ELDO: an ontology for the ELDO: an ontology for the cataloguing of eLearning cataloguing of eLearning
DesignDesign
by Marcello Giacomantonio7th European Conference on e-Learning
Grecian Bay Hotel, Agia Napa, Cyprus6-7 November 2008
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
2/22
LOR Learning Object LOR Learning Object Repositories on the webRepositories on the web
… many courseware repositories appearing on the web with communities facilitating the liaison users/suppliers…
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
3/22
An eLearning Design An eLearning Design OntologyOntology
eLDOeLearning Design Ontology
CERTE – Omniacom
ILORItalian Learning Object Repository
PLORPegasus LMS® LOR
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
4/22
Two different path to PLOR Two different path to PLOR metadata definitionmetadata definition
Top-down• ELDUM model• ELDO ontology
Bottom-up• Faculty Catalogue
• Dublin Core Metadata• SCORM LOM
PLOM 3
PLOM 3Pegasus LOM
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
5/22
Bottom-up logic to PLOM Bottom-up logic to PLOM structure definitionstructure definition
Didactic materials database
Dublin CoreMetadata Initiative
PLOM 1
PLOM 1First draft
SCORM 2004PLOM 2
PLOM 2Second draft
Top-down
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
6/22
PLOM1 – Pegasus Learning PLOM1 – Pegasus Learning Object Object
28 Metadata – 1st formulation28 Metadata – 1st formulation General data Content data Context dataID [DC Identifier]Title [DC ≡]Author [DC Creator]Contributor [DC]Editor [DC ≡]Edition year [DC~]Language [DC ≡]Format [DC ≡]Format
characteristics [P]Rights [DC]
Covering [DC]Subject [DC]Description [DC]Key word [P]Type [DC Type]Relationship [DC]Source [DC]
-----------------------------DC = Dublin CoreP = Pegasus LOM
Utilization mode [P]Course [P]Recipients [P]Course year [P]Academic year [P]Teaching [P]Teacher (1,2,3, n) [P]CFU * (University
Credits) [P]Hours [P]Content tutor [P]Classroom tutor [P]
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
7/22
SCORM Learning Object SCORM Learning Object MetadataMetadata
The tree diagram illustrates how the LOM model is divided into 9 main categories and a myriad of subcategories. At the beginning the LOM model has been elaborated by the IEEE, then they were further elaborated by the IMS Global Learning Consortium and finally the ADL for the SCORM model.
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
8/22
extractionof terms
semanticclustering
Ontology Learning
tokening
morphemicanalysis
tagging & chunking
syntactic dependencie
s analysis
texts
Linguistic analysis module
Knowledge Markup
semanticmarkup
Pegasus OKM Semantic Pegasus OKM Semantic AnalyserAnalyser
Pegasus LMS® OKM semantic analyser operates as a production line on the text submitted to analysis. It produces a glossary, a thesaurus and then utilise them to mark up the documents analysed.
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
9/22
Indexes for an affective Indexes for an affective research in OKMresearch in OKM
GRI high, DRI high
The document represents the collection well and deals with arguments central to it
GRI high, DRI low
The document boarders on the topic area and deals with collateral arguments
GRI low, DRI high
The document is very focused on a marginal argument of the topic area, the fact in itself could be positive
GRI low, DRI low
The term considered is not significant, if the values are very low it would be better to increase the threshold values in order to avoid this type of document
GRI = Glossary Relevance Index DRI = Document Relevance Index
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
10/22
Why not to stop here?Why not to stop here?
• Having reached this point, the bottom-up process in no longer satisfactory.
• There is too high a risk of the LOR missing out important topic areas or that of starting to do so through its own development.
• Next step is to create a general map that will allow us in the future to proceed with all types of cataloguing.
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
11/22
Top-down logic to PLOM Top-down logic to PLOM structure definitionstructure definition
ELDUMeLearning Design
Unified Model
ELDO eLearning Design
Ontology
Bottom-upPLOM 3
PLOM 3Final structure
Descriptionlogic
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
12/22
The many ontologies in the The many ontologies in the eLearning fieldeLearning field
• Not an “eLearning ontology” – but an ontology to classify “eLearning design”
• To implement a tool for ontology buiding – Protégé + OWL
• From ELDO (eLearning Design Ontoloogy) to PLOM 3 (Pegasus LO Metadata)
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
13/22
The way to design a mapThe way to design a map
The eLearning Design (eLD) thematic area has been segmented into four distinct areas, partly inspired by the metadata of the two versions already elaborated (PLOM1 and PLOM2):
• the context in which the course is realized: recipients, ‘destinants’ (addressees), current expertise required, etc.
• the organization providing the course, be it a university, company training sector, etc., along with the structure and available services
• the didactic project with its various components• didactic strategies applied
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
14/22
ELDUM eL Design Unified ELDUM eL Design Unified ModelModel
• The many corpora building up a corpus– context
• Competencies analysis
– training organization• Structure and services
– eLearning Design• The design of the
eLearning project
– training strategy• Methodologies
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
15/22
ELDUMELDUM
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
16/22
A complete integrated A complete integrated learning model: taking over learning model: taking over
eLearningeLearning
Online LC (learning content)
Online LS (learning services)
OnsiteSelf
paced
Integrated model
Face-to-face
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
17/22
Working about the unified Working about the unified modelmodel
Online
Onsite
Self-directed Directed
At home/At home/Working placeWorking place
LCLC LSLS
Into the Into the classroomclassroom
CoP
aLearnbLearn WBT
bLearn LMS
eLearn self
eLearn VL
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
18/22
Variability of the educational Variability of the educational strategies from LC (directed) to LS strategies from LC (directed) to LS
(self-directed) (self-directed)
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
19/22
Why an ontology for ILOR Why an ontology for ILOR
• An ontology – Is an explicit and formalised description of a
simplified ad abstract vision (model) of the world (thematic area) we want to represent.
– Improves model affordability and gives tools for maintenance
– Owns internal tools to support model building (DL and reasoner)
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
20/22
How to build up ELDOHow to build up ELDO
• Define– Classes (concepts, entities, nodes, etc.)– Properties (relations, arches, etc.)– Individuals (constraints)
• Describe– Properties by instances of description logic
(DL)
• Utilise– Inferential mechanisms
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
21/22
What is Description Logic DLWhat is Description Logic DL
• A set of formalism to represent knowledge based on logic– Describe a domain in terms of concepts (classes),
roles (properties, relationships) and individuals
• Distinguished by:– Formal semantics (typically model theoretic)– Provision of inference services
• Decision procedures for key problems (satisfiability, subsumption, etc)
• Implemented systems (highly optimised)[I. Horrocks]
ELDO - eLearning Design Ontology - M.Giacomantonio
22/22
L’autoreL’autore
• Marcello Giacomantonio– [email protected]– Chi è mg
• http://www.wbt.it/index.php?pagina=269
– Il consorzio Omniacom• http://www.omniacom.org/index.php?pagina=6
– Chi è Wbt.it• http://www.wbt.it/index.php?pagina=18
– iGeL – Il Giornale dell’eLearning• http://www.wbt.it/index.php?pagina=9
– Il libro ”Learning object”• http://www.learningobject.info/
Top Related