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2015
The St. Michael Scho
ECONOMICS SBA
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Introduction to the CAPE Economics School Based
Assessment
The internal assessment contributes 20% to the candidates’ final mark. It takes the form of a
report (2000-2500 words) which should be presented in a soft folder (! si"e)# t$ped in Times
ew &oman# font si"e '2 and double spaced. ach ection must start on a new pa*e.
The chool +ased ssessment (+) will be submitted in a series of drafts once information has
been collected.
The research pro,ect proides an opportunit$ for candidates to demonstrate that the$ hae a
comprehensie knowled*e of applicable theories# concepts and models that the$ would hae
learned durin* their course of stud$. The candidates hae the chance to appl$ economic concepts
and principles to sole eer$da$ problems.
The ob,ecties to be attained b$ the end of the pro,ect should be based on the content of one# two
or all three modules of the unit.
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Format
The pro,ect should hae the followin* format
(a) Title pa*e
(b) cknowled*ements
(c) Introduction
(d) /ethodolo*$
(e) &eport which includes
(i) resentation of data
(ii) nal$sis of data
(iii) aluation
(i) &ecommendations
(f) ppendices
(i) 1uestionnaire
(ii) etter to 3r*anisation
(*) +iblio*raph$
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Introduction
The introduction introduces the reader to the topic which is bein* researched. econdl$# it must
state the aims and ob,ecties the researcher hopes to achiee when completin* the pro,ect. ims
are onl$ *eneral statements. To *et more specific the candidate should state ob,ecties which
help $ou achiee the aim. There should be at least two (2) aims and three (4) ob,ecties. Always
begin each objective with the word ‘To’. ast but not least *ie a brief back*round of the
business. ee sample +.
our ob,ecties should be*in with terms such as
• To determine
• To ealuate
• To what e6tent
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Methodology
This section discusses the techni7ues and process the researcher followed in order to collect data
for the research. It includes
• 8iscussion of the methodolo*$ used in the research (e.*. case stud$# primar$ research#
secondar$ research).
• 3utline the research desi*n (e.*.# 7uantitatie# 7ualitatie).
• 9ie details of the t$pe and sample si"e and who were the participants in $our stud$.
• ist and briefl$ describe all the instruments (e.*.# sure$s# obserations# interiews#
7uestionnaires) used in $our stud$ for data collection and discuss their adanta*es in usin*
these instruments.
• 9ie a brief description of how# when (in what order) and where the instruments were
administered (for e6ample# field# classroom or laborator$ procedures) and how the data was
recorded.
• 8iscuss how $ou plan to anal$se the data (e.*. :sin* descriptie statics)
• Identif$ an$ limitations in the stud$.
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Reort
The report consists of the Presentation of Data, Analysis of Data and val!ation of Data.
This "!st be between #$$$%#&$$ words.
Presentation o! "ata
This section *ies details of all the results of $our stud$. . resent the findin*s;results in tables or
charts where appropriate. The words used in tables# charts and *raphs are not counted in the
word limit. The results should be reported with respect to proidin* eidence for $our research
ob,ecties.
Analysis o! "ata
This section is to tie in the findin*s with an$ relationships to economic literature of concepts#
models# theories and laws that relates to $our stud$. In other words $ou will match what $ou find
to the literature (ou are answerin* the 7uestion are $our findin*s consistent with an$ economic
literature). The best wa$ to tackle the anal$sis is to define concepts# state laws or theories and
*ie features of economics from literatures and then show how the law;concept;theor$;feature is
put into practice in the research. ometimes the candidate mi*ht realise that the economic theor$
is not reflected in the results of the research.
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E#aluation
This section *ies an oerall conclusion about the results found in the stud$. It should also state
if it would hae an$ positie or ne*atie impacts in societ$.
Recommendations
n$ research should identif$ problems. The researcher should make su**estions as to how an$
problems could be soled.
