Energy-saving technologies for refrigerated rolling stock that meets international environmental standards
VNIIZhT (Russian Railway Research Institute)
S.N. Naumenko, Doctor of Technical Sciences,
Head Department of Railway Electrification and Power Supply, VNIIZhT
Accelerated method of determining the coefficient of heat transmission in the body of a refrigerated transport vehicle
Aim: to reduce (several times) the length of time taken to conduct tests
Area of application: bodies of refrigerated transport vehicles (wagons, containers, motor vehicles, locomotives, aeroplanes…)
• Reducing length of time for tests
• Reducing energy consumption
• Increasing productivity of test stations
Comparison of duration of tests
Advantages of the method:
Technological tests of locomotive cabin at test station
Tests of refrigerated transport vehicles are conducted in accordance with the “Agreement on international transport of perishable foodstuff products on special transport vehicles designed for this transport”, ratified by 40 countries
Fig.Fig. 1. 1. A layer of oil on the surface of the heat exchanger prevents heat loss.A layer of oil on the surface of the heat exchanger prevents heat loss. Fig. 2. Modifier molecules extract oil molecules from the surface layer, thereby increasing the Fig. 2. Modifier molecules extract oil molecules from the surface layer, thereby increasing the coefficient of heat loss.coefficient of heat loss.
FreonFreon
OilOil
ModifierModifier
Energy-saving mechanisms in refrigeration
Results of experiments on ZIL domestic refrigerators
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Hours
kWh
per
day
R12
R12 LE
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Hours
Rel
ativ
e po
wer
con
sum
ptio
nС10М
M 1LE
R12
Addition of “LE” modifier to R12 monofreon reduces power consumption by 8–12%
Addition of “LE” modifier to C10M1 mixed freon reduces power consumption by 8% on average
Relative power consumption by ZIL 64 refrigerator
ZIL 277 refrigerators’ energy consumption
Energy-saving technology is being introduced on the railway network
M1LE freon in the MAB-II air conditioning unit
LE class freons were awarded a diploma and gold medal at the 57th World Innovation Salon (Brussels, 2004)
Refrigeration units’ energy consumption rates
• In developed countries, various types of refrigerating machines consume up to 15% and more of the annual total energy generated.
• In the USA, such expenditure exceeds the total energy produced in France in one year, and a 1 per cent saving in the energy consumption of Canada’s refrigeration installations could save 100,000 tonnes of oil per year.
• The rate of growth in the refrigerated climate equipment market in some countries is reaching 20–30% per year.
• Russia is experiencing a steady rate of growth – 25% per year.
Design of 52PzV-350 AGM sealed battery with thermostatic control
1 – accumulator block2 – electrodes block3 – metal radiator4 – heating element5, 6 – accumulator block electrodes7 – thermoswitch8 – actuator (starter) component9 – support grid for electrodes10 – accumulator block cover11 – connecting wires with protective insulation
Change in charging rate and charge of wagon (sealed) normal type PzV350-400 (Gel and AGM) lead-acid accumulators
Meeting of the Russian Railways fuel and energy section|04 August 2011
70
50
2 4 6 8
Uch
Ich
I, A
0
30
40
60
t, hour
2,7
2,6
2,5
2,4
2,3
U3, Вwhen t = - 40оС
Qоtd -15Аh
Meeting of the Russian Railways fuel and energy section|04 August 2011
70
50
2 4 6 8
Uch
Ich
I, A
0
30
40
60
t, hour
2,7
2,6
2,5
2,4
2,3
U3, В
Qоtd -150Аh
when Т=-40оС
Change in charging rate and charge of wagon (sealed) accumulators after modernisation
System concept
CONVERTER
Reefers line
Reefers line socket at terminal
Train line socket at terminal
Train line
17
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