Energy and Economy
Transition California’s energy system to a highly efficient, renewables-based system and electrify transportation.
Why Promote This Transition?
Transitioning our energy system means jobs. Clean tech jobs grew 53% between1995 and 2010, compared
with CA’s overall job growth of 12%.
This transition saves consumers money. Ratepayers have saved $56 billion since 1978 through
energy efficiency, and will save an additional $23 billion through 2013.
It is needed to meet our long term climate goals:
80% reduction in GHG pollution by
2050 requires fundamental changes.
Installed Capacity
Figure 1 shows the amount of renewable generation for California, excluding large hydro, from 1982-2009 as well as estimates of the amount of renewable generation needed to meet the renewable targets. The graph also shows the amount of renewable energy that could be expected if all investor and public utility renewables portfolio standard contracts are realized and scenarios if 30 or 40 percent of the contracts fail.
California’s three large IOUs collectively served 20.6% (33, 967,249 MWhs) of their 2011 retail electricity sales with renewable power.• PG&E – 20%• SDG&E – 20%• SCE – 21%
Permitted Projects in 2010-2011 (Land Use Permits)
Source: California Energy Commission renewable energy projects data base
Permitted Projects W/PPA Agreement 2010-2012
Source: California Energy Commission renewable energy projects data base
Installed Capacity Utility Scale Generation
Contracted Capacity Expected 2011-2012
2011-2012 Expected Utility Scale Renewables (MW) – 8,014
Locations of existing utility scale renewable facilities
Transmission
Major transmission projects can be identified through the California Independent System Operator (ISO) large generator interconnection process (LGIP).
The ISO has identified and approved key transmission projects that provide sufficient capacity to enable the state to achieve the 33% renewables target by 2020, as illustrated in the following table and map:
Transmission
Demand Response
Energy Efficiency |
Current Goal0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
8,518 MW 8,518 MW
6,500 MW
Combined Heat and Power Generation in California
CHP Generation by Utility
PG&E SCE SMUD SDG&E LADWP Other0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
4,768 MW
2,580 MW
464 MW 363 MW 294 MW49 MW
Source: CEC and CPUC data compiled in ICF report “Combined Heat and Power Market Assessment Updated 2011”
Total Existing Charging Stations in California (As of November 2011)
Residential (3700)
Public (1100)
Electrical Vehicle Charging Stations in California (Existing and Planned) (As of November 2011)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
4000
5050
2730
4000
4800
ExistingSouth CoastSan DiegoBay AreaCEC
Estimated Plug-In Electrical Vehicles Sold in California in 2011
8,500
Existing Energy Storage in California
The vast majority (~99%) of existing storage capacity in California is from pumped hydro.
•Pumped Hydro: 3,950 MW1
•Batteries: 10 MW+2
•Flywheel: ~0.1 MW2
•Compressed Air: 0 MW2
1 Source: California Energy Commission Energy Almanac2 Source: California Energy Commission staff estimates
Pumped Hydro Capacity (MW)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Bureau of ReclamationSCEDWRPG&ELADWP
California Pumped Hydro Capacity by Owner
Energy Storage Projects in the Pipeline
ARRA-funded projects:•PG&E compressed air energy storage project (Kern Co.)- 300 MW•Primus Power zinc-chloride battery “wind firming” project (Modesto)- 25 MW•SCE lithium ion battery wind energy storage project (Tehachapi)- 8 MW•SMUD zinc-bromine battery project (Sacramento)- 0.5 MW•Ktech iron-chromium redox flow battery project (Sunnyvale, Snelling)- 0.25 MW•Amber Kinetics flywheel project (Fremont)- 0.05 MW•Seeo lithium ion battery project (Berkeley, Van Nuys)- 0.25 MWh
End use thermal storage:•Ice Energy Inc. signed contract in 2010 to provide 53 MW of ice cooling storage to Southern California Public Power Authority
Longer term possibilities for energy storage include hydrogen, ultracapacitors, and electric vehicle batteries
How much DG is already in place?
Total Online: 2,767 MW
Total Pending:
1,698 MW
Current DG Total
4,465 MW
Total “Authorized
”4,518 MW
??3,017 MW
Governor’s Goal
12,000 MW
Elements of energy transformation
1. Improve energy efficiency and reduce energy demand
2. Develop a cleaner, more responsive energy supply
3. Implement an efficient and responsive energy infrastructure
4. Reduce emissions from the transportation sector
(Source: California Clean Energy Future)
Developing a cleaner energy supply: Renewables of all sizes are needed
Electricity demand will increase: population growth and electrified transportation.
Along with energy demand programs, we will need more power. A recent report estimated the state’s solar energy capacity
must increase 12% and its wind capacity 7.5% every year between now and 2050 to meet electricity demand increases while meeting our long-term climate goal.
Governor Brown has called for expansion of both large-scale and small-scale energy (aka “Distributed Generation”)
What’s Distributed Generation?
Energy systems that:1. Are renewable (technologies and fuels
accepted as renewable in state’s RPS)2. Are sized up to 20 MW3. Are located within the low-voltage
distribution grid; or if outside of the distribution grid, supply power directly to the consumer.
Important elements of our DG portfolio
The state’s DG portfolio should achieve the following:
Increase the flexibility and reliability of utilities’ distribution grids and the state’s overall energy system.
Work in conjunction with other key state energy initiatives, including energy storage, demand response and electrified transportation.
Include a range of renewable technologies, including both intermittent and base-load energy sources.
Is delivered in a cost-effective manner that provides long term benefits to energy consumers and ratepayers.
Develops renewable energy resources in communities across the state.
Challenge 1: Grid Planning and Integration
Need: Update the state’s distribution grids in a manner that allows for integration of more DG.
Actions: Thorough analysis of where may DG bolster or
add risk to electric grid. What grid upgrades are
needed? How to build grid “flexibility”
(Energy storage, Demand Response)
Challenge 2: Interconnection Process
Need: Enable efficient interconnections of DG projects to the energy grid.
Actions: Implement Rule 21 settlement Coordination with utilities’
procurement Interconnection queue that
includes realistic projects Education and interaction
Challenge 3: Permitting
Goal: Streamline and standardize local approval of DG projects.
Actions: Update state codes for solar PV Help local governments
streamlining and standardize approval process
Maps and Zoning? Clarity and consistency
Challenge 4: Financing
Goal: Increase investment in all sizes of DG.Actions: #1: Continuity and certainty within procurement
programs and regulations. Support (expand?) promising financing
programs on-bill repayment commercial PACE programs Innovative customer side financing Schools
Resolve barrier to residential PACE
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