Bi$liograhy
This is a record of all sources cited in the chool +ased ssessment. The biblio*raph$ should
contain at least three sources. ources should be written in alphabetical order as follows
'or te(ts
uthor(s) last name# uthor(s) initials. (ear of publication in brackets). Name of source in
italics. lace of publication ublisher
'or websites
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uthor(s) last name# uthor(s) initials. (ear of publication in brackets). Name of source in
italics. &etrieed date# from website
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MAR% SC&EME
MA*+- S/0M '1* -T*-A2 ASSSSM-T
+nowledge)Presentation)Methodology 345 "ar6s7
(Includes marks for communicatin* information in a lo*ical wa$ usin* correct *rammar)
The student has
'. demonstrated a *rasp of the meanin* of basic economic facts# concepts and principles=
2. e6plained familiar economic phenomena in terms of theories# models# laws and principles=
4. deeloped a research desi*n that proides a sound and efficient basis for drawin*
reasonable conclusions.
Application)Analysis 3#$ "ar6s7
(Includes marks for communicatin* information in a lo*ical wa$ usin* correct *rammar)
The student has
'. used the ma,or economic concepts# principles and procedures in unfamiliar situations#
transformed economic data accuratel$ and appropriatel$# used common characteristics as
a basis for classification=
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2. identified and reco*nised the component parts of an economic theor$ or concept and
interpreted the relationships between these parts=
4. inferred# predicted and drawn conclusions usin* releant economic data=
!. made releant and accurate calculations and reco*nised the limitations of economic data=
5. selected appropriate economic theories > matched# compared and cited appropriate
e6amples in familiar situations.
val!ation Synthesis 348 "ar6s7
(Includes marks for communicatin* information in a lo*ical wa$ usin* correct *rammar)
The student has
'. combined component parts to form a new meanin*ful whole# made predictions and
soled problems=
2. made reasoned ,ud*ements and recommendations based on the alue of ideas and
information.
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/o""!nication 39 "ar6s7
/andidates will be awarded 9 "ar6s, for co""!nicating infor"ation in a logical way !sing
correct gra""ar.
The student has
'. presented ar*uments in a clear# concise# reasoned and ob,ectie manner usin* correct
*rammar=
2. used presentation aids such as *raphs# charts and tables to communicate information in a
lo*ical wa$=
4. displa$ed lo*ic and coherence in e6pressin* economic ar*uments=
!. used proper referencin* and citations of source materials. :sin* the e6ample of the
standard ?hica*o manual st$le is recommended.
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SAMP'E SBA 1
Introduction
@a*e differentials can be defined as the differences in wa*e rates between workers in the
same industr$ or between those with comparable skills in different industries or localities.
Aarious factors can affect the wa*es distributed within a compan$ or an industr$. ome of the
releant factors can include= different skill leels# differences in productiit$ and reenue
creations and emplo$er discrimination.
8ifferences in wa*es e6ist within man$ industries.
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Aims& Objectives
The aims of this research pro,ect are
•
To e6plain the concept of wa*e differentials in relation to the labour force within the
compan$
• To inesti*ate the attributes that contributes to the wa*e differences of the emplo$ees of
/.I..
The ob,ecties are
• To e6plain the concept of wa*e differentials
• To identif$ the factors affectin* the differences of wa*es at /.I.
• To compare and contrast actual findin*s from this stud$ and those of other literatures.
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Methodology
To criticall$ obtain the data needed for this research pro,ect# primar$ and secondar$
sources were used. The primar$ data was collected b$ administerin* 7uestionnaires. The
7uestionnaires were administered to 20 indiiduals= these indiiduals were all the emplo$ees of
the compan$ e6cludin* on *eneral worker. selection from each ,ob title was needed to
differentiate the wa*es ade7uatel$. The adanta*es of usin* 7uestionnaires are= the$ were eas$ to
administer and it saed time as a lar*e number of 7uestionnaires could be administered at the
same time. The secondar$ method of collectin* data included the use of te6tbooks and arious
online sources. The benefit of this source is the proision of a ariet$ of necessar$ information.
