SHOULD PEOPLE IN CANADA RESPOND TO THE LEGACIES OF HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION?
Effects of Historical Globalization
Cecil Rhodes
Cape-Cairo railway project. Founded the De Beers Mining Company and owned the British South Africa Company, which established Rhodesia for itself. He liked to "paint the map British red", and declared: "all of these stars ... these vast worlds that remain out of reach. If I could, I would annex other planets".
Key Vocabulary
LegacyHistorical ContemporaryCultural contactColonialAnnihilationAssimilationImperialismColonyUrbanizationEthnocentrism
Empire Expansion Sovereignty Paternalism Exploitation Expeditions Cultural
Diffusion Multinational Paternalism Nationalism
Historical Globalization
First Peoples lived all across North America creating dynamic societies, with traditions, cultures, values and beliefs
The Age of Exploration (1400s) Rapid advances in transportation
technology that lead to ships that were stronger, safer, and easier to navigate and travel for longer distances
Also known as Age of DiscoveryEuropeans arrive over 500 years
ago and forge economic, social and political relationships
Cultural Contact
Cultures began to interact as they learned from one another through the exchange goods, technology, knowledge and ideas
Stealing Mary (The last red Indians - Beothuk)
Aeta and Cultural Contact pg 118
The New worldBlack RobeThe MissionThe Conquest of Paradise
Goods FursFoodFish
TimberMinerals
GoodsMetal items
Manufactured trade goods (buttons,
alcohol, needles)FirearmHorses
Clothing, blanketsFarm implements
Knowledge/Technology
Local agricultureLocal wildlifeLocal natural
resourcesLocal hunting and fishing techniquesLocal medicinesLocal geography
Knowledge/TechnologyIndustrial technology
PrintingFirearms
Manufacturing
First Nations Cultures European Cultures
The Age of Imperialism1880-1914
Imperialism is the movement by major powers to dominate unattached states
The stronger nation takes over politically, economically, and culturally
The Sun never set on the British Empire
At peak Britain controlled 1/5th of world’s population & 1/4th of world’s land surface
mid 1800s Britain was most powerful country in world but other European powers & the USA were challenging that superiority
The Race for Colonies heats up
The French and Dutch expanded their holdings and by 1900 France had an empire that came second only to Britain's
Spain and Portugal attempted to build new empires in Africa
Austria-Hungary moved into the BalkansRussia expanded into the Caucasus,
Central Asia and SiberiaBelgium, Italy and Germany all took over
lands in Africa as well as East Asia and the Pacific Islands
The USA and Japan took interest in East Asia
The USA was deeply tied to Latin America
Europeans altered the way of life on every continent
Use the map key and label the countries coloured, colour code them based on the empire they belonged to and and be sure to create a legend
Motives for Imperialism
What economic, social and political ideas contributed to the rise of imperialism?
National Pride/NationalismReligious or Social Superiority Economic Desire for a better life/SocialAdventure and CuriosityPolitical Humanitarian/Cultural
National Pride
Nationalism and competition for international power
Greatness of a nation was measured by size of its empires and the greater the nation the more proud you would be
Greek Empire, Arab Empire, Ottoman Empire, Persian Empire, Inca Empire, Aztec Empire, Mongol Empire
How would you feel?
One of the eastern provinces in Canada came to Alberta to “civilize” us?
Humanitarian/Cultural
Ethnocentric (think your culture is best), especially, eurocentric (European culture is best) attitudes
Social Darwinism Bring a more civilized way of life
to other non European continents
Rudyard Kipling’s White Man’s Burden
White man’s burden was subtitle The Unites Stes and the Philippine Islands
Written in response to the US conquest of the Philippines and other former Spanish colonies
Rudyard Kipling’s White Man’s Burden
Take up the white man’s burden-Send out the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exile,To serve your captive’s need;To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered fold and wild-Your new-caught sullen people’sHalf devil and half child.
