FACE, EYELIDS, LACRIMAL APPARATUS & SCALP
Steven J. Zehren, Ph.D.
BONES OF THE FACE
Supraorbital f.
NASAL
LACRIMAL
ZYGOMATIC
MAXILLA
Zygomatic pr.
Orbital surface
Infraorbital f.Frontal pr.Alveolar pr.
INF. NASAL CONCHA
VOMER
MANDIBLE
Ramus
Body
Mental f.Mental tubercle
Mental protuberance
SKULL (ANTERIOR VIEW)
LACRIMAL
NASAL
MAXILLA
Frontal pr.
Infraorbital f.
Alveolar pr.
ZYGOMATIC
Zygomatic arch
MANDIBLE
HeadMandibular notchCoronoid pr.RamusBodyMental f.
TemporomandibularJoint (TMJ)
SKULL (LATERAL VIEW)
MANDIBLE (MEDIAL VIEW)
Mandibular foramen(inf. alveolar n.)
Inferior alveolar n.(w/in mandibular canal)
Mental n.(emerging from mental f.)
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR AND MENTAL NERVES
Mandible of aged person
Mental foramen
RESORPTION OF THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS OF THE MANDIBLE
Maxillary sinus
Roots of teeth
Opening of sinus into middle meatus of nasal cavity
Infratemporal surfaceFacial surface
Orbital surface
MAXILLARY SINUS (RELATIONSHIPS)
NEWBORN ADULT
FACE FORMS 1/8 OF SKULL FACE FORMS 1/3 OF SKULL
Mastoid process absent
SKULL OF NEWBORN (LATERAL VIEW)
MUSCLES OF FACE
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONDERIVED FROM PHARYNGEAL ARCH 2
Occipitalis
Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi (orbital part)
Epicranial aponeurosis
Orbicularis oculi(palpebral part)
Nasalis (transverse part)
Nasalis (alar part)
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus minorZygomaticus major
MentalisDepressor labii inferioris
Depressor anguli orisBuccinator
RisoriusPlatysma
Levator labii superioris
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
ORIGIN OF BUCCINATOR MUSCLE
Superior pharyngeal constrictor m.
Pterygomandibular raphe
Buccinator m.
Parotid duct
Alveolar processof maxilla
Alveolar process of mandible
INSERTION OF BUCCINATOR MUSCLE
Orbicularis oris m.
Buccinator m.
Parotid duct
FUNCTION OF THE BUCCINATOR MUSCLE (coronal section through oral cavity)
Oral vestibule
Buccinator
NERVES OF FACE
INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS (VII & VIII)
FACIAL N. (VII) EXITS CRANIAL CAVITY VIA INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS
VII EMERGES FROM STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN
STYLOID PROCESS
MASTOID PROCESS STYLOMASTOID F.
Temporal branchesZygomatic branches
Buccal branches
Marginal mandibular branch
Cervical branch
Main trunk of VII
TO ZANZIBAR BY MOTOR CAR
FACIAL NERVE BRANCHES IN PAROTID GLAND
BELL’S PALSY
COURSE OF VII IN FACIAL CANAL
VII in facial canalof temporal bone
Int. auditory meatus
Stylomastoid for.
Greater petrosal n.
Chorda tympani n.
Nerve to stapedius
Branches to muscles of facial expression
Ophthalmic N. (V1) (GSA)
Maxillary N. (V2) (GSA)
Mandibular N. (V3) (GSA, SVE)
Trigeminal ganglion (GSA)
TRIGEMINAL NERVE (V)
Sensory root ofV ganglion
Ophthalmic N. (V1)
Maxillary N. (V2)
Mandibular N. (V3)
Dorsal rami ofcervical nerves
Ventral rami ofcervical nerves
VERTEX – EAR – CHIN LINE
OPHTHALMIC N.
MAXILLARY N.
MANDIBULAR N.
Supraorbital n.
Supratrochlear n.
Lacrimal n.
Infratrochlear n.
Ant. ethmoidal n.(ext. nasal br.)
Infraorbital n.
Zygomaticofacial n.
Zygomaticotemporal n.
Mental n.
Buccal n.
Auriculotemporal n.
DORSAL RAMI
VENTRAL RAMI
Gr. occipital n. (C2)
3rd occipital n. (C3)
Lsr. occipital n. (C2,3)
Gr. auricular n. (C2,3)
Transverse cervical n. (C2,3)
Supraclavicular nn. (C3,4)
CUTANEOUS NERVES OF HEAD AND NECK
VESSELS OF FACE
FACIAL ARTERY
Black: from internal carotid a. (via ophthalmic a.)Red: from external carotid a.
ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO FACE
FACIAL VEIN
EXTERNAL NOSE
Frontal
Nasals
Maxilla (frontal pr.)
Septal cartilage (lateral prs.)
Septal cartilage
Major alar cartilage
Lateral crusMedial crus
Alar fibrofatty tissueSeptal cartilage
Alar fibrofatty tissue
Major alar cartilage
Medial crus
Lateral crus
NOSE (SKELETON)
EYELIDS &LACRIMAL APPARATUS
Levator palpebrae superioris m.
Orbital septumSup. tarsal m.
Sup. conjunctival fornix
Orbicularis oculi m. (palpebral pt.)
Sup. tarsus
Tarsal glandsSebaceous glands
Eyelashes (cilia)
Openings of tarsal glands
Inf. tarsusOrbicularis oculi m. (palpebral pt.)
Inf. conjunctival fornix
Orbital septum
Sclera
Bulbar conjunctiva
Palpebral conjunctiva
Cornea
EYELIDS (SAGITTAL SECTION)
Orbital septum
Superior tarsus
Lat. palpebral lig.
Inferior tarsus
Orbital septumMed. palpebral lig.
Lacrimal sac
TARSOFASCIAL LAYER OF EYELIDS
Orbital part oflacrimal gland
Palpebral part oflacrimal gland
Ducts of lacrimal gland
Plica semilunaris
Lacrimal caruncle
Inf. lacrimal papillaand punctum
Sup. lacrimal papillaand punctum
Lacrimal canaliculi
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Opening ofnasolacrimal duct(into inf. meatusof nasal cavity)
LACRIMAL APPARATUS
AUTONOMIC INNERVATION OF LACRIMAL GLAND
1st and 2nd thoracic spinal nn.
Sup. cervical sympathetic ganglion
Int. carotid plexus
Deep petrosal n.
Sup. salivatory nucleusFacial n. (VII)
Greater petrosal n.
Trigeminal ganglion (V)
Maxillary n. (V2)N. of pterygoid canal
PterygopalatinganglionPterygopalatine ganglionLacrimal gland
Sympathetic presynaptic fibersSympathetic postsynaptic fibersParasympathetic presynaptic fibersParasympathetic postsynaptic fibers
Lacrimal gland
Zygomaticotemporal n.
Communicating branch
Lacrimal n.
V ganglion
Maxillary n. (V2)
Zygomatic n.
N. of pterygoid canal
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Pterygopalatine nn.
AUTONOMIC INNERVATION OF LACRIMAL GLAND (CONTINUED)
SCALP
S. C. A. L. P.
NERVES AND ARTERIES OF SCALP
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