Education in Oklahoma
Presented to the Interim Study CommitteeSeptember 26, 2013
Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa, with support from the Metropolitan Human Services Commission
Reported Graduation Rates: Oklahoma
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0%
10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%
100.0%
72.9% 73.4% 74.4% 74.3% 75.2% 74.3% 74.5% 75.4%
0.973 0.972 0.97 0.973 0.978 0.979 0.979 0.977
0.796 0.772 0.784 0.798 0.79
Graduation Rate Senior Graduation RateAveraged Freshman Graduation Rate
Graduation rate is calculated by comparing the current number of graduates to the 9 th grade student enrollment four years earlier. Beginning 2005 a Senior graduation rate was used, which divides current year graduates by graduates plus dropouts (under age 19) for the 12th grade that same year. SYE 2008 Average freshman graduation rate was added for state and county district totals, calculated as current graduates divided by the cohort of the average number of students in 8 th, 9th, and 10th grades.
Source: Education Oversight Board, Office of Accountability.
High School and College Graduation Rates, Oklahoma and Surrounding States
US Missouri Kansas Oklahoma Arkansas Colorado Texas New Mexico0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
High School graduation rates (2007-08)Percent of high school graduates going directly to college (2008)College 6-year graduation rates of Bachelors students (2009)
Source: The National Center for Higher Education Management Systems Information Center.
High School Graduation Rates: Oklahoma, 2011-12 School Year
4-year grad. Rate (2010-11)
Econ. disadvantaged
White
Hispanic
Asian
American Indian
Black
All students
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
82%
85%
90%
83%
94%
87%
85%
89%
Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education, Office of Accountability, 2011-12 AMO (Annual Measurable Objectives); Oklahoma State Department of Education ”no child Left Behind Act” Annual Report Card 2010-11.
Achieving Classroom Excellence Law
• The Achieving Classroom Excellence (ACE) law states that: Beginning with students entering the ninth grade in the 2008-2009 school year, every student shall demonstrate mastery of the state academic content standards in the following subject areas in order to graduate from a public high school with a standard diploma:
• (a) Algebra I;(b) English II; and(c) Two of the following five:(1) Algebra II,(2) Biology I,(3) English III,(4) Geometry, and(5) United States History. (70 O.S. § 1210.523)
Unintentional Effect of Achieving Classroom Excellence Law
• “Students who do not meet EOI requirements and thus do not graduate will be reported by a school district as a “dropout.” Students can enroll as a 5th year senior in 2012-13 to take ACE remediation classes and retake the EOI tests in order to earn a diploma. Without a high school diploma a student can attend a two-year community college such as Tulsa Community College or a technical school. But, without a high school diploma a student cannot attend a four - year college or university, receive a college scholarship or serve in the military.”
Source: Tulsa Kids, April 2012, “Oklahoma End of Instruction Tests.”
Oklahoma Seniors Negatively Impacted by Achieving Classroom Excellence Law
• The Oklahoma State Department of Education estimates that 97% of Oklahoma high school seniors will meet ACE standards, leaving 3% who will not, and therefore will not receive high school diploma and will be classified as dropouts.
• This 3% represents about 1,200 seniors each year.
GED Facts• In 2011, 8884 Oklahoma adults without a high school credential
completed the GED test• Of these, 6669 passed the test for a rate of 75.1%; national average is
72.2%• In Oklahoma, test offered in English and Spanish• Over a third of Oklahoma GED test candidates are age 19-24• 54% are male• 59% white, 16% American Indian/Alaska Native, 14% African American, 9%
Hispanic• 55% report taking GED test for educational reason, 54% for personal
reason, 51% for employment reason (multiple reasons could be chosen)• Upon passing the GED Tests in Oklahoma, examinees will receive an
Oklahoma State High School Diploma.
Percentage of 4th Graders Not Proficient in Reading by Race and Hispanic Origin: United States: 2011
Source: Annie E. Casey Foundation, “KIDS COUNT Data Book, 2013.”
