Bounce* BungeeBungee
Guard Guard railrail
Stand Stand onon
screenscreen Two Two personperson
screenscreen Add Add warningswarnings
*Burglar*Burglar entryentry Burglar Burglar accessaccess
Secure Secure access &access &
Fill Fill openingopening
Add Add grillgrill
Screws Screws removeremove
Larger Larger w/toolw/tool
Two Two hazardhazard
Screen & Screen & barsbars
EvaluatEvaluatburglarburglar
grillgrill ss methodmethod
*Maintain*Maintainskylight/screenskylight/screen
Replace Replace skylightskylight
Use Use change change outout
No barrierNo barrier Use Use DBInet DBInet frameframe
Weak Weak structurstructuree
Alum. Alum. Ribs in Ribs in skylightskylight
Not Not enough enough protectprotect
Add PFAS Add PFAS to to Burglar BBurglar B
Design Design screen screen limited limited openingopeningopeningopening
RecognizedRecognizedHazard /Hazard /
EliminateEliminate GuardGuard Safety FactorSafety Factor RedundancyRedundancy ReliabReliabilityility
2. Use Tool to recognize Aerial Lift Fall Hazards
SolutionsSolutions ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySolSol’’nn
ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySolSol’’nn
ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySol’nSol’n
ListListHazardHazard
SafetySafetySolSol’’nn
Admin Admin PrePlanPrePlan
GravityGravity Fall out Fall out while while reachingreaching
RestrainRestrain Fall while Fall while step up step up on on
Screen Screen up to up to 42”42”
Fall Fall while while transfertransfer
Wishbone Wishbone connect, connect, follow follow
Fall Fall hazard hazard and and
Guardrail Guardrail && PFAS, PFAS, training training
Train to Train to stay if stay if rockingrockingreachingreaching on on
midrailmidrail4242 transfertransfer procedureprocedure and and
rescuerescuetraining training rockingrocking
Structural/Structural/MechanicalMechanical
Collapse Collapse due to due to bearing bearing failurefailure
Regular Regular maintain maintain check check the certsthe certs
Ejection: Ejection: Auto Auto impact at impact at basebase
PFAS PFAS and and selfself--rescurescuee
Collapse Collapse boom or boom or tip overtip over
Check Check outrigrsoutrigrsfully out fully out & PFAS& PFAS
Bucket Bucket invertsinverts
Restraint Restraint andand PFAS PFAS & rescue & rescue methodmethod
Inspect Inspect Strength Strength reportreport
failurefailure the certsthe certs basebase rescurescuee & PFAS& PFAS methodmethod
,,,, Lean on Lean on controls controls near near ceilingceiling
LockLock--out out & design & design of of controlscontrols
Duck Duck under under rail: rail: head head i ji j
Use Use swing swing gate gate accessaccess
Lift does Lift does not not respond respond to to
ll
Bleed Bleed hydraulicshydraulicsand/or and/or descent descent d id i
Anchor Anchor Pt too Pt too low in low in bucketbucket
Anchor Anchor Pt on Pt on bucket at bucket at 5 ft 5 ft andand
b b
Train: Train: instrns instrns for for proper proper
injuryinjury controlscontrols devicedevice or boomor boom useuse
’’’’ Walk Walk mastmast
Prevent Prevent accessaccess
Tip overTip over OutriggOutriggersers
Stalls Stalls w/ load w/ load & angle& angle
Higher Higher capacity capacity liftlift
Tip Tip overover
Guard Guard andand PFASPFAS
Add Add alarm & alarm & warningswarnings
i l i li l i l Att k b Att k b R t R t Att k b Att k b PFAS PFAS D t D t I I Att k Att k Add it Add it BiologicalBiological Attack by Attack by beesbees
Remote Remote distance distance toolstools
Attack by Attack by beesbees
PFAS PFAS Control Control DescentDescent
Descent Descent not fast not fast enoughenough
Increase Increase descent descent speedspeed
Attack Attack by by beesbees
Add suit Add suit and and headgearheadgear
ElectricalElectrical Touch Touch power power
Keep 10’ Keep 10’ distance distance
Touch Touch while on while on
Training Training stay stay
Conduct’nConduct’n Use Use insulatdinsulatd
Other Other hazardshazards
Increase Increase insulated insulated
lineline per per OSHA OSHA & alarm& alarm
groundground away or away or jumpjump
remote remote toolstools
equip’t equip’t toolstools
David MacCollum: Construction Safety Engineering Principles, 2007
TrainingTrainingAfter a survey of Hazards andAfter a survey of Hazards andAfter a survey of Hazards and After a survey of Hazards and
Selection of MethodsSelection of MethodsDo it right Do it right –– choose your trainer wellchoose your trainer wellT i t d tiT i t d tiTrainer gets good ratingsTrainer gets good ratingsSite Specific trainingSite Specific trainingExamples from site or similar siteExamples from site or similar siteDemo equipment where possibleDemo equipment where possibleDemo equipment where possibleDemo equipment where possibleTest in writing or verbally if necessaryTest in writing or verbally if necessary
Your Pass Rate is 70% or 90%?
Monitor where possibleMonitor where possibleMonitor where possibleMonitor where possible
Is your plan being followed?Is your plan being followed?Is your plan being followed?Is your plan being followed?Trained, Certificate, Passed Test, Trained, Certificate, Passed Test, P i di RP i di R t i it i iPeriodic RePeriodic Re--trainingtrainingProper tools to do jobProper tools to do job
100% Tie100% Tie--OffOff100% Tie100% Tie OffOff
Means no exception to protection ruleMeans no exception to protection ruleMeans no exception to protection ruleMeans no exception to protection ruleTransitions tooTransitions tooM t/AM t/AMovement/AccessMovement/AccessApproved AnchoragesApproved AnchoragesTrigger Height 4ft GI, 6 ft general Trigger Height 4ft GI, 6 ft general Construction, 7.5 ft Construction, 7.5 ft CalOSHACalOSHA,,
Fall Protection System
Labels on Fall Equipment Z359.1Labels on Fall Equipment Z359.1
Good for the life of the life of the product?1910.23App. C(g)
SummarySummarySummarySummary
Detect/Survey Fall HazardsDetect/Survey Fall HazardsDetect/Survey Fall HazardsDetect/Survey Fall HazardsResolve Conflicts between mixed Resolve Conflicts between mixed hazards hazards egeg Electrical and FallsElectrical and Fallshazards hazards egeg Electrical and FallsElectrical and FallsApply 1910/1926 Apply 1910/1926 regsregs proposed/finalproposed/finalApply Z359 for training guidance/detailApply Z359 for training guidance/detailPrePre--Plan Plan –– train, observe and inspecttrain, observe and inspect, p, p
QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions
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