Define Emotion Positive or negative experience that is
associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity
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Would you like to never be sad again? What is the role of
emotion in society? Your life? Would you like to never be sad
again? What is the role of emotion in society? Your life? Complete
Handout 8B-2
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Cartoon Analysis Activity
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Theories of Emotions James-Lange Theory
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Theories of emotions James-Lange Theory
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Theories of emotions James-Lange Theory
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Other examples Sad because we cry Angry because we hit Afraid
because we tremble
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Analysis of James-Lange Falls Short Support 1) Pounding heart
can mean many things 2) autonomic nervous system isnt fast
enoughi.e., blush and embarrassment happen at the same timehow can
one be causing the other. 3) We have difficulty detecting changes
in autonomic functioning Quadriplegics experience dulled sense of
emotion
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Theories of emotions Cannon-Bard Theory
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Theories of emotions Cannon-Bard Theory
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Theories of emotions Two-Factor Theoryemotions are inferences
of similar bodily states Schachter-Singer
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Theories of emotions Two-factor Theory o Schachter-Singer
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Theories of emotions Two-factor Theory o Schachter-Singer
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Theories of emotions
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Support for 2-Factor When people work out (i.e., activate
autonomic nervous system) they find attractive people more
attractive, annoying people more annoying, laugh harder at jokes,
etc Why action movies always end as love stories Cognitive
misattribution
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Criticisms Zajonc (ZY-unz) o infants copy emotion and express
emotion without cognition o Thereforecognition follows emotion
Izard o James-Lange was correct o Adds facial expression and bodily
movement/posture in addition to nervous system o We control our own
emotional response? Autonomic nervous system more intricate than we
thought We can now measure galvanic skin response and heart rate
with more precision o Fear and disgust=higher galvanic skin
response than sadness or anger o Anger=higher fingertip temp than
fear
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Biofeedback/Learning Applications Military trainingcontrol
breathing, heart rate, etc =reduced fear? (James-Lange) Stress,
meditation, yoga, etcimpact on emotions?
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The effects of facial expressions...(Izard) Can we cure
depression through botox? Fake it until you make it 9 of 10
participants no longer showed symptoms of clinical depression two
months after treatment
Regulating Emotion Complete handout 8B-4 Reappraisalchanging
emotional experience by changing meaning of stimulus (2-factor)
Suppressiondealing with emotion later High scores of reappraisal =
greater experience of positive emotions and better interpersonal
functioning
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Experienced Emotion 8B-11AIM- How intense are your emotions?
High scores tend to have more complex goals and report more
psycho-physiological distress symptoms 8B-12PANAS Scales o Positive
affect and negative affect
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Facial Expressions Paul Ekman o Expressions that last for less
than half second and more than 5 are most likely insincere o Less
symmetrical and abrupt expressions are insincere Evolutionary? o
Cross-cultural o Blind from birth display emotions same way
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Disgust Scientists have discovered that those with Huntingtons
Disease (neurodegenerative disease) cant recognize facial
expressions for disgust
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Envy/Jealousy Handout 8B-16 All cultures have a word for
envy...it is culturally pervasive
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Fear S.M.a woman studied at the University of Iowa has a
degenerative disease of the amygdala and has no fear. Can we be
scared to death? o Yes. o Adrenaline and catecholamine
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Anger Does catharsis really work? Fried Green Tomatoes
8B-19Anger Discomfort Scale
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Sadness Tahitians do not have words for sadness, loneliness,
longing Perceived as a sickness (linguistic determinism?) Also have
many more words for anger and fear than English but rarely express
themdoes the ability to articulate emotion result in better
emotional management?
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Happiness Handout 8B-21What makes you happy? SciAm Mind:
Pursuit of Happiness Adaptation-level phenomenonif you go from
making $50,000/year to $500,000 your happiness will adapt as
develop a new norm Relative Deprivation better or worse than
comparison group
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Stress and Health 8B-25: (SUS) 8B-26: (Response to Stress)
8B-29: (Type D Personality) Circular pattern of extended stress o
Cortisol o Adrenaline o Repeat
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Stress The process by which we perceive and respond to certain
events. GAS (Seyle)General Adaptation Syndromealarm, resistance,
exhaustion
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Biological Perspective/Stress Health PsychologyPNI o
Psychoneuroimmunology psychological, neural, endocrine systems
effect health and immune system o Growing field
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Review: Explain why we experience emotion from the 7
perspectives of psychology.