The data was anal$"ed usin* a 7uantitatie approach b$ the presentation of charts. The charts
were then compared with literatures.
Limitations of Data Collection
The limitations of the use of 7uestionnaires are# the respondent ma$ lie# for*et or lack
information and also the respondents left on their own ma$ not be concerned about the
importance of the 7uestions.
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the 7uestionnaires# each ran*in* from different sectors of the compan$. fter the administration
of the 7uestionnaires# the data was anal$sed and presented into tables and charts. In the anal$sis
the data from the table and charts was compared with literature relatin* to the topic. n
ealuation was then made from the anal$sed data and finall$ recommendations were made. In
the recommendations# points were made to correct an$ problems faced b$ the distribution of
wa*es in the compan$.
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Presentation of Data
:ob Title Se( Age *ange ;ears at
co"pany3appro(i"ate7
Managing
Director
Male &4%&& 1ver #$ years /=/
A%levels
Associate
Degree
Ad"inistrative
Manager
'e"ale &4%&& 44%#$ /=/
A%levels
Associate
Degree
Sales S!pervisor Male >4%>& 4%& /=/
A%level
Prod!ction
S!pervisor
'e"ale &4%&& 1ver #$ years /=/
Prod!ction
?or6er 347
'e"ale >4%>& 4%& /=/
Prod!ction
?or6er 3#7
'e"ale 54%5& 4%& /=/
Prod!ction
?or6er 3>7
'e"ale #4%#& 4%& /=/
Prod!ction
?or6er 357
'e"ale #@%>$ 4%& /=/
Prod!ction
?or6er 3&7
'e"ale #4%#& 4%& /=/
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Prod!ction
?or6er 3@7
'e"ale #@%>$ 4%& /=/
Prod!ction
?or6er 387
'e"ale 5@%&$ 4%& /=/
Sales"an 347 Male #4%#& 4%& /=/
Sales"an 3#7 'e"ale #@%>$ @%4$ /=/
Sales"an 3>7 Male #@%>$ @%4$ /=/
Sales"an 357 Male >4%>& @%4$ /=/
Delivery Man
347
'e"ale >@%5$ 4%& /=/
Delivery Man
3#7
Male #@%>$ 4%& /=/
1ffice Ad"in 347 'e"ale >@%5$ @%4$ /=/
1ffice Ad"in 3#7 'e"ale 54%5& @%4$ /=/
eneral ?or6er 'e"ale 54%5& @%4$ -one
Table 4 9eneral information of the emplo$ees of /.I.
1cc!pational 2evel Salary *ange B)per year
Managing Director '00 000
Ad"inistrative Manager C5 000
Sales S!pervisor 50 000
Sales"an 25 000 > 40 000
Prod!ctive S!pervisor 25 000
Prod!ctive ?or6er 20 000 > 2! 000
1ffice Ad"inistration 2! 000 > 25 000
Delivery Man '5 000
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eneral ?or6er '2 000
Table # 3ccupation leel and salar$ ran*e of emplo$ees
'ig!re 4 ie chart showin* the male to female ratio within the compan$
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'ig!re # ie chart showin* the number of emplo$ees who had preious e6perience before bein*
hired.
;es -o
Managing Director roductie worker (2)
Ad"inistrative Director roductie worker (4)
Sales S!pervisor roductie worker (!)
Prod!ction S!pervisor roductie worker (5)
Prod!ction ?or6er 347 roductie worker (C)
Prod!ction ?or6er 3@7 alesman (4)
Sales"an 347 9eneral worker
Sales"an 357
Sales"an 3#7
1ffice Ad"in 347
1ffice Ad"in 3#7Delivery Man 347
Delivery Man 3#7
Table > howin* which emplo$ees hae e6perience
'ig!re > ?olumn chart showin* aera*e wa*es and *e &an*e
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'ig!re 5 +ar chart showin* the period of trainin* for the arious ,ob titles.
'ig!re & +ar chart showin* occupational leel with re*ard to aera*e wa*e.
