Adewale Banjo, PhD
©Adewale Banjo 2013 UNISA
Schoolof Business Leadership 1
Over 1.78 million private security officers are
registered in South Africa
( SAnews.gov.za, 31 January 2013)
Registered & unregistered officers put
together may push the total figures in excess
of 2million
Thus PSS is a significant player in the SA`s
public safety and security sector, hence it is
one of the 7 chambers/sub-sectors of
SASETA.
©Adewale Banjo UNISA School of
Business Leadership 2
◦ To identify values, challenges & critical trends in SA`s private security.
◦ To identify skills gaps in the sector & propose possible options in addressing the development of skills in the sector.
◦ To highlight the value of research and training in the PSS and other security sub-sectors in SA.
©Adewale Banjo UNISA School of
Business Leadership 3
The collapse of apartheid & reforms/restructuring in the state security sector.
Labour push arising from the above,& the attraction of lucrative security contracts, especially those offered by MNCs
Impact of globalization, privatization & the
limits of the State Police
Increasing commodification of private security services, due to the rise of new threat & sophistication in criminal activities.
©Adewale Banjo 2013 UNISA School
of Business Leadership 4
Traditional paradigm
Use of force & violence (military, war) by actors (states, governments, non-state
actors)to achieve a particular objective (survival: power, disruption, control)
State autonomy & preservation
State to state relations predominate & linkage between the military & state security
Anything that threatens survival is a security issue
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Business Leadership 5
Broadening of paradigm since 1980s.
Richard Ullman (1983), “Redefining security”. International Security
Barry Buzan (1983, 1991), People, states & fear
UN Brandt Commission (1980), North-South: A Programme for Survival
UN (2003), Human security now: protecting and empowering people
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Business Leadership 6
UNDP Human Development Index (HDI) (Quality of life, longevity, education, political accommodation & participation)
Political Terror Scale (PTS) (University of North Carolina): Level 1: secure rule, no political prisoners & torture to Level 5: Political murder & terror with national impact
Political Stability and Absence of Violence Index (World Bank): probability of violent overthrow of government
Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (Uppsala University, Sweden): Human security & Mini-Atlas of Human Security
©Adewale Banjo UNISA School of
Business Leadership 7
Complement's National Security apparatus
Provides employment for millions
Visible security presence is enhanced
Contributes to economic and human development
The PSS adds value in the effort towards Human Security
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Minimum human security: Freedom from fear, want & discrimination(Protection of disruption of daily lives).
Maximum human security
Freedom to improve quality of live
Citizen/people empowerment. Tolerance of diversity.
Enhancement of tolerance & respect for diversity
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Business Leadership 9
Increasing violent service delivery protests
Drug Lordism & substance abuse
Mercenaries & clandestine operations
Terrorism
Organize crime networks-Human trafficking
Cybercrime-419, peadofilism
Labour strikes & unrest
Schools & Campus violence
Violent robberies e.g cash heist(Bullion Van)
Political killings & election-related violence
Farm violence & killings
Xenophobic attacks
©Adewale Banjo UNISA School of
Business Leadership 10
Perception of competing against the State Police
Perception of lack of skills, poor education & training.
Perception poor management & leadership
Possible infiltration by anti-state & criminal elements
The sector has been perceived as a source of insecurity
Lack of public trust & moral deficit
Perceived as self-serving sector & can be hijacked to service group-interest.
©Adewale Banjo UNISA School of
Business Leadership 11
According to Police Minister, Mr N.Mthethwa:
"There have been a number of problematic instances
of abusive, corrupt and incompetent behaviour and
in some instances, even outright public scandals
involving private security personnel in many
countries during the past years, clearly
demonstrating the pressing need for regulation."
SA Police Minister Nathi Mthethwa has proposed amendments to laws governing private
security sector in South Africa
Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill
(approved by Cabinet) changes regulation of private
security industry and recruitment.
©Adewale Banjo UNISA School of
Business Leadership 12
(i)WRITING,COMMUNICATION & READING SKILLS
(ii)INTERPERSONAL SKILL
(iii) MONITORING, EVALUATION & MANAGEMENT SKILLS
(iv) INVESTIGATION & ANALYTICAL SKILL
LOGIC & BASIC INTELLIGENCE SKILL
(v) PHYSICAL FITNESS & EXERCISE SKILL
(vi) BASIC LEGAL SKILL
(vii) IT & SOCIAL SKILLS
(viii) PUBLIC ORDER & SURVEILANCE TRAINING
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Business Leadership 13
Re-establishing the values & gaps in SA Private security sector
The interrelationships of various security spheres & impact on National Security
Reviewing security architecture in the AU/SADC Region in the context of New threats
New security concerns and response analysis
Skills & Capacity Analysis in the Private Security Sector
Private Security Sector: Stakeholders, Trends & Drivers.
©Adewale Banjo UNISA School of
Business Leadership 14
Introduction to security studies
Public order management Course
Threat Perception & Basic Intelligence Course
Advance Security Governance & Strategic Studies
Basic Security Skills, Etiquette & Protocols
Emergency & Disaster Management Course
Security Facility & Maintenance Management
Basic Investigation & Legal Skills
The State, the Law & Civil Defence Course
©Adewale Banjo UNISA School of
Business Leadership 15
In conclusion let me quote the the Minister
again:
“Private security industry should be regulated
with a view to ensure that it performed its
functions in a manner that is consistent with
democracy….it must be an accountable and
effective private security industry that can
help increase security and safety.“
But I wish to add that the above can only be
achieved through regular research and
relevant training & skilling programmes.
©Adewale Banjoi 2010 UNISA School
of Business Leadership 16
©Adewale Banjo 2013 UNISA
Schoolof Business Leadership 17
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