Enrollment and Percentage of Children Enrolled in Special Education, by School District
Tulsa County, School Year 2011-12
Berryhill Bixby BrokenArrow
Collins-ville
Glenpool Jenks Keystone Liberty Owasso SandSprings
Skiatook Sperry Tulsa Union0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
Enrollment
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%Percent in Special Education
Enrollment % Spec. Ed.
Enrollment 1,203 5,072 16,985 2,627 2,421 10,686 359 613 9,336 5,248 2,608 1,358 41,199 14,990% Spec. Ed. 9.3% 13.9% 14.2% 13.1% 13.3% 14.6% 19.2% 15.8% 10.5% 13.0% 12.3% 11.5% 15.1% 10.2%
Tulsa County total ADM = 115,764; percentage in special education = 13.5%
Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education, Education Oversight Board, Office of Accountability, District Data Profile, 2011-12.
Enrollment and Percentage of Children Enrolled in Special Education, by School District
Oklahoma County, School Year 2011-12
Bethany Choctaw/Nicoma
Park
CrookedOak
Crutcho DeerCreek
Edmond Harrah Jones Luther MidwestCity
Del City
Millwood Oakdale OklahomaCity
OklahomaVirtualAcad.
PutnamCity
Santa FeSouth
WesternHeights
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
Enrollment
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%Percent in Special Education
Enrollment % Spec. Ed.
Enrollment 1,644 6,025 1,106 303 4,239 21,985 2,178 1,168 857 14,527 1,062 589 43,492 2,636 19,213 470 3,863% Spec. Ed. 16.5% 11.9% 14.6% 19.5% 13.4% 11.8% 20.2% 11.8% 16.7% 13.5% 10.6% 10.2% 12.5% 2.6% 13.5% 5.3% 11.6%
Oklahoma County total ADM = 125,357; percentage in special education = 12.6%
Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education, Education Oversight Board, Office of Accountability, District Data Profile, 2011-12.
Educational Attainment for Persons Age 25 & OlderOklahoma, Tulsa County and Oklahoma County, 2007-11
Less than high school
High school graduate
Some college
Associate degree
Bachelor's degree
Master's degree
Professional school degree
Doctorate degree
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%Oklahoma Tulsa County Oklahoma County
Oklahoma 14.1% 32.1% 24% 6.8% 15.5% 5.3% 1.4% 0.8%Tulsa County 11.8% 26.7% 24.2% 8.1% 19.9% 6.2% 2.1% 0.9%
Oklahoma County 14.2% 25.7% 25.3% 5.8% 19.1% 6.7% 2.3% 1%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007-11 American Community Survey.
Note: Values shown are midpoint estimates within a 90% confidence range, which can be very wide. Estimates with margins of error exceeding +/- 10% of estimate are shown in italics.
Real hourly wage by educational attainmentUnited states, 1973-2012
19731975
19771979
19811983
19851987
19891991
19931995
19971999
20012003
20052007
20092011
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
$35
$40
$45
Less than high school High school Some college College Advanced degree
2012 dollars
Source: Economic Policy Institute, The State of Working America, 12th Edition, table 4.14.
$29.56
$24.46
$18.06
$16.77
$14.63
$37.34
$28.28
$17.30
$15.78
$11.75
20
School and Employment Status of Youth Age 16 to 19: Oklahoma, 2009-11
82.1%
9.1%
2.9%6.0%
Enrolled in school Not enrolled in school: employedNot enrolled in school: unemployed Not enrolled in school: not in labor force
Source: US Census Bureau, 2009-11 American Community Survey.
N = 212,784
21
Employment Status of Young Adults Age 20 to 24: Oklahoma, 2009-11
64.1%
2.3%
8.7%
24.9%
Employed In armed forces Unemployed Not in labor force
Source: US Census Bureau, 2009-11 American Community Survey.
N = 273,100
22
Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates among Persons 16 to 19 by Sex
1990 2000 2010 2020 Proj.0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
MenWomenBoth sexes
Source: Toossi, Mitra. “Employment Outlook: 2010-2020: Labor Force Projections to 2020: A More Slowly Growing Workforce,” Monthly Labor Review, January 2012.
