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RESEARCH DESIGNS
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RESEARCH DESIGNS
Descriptive Quantitative
Qualitative Correlational
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Descriptive research
observedescribe
document
answers thequestions what ,
how and why
questionnairesinterviews
(closedquestions)
observation(checklists, etc .)
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Examples:W hat is the association between the student-teacher ratios and student achievement in apublic elementary school?
How does instruction differ among teachersin the district who receive different amountsof staff development?W
hy do teacher qualifications insfluenceinstruction?
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ty pes of descrip t ive
research designS imple
descriptive
Used when data arecollected to
describe persons,organizations, etc .
A survey to arandom sample of
teachers to describetheir characteristics
Comparativedescriptive
Used whendescribing two ormore groups of
participants
Using questionnaireto three group of
teachers about theirclassroom practices
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T he subject is being observed ina completely naturaland unchanged naturalenvironment .
Advantage
B ecause there are no variablesmanipulated
, there is no way tostatistically analyze the results . Many scientists regard this typeof study as very unreliable and
unscientific
Disadvantage
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Quantitative
ResearchQuantitative research is a
formal, objective, systematicprocess in which numerical
data are used to obtaininformation about the world .
-to describe variables;-to examine relationshipsamong variables;-to determine cause-and-effect interactions betweenvariables .' (B urns & Grove2005:23)
Qualitative
Research-is a generic term forinvestigative methodologies
-emphasizes the importanceof looking at variables in thenatural setting in which theyare found
data is gathered throughopen ended questions thatprovide direct quotations
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Sample quali t a t ive research
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CorrelationalResearch
go beyond simply
describing what exists andare concerned withsystematically investigatingrelationships between two
or more variables of interest(Porter & Carter 2000) .
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Example correla t ional researcha researcher measures the student-teacher ratio in eachclassroom in a school district and measures the averagestudent achievement on the state assessment in each of these same classrooms . Next the researcher usesstatistical techniques to measure whether the student
teacher ratio and student achievement in the schooldistrict are connected numerically; for example, when thestudent-teacher ratio changes in value, so does studentachievement . T he researcher can then use the student
teacher ratio to predict student achievement, a techniquecalled regression analysis . W hen there is more than onepredictor variable, the technique of multiple regressionanalysis produces a multiple correlation that is used for
prediction .
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referenceshttp://www .experiment-resources .com/descriptive-research-design .htmlhttp://www .researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals .com/which_research_methodology_are_y .htmhttp://www .google .com .ph/#pq=sample+descriptive+research+paper&hl=en&cp=20&gs_id=3o&xhr=t&q=sample+quantitative+research&pf=p&sclient=psy-ab&source=hp&pbx=1&oq=sample+quantitative+&aq=0&aqi=g4&aql=&gs_sm=&gs_upl=&bav=on.2,or .r_gc .r_pw . ,cf .osb&fp=53dec0e55a12d206
&biw=1280&bih=699
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Thank you!!!
Cherryl T. Gabatilla
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