American Naval hero is washing his hands. Famous for winning imporatnt battle in the Philipppines. Look at the words in the ad. Now look at the small sketches around the Admiral. Ships delivering crates of soap to exotic port, and a white man giving an Indigenous a bar of soap.
What doe sthis image tell you abou the attitude held by many Europeans and North Americans towards other nations?
Religious
Buddhists, Christians and Muslims traveled to spread their faiths
Jesuits (Roman Catholic) preists came to Canada to convert and spread Christianity
Economic
Need raw materials and resources for new industries
New markets to sell materialsNew form of tradeThe desire to “get rich”
Social/Desire for a Better Life
Throughout history people have always wanted a better life
Trade important way to connect in order to obtain certain products that can make their life better
Europeans wearing silk clothes, italians learned to make pasta, organe seeds from India made way to North Am and South Am, exchange ideas and religions
Adventure and Curiosity
Not all who travel are trying to get richer or more powerful
Some travelers are just looking for fun and excitement when they explore
Marco Polo traveled for over 24 years
Political
Part of the rivalry between European countries to gain power
Military strategyGovts want to make profits by
obtaining resources and labour as cheaply as possible
Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan
European Rule in ColoniesCarved up the world, now what?
Two types of rule in the coloniesDirect RuleIn Direct Rule
Direct Rule
France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal
Controlled government at all levels
Appointed officials to replace all native leaders
Got rid of traditional ways of governing
Believed in Paternalism and Assimilation
Paternalism
Belief that European powers should act as parents and guide and teach colonies the “proper” way to live
Assimilation
Belief that colony should absorb the political and cultural beliefs of parent nation
Stricter assimilation included force conversion to Christianity before allowed to become citizens (ie Portugal)
Indirect Rule
Great BritainGovernment controlled by
governor and council but local rulers retained some power if they were loyal
Power was limited and had no influence on government decisions
Mostly because small nations there are not enough people to send officials to everyone one of their colonies
Pros and Cons of Each type of rule
Direct RulePros
Cons
Indirect RulePros
Cons
Imperialism in Canada
Aboriginal peoples have always occupied the land First nations in southern Canada, Inuit in
northern CanadaVikings were the first Europeans in
about 1000BCEFrance was first country to begin a
permanent colony Profitable fur trade with First Nations Cooperative working relationship French colonists became Acadians and
Candiens of New FranceBritish sailed into Hudson Bay and
set up fur trade British colonist also occupied the 13 states
on the East coast of the USA
Imperialism in Canada:France and Britain
French lost New France to Britain after 7 years war
British worked hard to assimilate the French into British culture
Struggles between French and British laid the foundation for Canadians bilingual act and constant balance between Anglophone and Francophone desires
Imperialism in Canada: Aboriginal People
Inuit, Metis and First Nations excluded from Confederation talks
After confederation government passed Indian Act
Indian Act = defined who was considered “Indian” and set out laws regarding treatment of First Nations on reserves
= Indian agent in charge
= Traditional forms of government demolished (page 160 for 3 examples)
= In 1884 creation and funding of residential schools (run by churches) as an effort to assimilate First Nations into “Canadian” society quickly
Forcibly replaced concepts of marriage and parenting
Legacy
Legacy=something that has been passed down from the past
Google Images Enter Legacy
Legacies of the past
•How does the past influence who you are today and how you live?
•There is no doubt actions and decisions made by parents (even grandparents) that still have an effect on your life
•Legacies of past are everywhere around us and some are positive and others are not
Legacies of Imperialism
Imperialism had strong impact on the world community
Has had both negative and positive consequences for Indigenous and non Indigenous people in every corner of the globe
Economic, political and social legacies continue to affect people all over the world
Legacies of Imperialism
Colonial cities grewSpread of Christian idealsFormalization of education
systemsMineral/resource exploitationOver Taxing Paternalism caused dependence
issuesInvesting and Economic
dependenceBuild up of Railroads/ harbours/
roads/infrastructureDestruction of Traditional forms
of governmentAssimilation caused loss of
culture
Examples of Legacies around the world
Pg 164
What Equiano Had to say
Page 151
Cultural Contact and the Aeta Culture
Pg 118
Cartoon on page 120
Questions a-e
Hotel Rwanda
Viewing Response Journal Post Viewing Response
How is Rwanda a good example of the legacies left by historical globalization?
