Download - Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

Transcript
Page 1: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

DIPLOMA IN SANITARY SCIENCE FISH HYGIENE – DDS2140

EVALUATE THE CAUSES AND SOURCES OF FISH POISONING

Presented By :Oomar Mooradun -1217064 Casimir Robinson -1200135

Page 2: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

FISH POISONING Fish poisoning causes nausea, vomiting,

diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, and headache.

Specific types of fish poisoning can cause other signs and symptoms, such as:Ciguatera (caused by toxins in some fish)Pufferfish poisoningShellfish poisoning

Page 3: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

WHAT IS FISH POISONING? Fish and shellfish contain poisonous

biotoxins, even if well cooked. Certain fish--groupers, barracudas, moray

eel, sturgeon, sea bass, red  snapper, amberjack, mackerel, parrot fish, surgeonfish, and triggerfish--can cause ciguatera fish poisoning.

Page 4: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

EXAMPLE OF POISONOUS FISH IN MAURITIUS

Page 5: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

WHERE IS THE RISK OF CIGUATERA POISONING THE GREATEST? Reef fish from the tropical and subtropical

waters of the West Indies, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean pose the greatest threat. Cases have been reported in the United States in California, Hawaii, Texas, Guam, Puerto Rico, Vermont, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Florida, and a few isolated cases of ciguatera poisoning have even been noted along the eastern seaboard of the United States.

Page 6: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

SYMPTOMS OF CIGUATERA POISONINGSymptoms may include: Nausea Vomiting Watery diarrhea Headache Numbness and tingling about the mouth and

extremities In more severe cases, the person may suffer

muscle pains, dizziness, and sensations of temperature reversal

Page 7: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

TREATMENT FOR CIGUATERA POISONING Treatment for ciguatera poisoning

involves relieving the symptoms and treating any complications

Page 8: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

TETRODOTOXIN Tetrodotoxin, also called pufferfish

poisoning or fugu poisoning, is a much rarer form of fish poisoning, but it is potentially very serious.

Page 9: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

SYMPTOMS OF PUFFERFISH POISONING Symptoms generally appear between 20 minutes

and three hours after eating the poisonous pufferfish

Symptoms may include: Numbness of lips and tongue Numbness of face and extremities Sensations of lightness or floating Headache Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain

Page 10: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

Diarrhea Slurred speech Difficulty walking Extensive muscle weakness Convulsions Respiratory distress Mental impairment Cardiac arrhythmia Death can occur within four to six hours of

poisoning, so it is essential to seek immediate medical attention.

Page 11: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

TREATMENT FOR PUFFERFISH POISONING Treatment for pufferfish poisoning

consists of limiting the body's absorption of the toxin, relieving symptoms, and treating life-threatening complications. There is no known antidote for tetrodotoxin.

Page 12: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

SCOMBROTOXIN Scombrotoxin, also called scombroid poisoning

or histamine poisoning, occurs after eating fish that contain high levels of histamine due to improper food handling.

It remains one of the most common forms of fish poisoning in the U.S. and worldwide.

These fish, which include mahi mahi (dolphin fish), albacore tuna, bluefin and yellowfin tuna, bluefish, mackerel, sardines, anchovy, herring, marlin, amberjack, and abalone, have high amounts of histidine.

Page 13: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

As a result of inadequate refrigeration or preservation, bacteria convert the histidine to histamine, and this leads to scombroid poisoning.

This form of fish poisoning occurs worldwide in temperate and tropical waters.

Page 14: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

SYMPTOMS OF SCOMBROID POISONING Symptoms generally appear within

minutes to an hour after eating affected fish. They typically last three hours, but can last several days. The following are the most common symptoms of scombroid poisoning.

Page 15: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE: Tingling or burning sensations in the mouth Rash on the face and upper body Drop in blood pressure Throbbing headache Hives and itching of skin Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea

Page 16: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

TREATMENT FOR SCOMBROID POISONING

Treatment for scombroid poisoning is generally unnecessary. Symptoms usually resolve within 12 hours and scombroid poisoning is rarely life-threatening. Treatment could include antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and cimetidine (Tagamet).

Page 17: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

HOW TO AVOID FISH POISONING

 keep the fish temperature controlled, and do not allow the fish to grow bacteria

 where the fish came from and how it was handled

All cases should be reported to improve assessment on incidence

Increase awareness of disease amongs fish handlers and consumers

Page 18: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

CONCLUSION Fish and shellfish poisonings occur on

occasion in the United States. You can protect yourself by avoiding fish and seafood caught in and around the areas of a known red tide, and by avoiding clams, mussels, and oysters during the summer months. If you are poisoned, your long-term outcome is usually quite good.

Page 19: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

THE END

Page 20: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

QUESTIONS

Page 21: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

Page 22: Evaluate the causes and sources of fish poisoning

REFERENCES http://www.nlm.nih.gov http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org http://www.cdc.com http://www.wikipedia.com http://www.google.mu http://www.nyc.gov http://umm.edu