© 2021 - Kijun Park
EV-Grid Integration and V2G technology for CN2050(1st V2G project utilizing CCS Type 1 plug)
Kijun Park ([email protected])
Korea Electric Power Research Institute
KEPCO
CONTENTS
2
KEPCO in Brief
3
KEPCO in BRIEF
KEPCO in Brief
4
Dominant player in Korea
Note: As of end of 2020; Applied USD/KRW FX rate of 1,088.0; ¹ Electric power generation for 2020: 70.5% or 373,813GWh by 6 GENCOs, and 29.5% or 156,122GWh by IPPs; ² Others include
major subsidiaries and affiliates of KEPCO other than 6 GENCOs
KEPCO in Brief
5
EVCI Market Outlook
6
CO2 Emission : Petroleum vs. Electric (USA case)
Source: http://carboncounter.com/ (Accessed on Oct. 20 2021)
EVCI Market Outlook
7
The 4th Environmental Vehicle Basic Plan (2021~2025) (23 Feb 2021)
• (Electric Vehicles) Car(Taxi) (930k) + Bus(11k)+ Truck (193k) EV 1.13 M
• (Charge Infra) DCFC at Highway center (17k) , AC L2 at Workplace and Residential (500k)
• (Incentives) Corporate K-EV100, 100% EV for Government Agencies and subsidiaries
National Plan for EV and Charging-infra
EVCI Market Outlook
8
New EV Models – 2021 and 2020
Source: http://www.danawa.com
EVCI Market Outlook
9
Source: 자동차등록현황보고 (Total Registered Motor Vehicles) http://stat.molit.go.kr/
Electric Vehicles
EVs : 5,712 (Dec., 2015) 201,520 (Sept., 2021) > 210,000 (Dec., 2021)
100,000 200,000 in 18 months, CAGR: > 80%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
-
50
100
150
200
01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11
EVCI Market Outlook
10
1st Gen.
(2010)
2nd Gen.
(2011)
3rd Gen.
(2012)
4th Gen.
(2016~)
AC L2
DCFC
6th Gen.
(2021~)
History of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)
5th Gen.
(2018~)
DC Combo (CCS type 1) (3-plug types)Chademo & J1772
EVCI Market Outlook
11
Source: https://ev.or.kr, https://evc.kepco.co.kr (KEPCO-Plug), http://keco.or.kr
(June 2021)(Mar. 2017) (Mar. 2018) (Oct. 2019) (Aug. 2020)
2143 73965213 9805 12,789
Growth of Public EV Chargers
EVSEs: 72,105 (DCFC: 12,789; AC L2: 59,316, as of June, 2021)
- KEPCO EVSE : 9,747 Units (DCFC: 3,919; AC: 5,828) at 4,040 Stations
EVs : 201,520 (Sept., 2021)
EVCI Market Outlook
12
75+ kWh class batteries (IONIQ 5, EV6, Tesla M-3, Mach-e, etc.)
Driving range of ~600 km/charge by 2025
Source: EV manufactures, KEPRI estimation
EV Driving Range Outlook (Sept., 2021)
VGI-V2G for Flexibility
Famous Duck Curve is already Realized!
© 2016 - 박기준, KIJUN PARK
CAISO Actual(March 31, 2012~2019)
Source: CASIO
CAISO Projection(2013)
13
VGI-V2G for Flexibility
14
The 9th Basic Plan for Power Supply (28 Dec, 2020)
2030, Renewable(PV, Wind) capacity Exceed 50% of peak demand
Require effective balancing resources to compensate Uncontrollable fluctuations of Renewables
(New Flexibility) V2G – EV Battery as a reserve (4.85 M EVs in 2034)
(Fluctuation measures) PH (1.8 GW), ESS (0.97 GW), Fast response resources – Fast-ESS, Sync. Compensator, Fast-DR
(2020) 20.1 GW(15.8%)
PV+Wind : ~15.7 GW
(2030) 58.0 GW(33.8%)
PV+Wind : 51.2 GW
(2034) 77.8 GW(40.9%)
PV+Wind : 70.5 GW
(2022) 29.4 GW(20.6%)
(2020년)
(2034년)
Peak Demand: 90.6 GW (17.3%) IInst. Capacity 127.8 GW (12.3%)
Peak Demand: 102.5 GW (68.8%)Inst. Capacity: 193.0 GW (36.5%)
RenewablesRenewables
Coal
Nucl.
Coal
Nucl.
Etc.
Etc.