Imperialism in Canada
Policies and actions of imperialist powers affected development of Canada
Generations later consequences of imperialism (historical globalization) still with us Unresolved land claims Social issues Living conditions on reserves Effects of residential schools
How could legacies of imperialism affect long terms well being of a people or society?
Rating the legacies of Imperialism
Rating Support my Rating LanguageHealth CareFood ProductionLand OwnershipAccess to TechnologyValuesTraditional Way of lifeOther?
Residential Schools
Aboriginal children required to attend residential schools form age 5/6 to 18
Usually schools far away so students left home and lived there
Students forbidden to speak any other language other than French or English
Taught that Aboriginal culture was inferior
Discipline was strict (beaten, physical abuse and in some extreme cases sexual abuse)
Pg 161 VoicesPg 161 Maphttp://www.cbc.ca/national/blog/speci
al_feature/stolen_children/in_their_own_voices.html
Perspectives on Residential Schools today
Page 163
Effects of Residential Schools
1996 last government school closed its door
By 1996 people coming forward with tales of effects and soon lawsuits followed.
Effects of Residential SchoolsTreatment in Residential
SchoolsEffects on Individuals &
Communities
Separation from community and family
Poor self-esteem
Rules against speaking Aboriginal languages
Lack of positive role models
Exposure to negative views about Aboriginal cultures
Loss of parenting skills
Harsh conditions Inability to speak own language
Loss of culture and identity
Feeling of being unloved, uncared for
Separation from community and family
Effects of Residential Schools
Did not assimilate but rather create hardship and variety of problems for many
http://archives.cbc.ca/society/native_issues/topics/692-4005/How is Rwanda a good
example of the legacies left by historical globlization
What would be a fair and just response to the legacies of historical globalization?
Identify what can be done on the local level to respond.
Identify what can be done at the national level to respond
Identify what can be done at the international level to respond
What to do?
Currently there are about 100,000 individuals suspected of committing acts of genocide who are imprisoned in Rwanda. This represents a huge emotional and financial burden to all parties. There needs to be a way in which Rwandan society deals with the issue of justice and reconciliation.
Justice, Reparations, Sentences, Trials
To what extent should people in Canada respond to the legacies of historical
globalization?
Response to Historical Globalization in Canada
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, which was to recommend ways to advance Aboriginal self-government and appropriate compensation for past abuses
Royal Commission
Took six years to prepare its report
Traveled across country and listened to the testimony of First Nations, Metis and Inuit people
As a direct result of their report the federal government issued a STATEMENT OF RECONCILIATION (apology to Aboriginal peoples including the abuses related to residential schools)
Government Response to Residential Schools
Criminal charges laid, some abusers sent to jail
Financial CompensationBand run government funded
schools Official Apologies and recognition
about the events
http://archives.cbc.ca/society/native_issues/topics/692-4005/ ( 9 and 12)http://www.cbc.ca/national/blog/special_feature/stolen_children/justice_harry_laforme.html http://www.cbc.ca/national/blog/special_feature/stolen_children/the_apology.html (apology)
Churches Response to Residential Schools
Many of the lawsuits named one of the four churches
Financial burden has fallen on the churches
3 of 4 churches have apologized directly to Aboriginal people
Healing programs, workshops and dialogue with first Nations
http://archives.cbc.ca/society/native_issues/topics/692-4005/ (9)
What is next?
http://www.cbc.ca/national/blog/special_feature/stolen_children/what_next.html
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