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Analysis & Interpretation
Table ' illustrates the *eneral information of the emplo$ees of /.I.. The table is in an
ascendin* order from the hi*hest paid > the lowest paid. It is eident that the indiiduals who are
paid the hi*hest hae more distinct 7ualifications than other emplo$ees.
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/an$ beliee that a ma,or factor of wa*e differentials is se6 and *ender.
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to the compan$ bein* studied. @ithin /.I. roducts td the aera*e earnin*s fall between the
a*e of !-50 but then rises between the a*e of 5'- 55. This occurs because the hi*hest paid
indiiduals are the /ana*in* 8irector and the dministratie /ana*er who also happened to be
the oldest emplo$ees in the compan$.
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Evaluation
+ased on the definition of wa*e differentials and after anal$"in* the presented data from
the charts and table it can be said that eidence of wa*e *aps do e6ist within the or*ani"ation.
The empirical literature hi*hli*hted man$ factors that cause wa*e differentials= howeer# in this
research# the predominant factors that were found /.I. roducts imited were= the importance
of different ,ob titles in comparison to others# the skills re7uired and 7ualifications
1ualifications are not a ma,or factor for wa*e differentials in this case but it did hae
some kind of effect on how indiiduals are paid. In order to hae conclusie idea if factors is a
ma,or role a research across industries will hae to be undertaken. 8espite this limitation# based
on /.I. roducts imited# the most 7ualified indiiduals are the hi*hest paid# whereas the
indiiduals who are not 7ualified or hae ,ust basic 7ualifications are amon* the aera*ed paid
and the lowest paid. The administration or the mana*ement of the compan$ also has had their ,ob
titles in the companies for the lon*est. This means the$ also hae $ears of e6perience as well as
7ualifications. lso within the compan$# some indiiduals of with the same ,ob description ma$
be paid hi*her.
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Recommendations
In closin*# from anal$"in* and ealuatin* the information that was *athered from this
stud$ I would make the followin* recommendations to /.I. roducts imited
• In terms of e6perience# emplo$ees who had preious e6perience before bein* hired
should hae hi*her income than other in their sector that has onl$ learnt about their
re7uirements from the trainin* periods.
• 3ffice dministration workers should be able to *et a promotion to hi*her paid ,obs# if
the$ work efficientl$ and learn the different tasks and re7uirements needed to be part of
the administration• fficient workers should be rewarded non-monetar$ incenties or end of $ear bonuses for
their hard work durin* the $ear
• If the compan$ is *ainin* substantial profits its possible the$ can inest in human capital
which would affect the efficienc$ of the compan$ positiel$
ibliography
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Appendi!
/$ name is KKKK.. and I am an conomics student at the t. /ichael chool. I am seekin*
to *ather information which would assist me in m$ conomics research assi*nment. The topic
of m$ assi*nment is @a*e 8ifferentials# which basicall$ describes the factors that affect how
wa*es are distributed in a compan$. The information collected in this 7uestionnaire will beconfidential. lease tick the bo6 where necessar$ or fill out the 7uestions. lease answer all
7uestions truthfull$.
ender /ale L M
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' $ear or more L M
!. 8id $ou hae an$ e6perience in the particular area before $ou were hiredN
es L M o L M
5. @hat are $our hi*hest 7ualificationsN
?6c L M ssociate 8e*ree L M 8iploma L M -leel L M +achelor’s 8e*ree L M 3ther L M
;(If other please specif$)
. @hat skills are used in performin* $ou ,obN
;
C. Dow lon* hae $ou been workin* at the compan$N
ess than ' $ear L M '-5 $ears L M -'0 $ears L M ''-20 $ears L M 3er 20 $ears L M
J. tate $our appro6imate wa*e ran*eN (er annum)
'2 000 L M '5000L M 40 000L M 50 000L M '00 0000 L M
B. Dow are $ou paidN
@eekl$ L M
er two weeks L M
/onthl$ L M
'0. re the$ a lot of competition for $our current positionN
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es L M o L M
''.
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