VGI-V2G for Flexibility
Balancing of Fluctuating Renewables with EV (V2G)
15
VGI-V2G for Flexibility
16
AC/L2 Chargers of current deployment : Dumb supply of electricity and transaction function
Communication & control Smart Charging (V1G) and bi-directional power transfer (V2G)
(Fast & Flexible DR Resource)
EV Charging method
Dumb Charger Smart Charge (V1G) Bi-directional (V2G) – Fast DR
VGI-V2G for Flexibility
17
Battery Life vs. Depth of Discharge and Charge/Discharge-rate
10% of 72 kWh battery 6 kW x 1.2 Hour (At ~0.1C)
10 years x 365 days/yr. x (5/7) 2,607 discharges (~1% of Battery wear)
Battery Life vs. Depth of Discharge Battery Life vs. Charge/Discharge-rate
Source: SAFT, KEPRI
(~600,000 km)
VGI-V2G for Flexibility
18
Source: ford.com, Hyundai.com, KIA.com, genesis.com
V2L – A standard feature for new EVs
Source: ford.com, Hyundai.com, KIA.com, genesis.com
HYUNDAI IONIQ 5 : 3.6 kW (220 V, 16 A)
KIA EV6 : 3.6 kW (220 V, 16 A)
GENESIS Electrified G80 : 3.6 kW (220 V, 16 A)
GENESIS GV60 : 3.6 kW (220 V, 16 A)
FORD F-150 Lightning : 9.6 kW (120/240 V, 80 A)
GV60
IONIQ5 F-150
F-150EV6
VGI-V2G for Flexibility
19
VGI - V2G system
Driver charge NeedsMin. Battery degrade Grid & Price Signal
Controlled Charge & Discharge
Flexible-DR Resource(RE Fluctuation, Peak demand)
V2G OBC
CCM
USER App
V2G Control
CCM
MeteringGRID
EVCI Service Platform
V2G ControlSystem
ISO / DSO / DR System Driver Needs
V2G OBC
V2G Manage Sys.(Forecast, Control, Monetize)
V2G EVSE(Comm., Metering)
V2G EV & Driver(Departure time, Target SoC)
Source: KEPRI
IEC63110, OCPP2.0.1OpenADR2.0, IEEE2030, KCMVP
ISO/IEC15118, IEC61851, SAE J1772IEEE1547, EV Tech Standards,
DER interconnection Standards
VGI-V2G for Flexibility
20
EVCI Platform: EVs as a Grid Flexibility service
EVCI Service Platform
V2G EV of 10 kW x 200,000(< 1% of vehicles)
2 GW of Very Flexible Grid resource
VGI-V2G for Flexibility
21
Economics of Flexibility Resources
Category LNG Peaker Pumped Hydro BESS (Li) VGI (V2G) HVDC (VSC)
Unit Capacity 85~838 MW 200~400 MW 0.1~4 MW 20~7 kW >100 MW
Geo. Location
Occupied Area (m2/MW) ~132 1,109 25 1,785 (Parking Lot) 250 (Power Stn.)
Environmental
Construction Time 1~2 years >7 years >6 Mo. <1 Mo. >5 years
Const. Cost* (M-KRW/MW) 924 934 870 (1-hr)186
(~1.3M/Charger)3,000
Const. Cost* (M-KRW/MWh) - 116.7 470 - -
Operating Exp. (KRW/kW/year) 43,476 12,500(~10 Bill krw/site)
- - (>1 Bill krw/year)
T&D Class 154kV, 345kV 345kV 22.9kV / 154 kV 220V, 380V 154kV, 345kV
Ramp rate (MW/min) 12~88 100~200 >MW/ms ~ kW/sec. (per EV) >MW/ms
RT Efficiency 50~64% 72~81% >81% >85% ~98%
Fuel cost (krw/kWh) 92 SMP** SMP** EV Charge rate SMP**
Gen./Dischg. Cost (KRW/kWh)130
(160~99.3)
144.5(204~106)
- - -
Source GE YECHEON PH. KEPCO KEPRI JEJU #2 (200MW)
* Excluding T&D and LNG terminal investment ** SMP-System Marginal Price (1M-KRW ~ US$870)
KEPCO V2G Project
22
V1G Smart Charging Demonstration (Aug., 2020~Mar., 2022)
Objectives : Testing of Smart Charging control system, Effectiveness of DR operation
Period : Aug., 2020 ~ February, 2022 (12 Months++)
Scale : V1G EVSE: 100 units, EV 135 (Commercial: 61 (8 branches), Individuals: 64)
Contents : VGI Control System, User APP, V1G EVSE, KEPCO 3.0 Protocol
KEPCO V2G Project
23
V2G Demonstration (Nov., 2021~ Oct., 2022)
E V : Hyundai IONIQ 5, 100 units (V2G Function Modification)
EVSE : AC V2G EVSE (ULVAC), DC V2G EVSE (Signet EV) 100 Units
- AC V2G EVSE : Charge 7kW / Discharge 5kW - Individual Customers
- DC V2G EVSE : Charge 20kW / Discharge 20kW - Commercial or Buildings
V2G Control System: KEPRI K-VGI System (KEPCO 3.0 & ISO15118/Draft protocol)
Hyundai IONIQ 5 (Modify) AC V2G EVSE DC V2G EVSE
or
K-VGI Control System User App
24
감사합니다
Thank you
© 2021 - 박기준, Kijun Park
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