25.2%
27.9%
26.5%
Prepared by the Community Service Council, with support from the Metropolitan Human Services Commission (5/20/2013).
23
Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates among Persons 20 to 24 by Sex
1990 2000 2010 2020 Proj.0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
MenWomenBoth sexes
Source: Toossi, Mitra. “Employment Outlook: 2010-2020: Labor Force Projections to 2020: A More Slowly Growing Workforce,” Monthly Labor Review, January 2012.
62.3%
69.4%65.9%
Prepared by the Community Service Council, with support from the Metropolitan Human Services Commission (5/20/2013).
Living Arrangements of Related Children Under 18Tulsa County, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 & 2010
Source: US Census Bureau, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 & 2010 Censuses.
Married Couple Male-headed Female-headed Other relatives0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
1970 82% 1% 11% 4%1980 74% 2% 16% 6%1990 71% 3% 18% 5%2000 65% 5% 21% 7%2010 61% 7% 23% 9%
Children living with 1 or both parents
Children in Non-Traditional SettingsOklahoma, 2000 and 2010
Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Census; Oklahoma Department of Human Services.
Living withgrandparents
Living withother relatives
Foster care Institutions0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000 2000 2010
2000 57,601 14,825 5,570 2,133% of children 6.5 1.7 0.6 0.2
2010 79,580 20,633 7,970 1,698% of children 8.6 2.2 0.9 0.2
Foster Care Facts• Number of children in foster care has been used as an indicator for future prison population
• 40 to 50% of children in foster care will not finish HS
• 66% will become homeless, go to jail or die within one year of leaving the foster care system at 18
• 80% of prison pop was once in foster care
• Girls in foster care are 600% more likely than general popualtion to become pregnant before 21
• Kids in foster care are also more likely to be on public assistance as adults.
• Those in institutions are those in supervised facilities, such as correctional facilities, nursing facilities, mental hospitals, group homes for juveniles, and residential treatment centers for juveniles
• Ok is tied for #44 in rate of children 0-17 in foster care system with rate of 8/1,000; national average is 5/1000.
Ratio of Income to Poverty LevelPercentage of Total Population and Selected Age Groups
Oklahoma and Tulsa County, 2007-11 Estimates
Source: US Census Bureau, 2007-11 American Community Survey.
Totalpop
Under18
Under6
65+ Totalpop
Under18
Under6
65+0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Percentage of population
Below 100% Below 185% Below 200%
Below 100% 16% 23% 27% 10% 15% 23% 27% 8%Below 185% 35% 45% 51% 31% 32% 44% 50% 26%Below 200% 38% 49% 55% 35% 35% 47% 53% 30%
Oklahoma Tulsa CountyNote: Values shown are midpoint estimates within a 90% confidence range, which can be very wide. Estimates with margins of error exceeding +/- 10% of estimate are shown in italics.
Ratio of Income to Poverty LevelNumber of Persons: Total Population and Children
Oklahoma and Tulsa County, 2007-11 Estimates
Population Cohort All income levels 100% of poverty level
185% of poverty level
200% of poverty level
Oklahoma
Total population 3,600,116 586,046 1,257,743 1,370,140
Under 18 904,990 207,625 410,242 442,356
Under 6 306,023 82,266 156,312 167,709
65+ 480,328 45,926 149,077 166,306
Tulsa County
Total population 586,417 88,355 189,803 206,528
Under 18 149,936 33,867 6,5510 70,098
Under 6 52,333 14,132 26,237 27,781
65+ 69,350 5,696 18,334 20,645
Note: Values shown are midpoint estimates within a 90% confidence range, which can be very wide. Estimates with margins of error exceeding +/- 10% of estimate are shown in italics.
Source: US Census Bureau, 2007-11 American Community Survey.
Poverty Level by Family TypeTulsa County, 2007-11 Estimates
Source: US Census Bureau, 2007-11 American Community Survey.
