11th European Symposium on Electrochemical Engineering 1
11th European Symposium onElectrochemical Engineering
Prague, Czech Republic, 6th June 2017
Electrochemical energy storage for renewable energy integration: zinc-air flow batteries
Belén AmunáteguiTÉCNICAS REUNIDAS
11th European Symposium on Electrochemical Engineering 2
Demonstration of a low cost and environmentally
friendly Zinc Air Energy Storage System for renewable
energy integration
LIFE13ENV/ES/001159
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1. Objectives
2. Partners
3. Renewable energy integration
4. ZAESS technology
5. ZAESS project results
6. Environmental impacts of ZAESS technology
7. Achievements and challenges
Contents
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Objectives
Scalability
PerformanceCost estimates
Environmentalimpact
Legal &Regulatory Dissemination
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Objectives
Scalability
PerformanceCost estimates
Environmentalimpact
Legal &Regulatory Dissemination
1kW
1MW
Benefits for thereduction of CO2
emissions
Constructionand operation
Largescale
facilities
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Objectives
ScalabilityPerformance
Costestimates
Environmentalimpact
Legal &
RegulatoryDissemination
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EPCGeneral contractor
Oil&Gas
Power Environment &
Civil Eng.
Proprietary
Technologies
8,000Employees
3.150 million € sales
95%Non-domestic
market
50countries
7ºOil&Gas
7ºLatin America
3ºMiddle East
Técnicas Reunidas
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Técnicas Reunidas
PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
EnergyStorage
Biorefineries
Environment
Hydrometallurgy
5.000 m2, 60 employees Pilot Plants
Workshop Chemical Analysis
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� National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)
� Founded in 2002, 100 M€ total investment in research facilities
� 2015: Budget 19 m€ (60% self-financing), 190 employees
CENER
Biomass
Energy
WindEnergy
Solar PV
Energy
Solar ThermalEnergy
RenewableEnergy
Integration
Energy inBuildings
Wind Turbine Laboratory(Sangüesa)
2G BiofuelsLaboratory
(Aoiz)
Headquarters(Sarriguren)
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Renewable energy integration I
WHY?
� The consumption of electricity has to be perfectlymatched with the generation of electricity. Energystorage can help deal with fluctuations in demandand generation .
� Energy storage can contribute to better use ofrenewable energy in the electricity system since it canstore energy produced when the conditions forrenewable energy are good but demand may be low (othe other way round).
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Renewable energy integration III
HOW?
http://ease-storage.eu/energy-storage/technologies/
Source: EuropeanAssociation for Storage of Energy:
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Renewable energy integration III
HOW?
ZAESS
technology
http://ease-storage.eu/energy-storage/technologies/
Source: EuropeanAssociation for Storage of Energy:
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ZINC-AIR FLOW BATTERY• Safe• Low cost• Environmentally friendly
ZAESS technology I
Negative
Positive
Cell E0 = 1,6 V
CHARGE
Zinc electrodeposition
Oxygen evolution4��� ⇄ �� � 2��� � 4�
���� ����2� ⇄ � � 4���
2������ �⇄ 2� � �� � 2��� � 4���
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ZINC-AIR FLOW BATTERY• Safe• Low cost• Environmentally friendly
ZAESS technology I
Negative
Positive
Cell E0 = 1,6 V
DISCHARGE
Zinc dissolution
Oxygen reduction�� � 2��� � 4� ⇄ 4���
� � 4��� ⇄ ���� ����2�
2� � �� � 2��� � 4��� ⇄ 2������ �
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ZAESS technology II
(-) Nickel sheet
(+) Nickel mesh
(+) Gas diffusion electrode
Non-optimal, adds mechanical complexity and cost
Robust solution to evaluate system performance (Baseline)
3-electrode solution:
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ZAESS technology III
Power 1 kW
Energy 4 kWh
Voltage 20 V
Current 50 A
Capacity 200Ah
Electrolyte 1.000 L
DoD 20-40%
3 stacks x 20 cells x 500 cm2
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ZAESS technology IV
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ZAESS project results I
� Maximum power: 0,82 kW at 65 A (43 mA/cm2)
� Maximum energy stored: 3,13 kWh at 15 A (10 mA/cm2)
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ZAESS project results II
� Solar (FP5 project, ENK6-CT-2001-80576) - test
Capacity -Ah (orange), current -A(blue)
Solar generation, Spain, 27/5/2017
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ZAESS project results III
� Solar (FP5 project, ENK6-CT-2001-80576) - results
Capacity 52 Ah
Energy 1,14 kWh
Average discharge
voltage
22 V
Average discharge
current
20,4 A
Efficiency 35%
Capacity -Ah (yellow), current -A(green)
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ZAESS project results IV
� Wind (FP5 project, ENK6-CT-2001-80576) - test
Capacity -Ah (orange), current -A(blue)
Wind generation, Spain, 27/5/2017
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ZAESS project results V
� Wind (FP5 project, ENK6-CT-2001-80576) - results
Capacity -Ah (yellow), current -A(green)
Capacity 150 Ah
Energy 2,82
kWh
Average
discharge voltage
18,8 V
Average
discharge current
20,1 A
Efficiency 40%
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ZAESS project results VI
� Durability
Cycles 2000
Time 750 h
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ZAESS project results VI
� Durability
BoT effiency
Coulombic 82%
Voltage 48%
Roundtrip 34%
EoT efficiency
Coulombic 68%
Voltage 34%
Roundtrip 24%
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Achievements and challenges
� Technical viability
� Security
BUT
� Efficiency
� Durability
� Bifunctional air electrode
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Environmental impacts of ZAESS technology I
� Life cycle assesment (LCA)
LCA is a tool that reviews and evaluates the environmental impacts of aproduct or service throughout all stages of life, i.e. extraction,production, distribution, use and recycling or disposal.
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Environmental impacts of ZAESS technology II
� 1MW-4hours battery carbon footprint
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Renewableenergy
Energy mix
Anode
Cathode
Separator
Cell frames
Electrolyte
Electrolyte tank
Piping
BMS
Transport
Use
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
G C
O2E
Q/K
WH
DE
LIV
ER
ED
EXTRACTION AND MANUFACTURING EXTRACTION, MANUFACTURING, TRANSPORT AND USE
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Questions
Project founded by the European Commission under the LIFE+ program. Project LIFE13 ENV/ES/001159
http://www.zaess.eu/[email protected]
http://ddtp.tecnicasreunidas.es/
TÉCNICAS REUNIDAS – Proprietary Technology Developmen t Division
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