11.1%
4.9%8.1%8.2%
16.3%4.9%
2.3%
13.5%16.8%
12.2%30%
15%8.8%
32.2%40.8%
45.8%59.7%
32.5%9.8%
All families
Married-couple family:With related children under 18 years:
Under 5 years onlyUnder 5 years and 5 to 17 years
5 to 17 years onlyNo related children under 18 years
Male householder, no wife present:With related children under 18 years:
Under 5 years onlyUnder 5 years and 5 to 17 years
5 to 17 years onlyNo related children under 18 years
Female householder, no husband present:With related children under 18 years:
Under 5 years onlyUnder 5 years and 5 to 17 years
5 to 17 years onlyNo related children under 18 years
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Participation in Public Assistance ProgramsNumber of Participants and Percentage of Population Participating
Oklahoma, 2012
Source: Oklahoma Dept. of Human Services, 2013 Program Participation Report, and Statistical Bulletins; Oklahoma State Dept. of Education, Low Income Report for 2012-13; US Census Bureau, 2010 Census; Oklahoma State Department of Health-WIC Service, Caseload Report, February 2013.
750,924
496,685
21,853
46,017
22,730
615,461
16,662
212,567
37,287
20%
50.2%
41.7%
17.5%
8.7%
16.4%
1.8%
56.5%
9.9%
Soonercare Total (185%/100%)
Soonercare <19 (185%)
WIC Infants (185%) (Feb. 2013)
WIC age 1-5 (185%) (Feb. 2013))
Child Care Subsidy <5 (185%)
SNAP Total (130%)
TANF <18 (50%)
Elem. School Free Lunch (130%)
Elem. School Reduced Lunch (185%)
0250,000500,000750,0001,000,000
Number of Participants
0% 20% 40% 60%
Percent of Population
Elementary School Students Eligible for Free and Reduced Lunch Program
Oklahoma, and Tulsa Public and Oklahoma City Public School Districts, 2012-13 School Year
Source: Oklahoma State Dept. of Education, Low Income Report for 2012-2013.
56.5%
80.8%
83.8%
9.9%
9.5%
5.2%
Oklahoma Total
TulsaPublic Schools
Oklahoma CityPublic Schools
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%Percent of Students Eligible
Free Reduced
Free lunch eligibility requirement: annual household income below 130% of poverty, which currently is $25,389 for a family of three.
Reduced lunch eligibility requirement: annual household income below 185% of poverty, which currently is $36,131 for a family of three.
Juvenile Arrests, by Type of CrimeOklahoma, 2001 through 2011
Source: Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports.
Index crimes Drug related Alcohol related Other crimes0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16Number of arrests (Thousands)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
A total of 17,205 juvenile arrests were made in Oklahoma in 2011, for a rate of 41.6 per 1,000 juveniles age 10-17, down from 24,885 arrests for a rate of
61.0 in 2001.
Includes murder, rape, robbery aggravated
assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft.
Includes sale/manufacturing
and possession of drugs.
Includes driving under the influence, liquor law violations, and
drunkenness.
Includes other assaults, disorderly conduct, curfew & loitering, runaway and all other non-traffic offenses
Oklahoma’s Prison PopulationFiscal Years 1950 - 2008
Source: Oklahoma Department of Corrections.
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000Prison population
Incarceration of Women
• Oklahoma has the highest female incarceration rate among states at 132/100,000 – almost double national average (68)
• 2,700 Oklahoma women were incarcerated in 2011– 67% for non-violent offenses
• 3% of Oklahoma children have at least one parent in prison– Children with an incarcerated parent are five times more likely to spend time in
prison themselves• Average length of stay is 1.9 years• 3 year recidivism rate is 14.4%• Offense categories (fy2010 receptions)
– Possession/obtaining CDS: 23.8%– Distribution CDS: 19.1%– Forgery: 8.5%– Larceny: 7.1%– Assault: 7.0%
Placement of Children of Incarcerated Mothers in Oklahoma
Father Maternal grandmother
Mother's sibling Other relatives of mother
Paternal grandmother
Foster care0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%31.0%
28.0%
8.0% 8.0%6.0% 6.0%
EDUCATION IN OKLAHOMA
Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater TulsaSeptember 2013
…is available on our website:www.csctulsa.org
Presentation are available from Jan Figart and Melanie Poulter
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